Clinicopathological features of the triple-negative tumors in Chinese breast cancer patients

In order to analyze the clinicopathological features of Chinese triple negative tumors, we performed a retrospective study of 1993 female unilateral breast cancer patients undergoing surgery in Cancer Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China. Survival curves were performed with Kaplan–Meier method and annual recurrence hazard was estimated by hazard function. We observed that the rate of larger tumors in triple negative patients was higher than that in HR+/ERBB2− women, but lower than that in ERBB2+ subgroup (P = 0.0001). In addition, 21.83% of triple negative patients had four or more axillary lymph nodes involved as compared to 27.40% of ERBB2+ women and 22.75% of HR+/ERBB2− subgroup (P = 0.0056). In the survival analysis, we found a statistical significance for recurrence-free survival (RFS) among the three subgroups (P = 0.0037), with the rate of 72.89% for ERBB2+ patients, 78.40% for HR+/ERBB2− ones and 75.76% for triple negative ones at the 11th year respectively. When it came to hazard peaks, discrepancies existed in different subgroups. Similar to HR+/ERBB2− patients, triple negative subgroup showed an early major recurrence surge peaking at approximately year 2.5 as opposed to ERBB2+ counterparts with a tapering sharp at the 1st year. Furthermore, the first peak of triple negative tumors was higher than that of HR+/ERBB2− patients, but lower than that of ERBB2+ ones. Therefore, our findings suggested biological characteristics and prognostic outlook of Chinese triple negative breast cancers might be more favorable and somewhat different from those in Western populations. W.-J. Yin, J.-S. Lu and G.-H. Di have contributed equally to this work.     

转移性三阴乳腺癌的临床特征和治疗结果

目的 分析转移性三阴乳腺癌的临床病理特征、生存情况和局部治疗在转移性三阴乳腺癌中的作用。方法 回顾分析1998—2013年间收治的 220例转移性三阴乳腺癌患者的临床特征和治疗结果。全组 206例初诊Ⅰ~Ⅲ期患者治疗后出现远处转移(186例接受改良根治术、14例保乳手术+放疗、5例单纯保乳术、1例未接受手术;化疗 196例,88例改良根治术后局部区域放疗),14例Ⅳ期初诊时即有远处转移(8例接受改良根治术、1例区段切除术、5例未接受手术)。用Kaplan-Meier法计算生存率,Logrank法检验和单因素预后分析转移后治疗对生存的影响。结果 最常见转移部位为肺和骨,实质性脏器转移182例(82.7%),单器官转移 63例(28.6%),多器官转移 153例(69.5%),4例不详。三阴乳腺癌初诊 3年内转移达高峰,5年后很少发生转移(6.4%)。中位随访时间22个月,全组转移后 5年OS为25.0%,中位生存时间21个月。单器官转移、多器官转移的 5年OS分别为38.2%、17.5%(P=0.005)。合并内脏转移、局限骨转移的 5年OS分别为20.3%、56.2%(P=0.049)。62例单器官转移病例中接受手术或放疗局部治疗组和无局部治疗组的转以后 5年OS分别为48%和29%(P=0.006)。结论 转移性三阴乳腺癌常见内脏实质器官转移,单器官转移预后好于多器官转移;对于单一器官转移,挽救性局部治疗能改善生存;局限于骨转移好于合并内脏转移预后。     

老年三阴性乳腺癌的临床病理特征及治疗

老年三阴性乳腺癌（TNBC）具有独特的临床病理特征,除浸润性导管癌,也多见于腺癌、小叶癌,该类肿瘤体积大,分级多为Ⅲ级。老年TNBC患者辅助化疗疗效显著,但因常并发其他疾病,选择治疗方案时除考虑肿瘤分期外,还需注意患者重要器官功能及耐受能力。老年TNBC患者预后较差,给予合理治疗后,情况可明显改善。     

Clinicopathological features and treatment strategy for triple-negative breast cancer

Breast cancers are divided into at least 4 subtypes on the basis of gene expression profiles and expression of receptors (hormone receptors (HR) and HER2) as measured by immunohistochemistry. These subtypes have different prognoses and responses to treatments such as endocrine manipulation, anti-HER2 therapy, and chemotherapy. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is immunohistochemically defined as lacking estrogen and progesterone receptors and not overexpressing HER2. TNBC accounts for approximately 15% of breast cancer patients, and is more chemosensitive but has a worse prognosis than the HR-positive/HER2-negative phenotype. TNBC is a heterogeneous disease that does not offer specific targets in the same way as HR-positive and HER2-positive breast cancers, and is similar to basal-like breast cancer and BRCA1-related breast cancer. At present, the lack of highly effective therapeutic targets for TNBC leaves standard chemotherapy, for example the combination of anthracycline and taxane, as the only medical treatment, but this is insufficiently efficacious. Novel approaches for TNBC, for example DNA damaging agents, PARP-1 inhibitors, receptor tyrosin kinase inhibitors (TKIs), and antiangiogenesis agents, have been examined in clinical settings. Concerning therapeutic strategies for TNBC, it is most important to develop novel effective approaches for TNBC treatment and high-throughput predictive tools for standard chemotherapy and novel agents.     

Clinicopathological features of hereditary breast cancer

The possible role of germline mutations ofBRCA1 andBRCA2 as causative agents of familial breast cancer was assessed. Their possible involvement in the carcinogenesis of hereditary breast cancer was investigated using 63 clinically suspect families. Twenty-one lineages (33.3%) had mutations in one of the twoBRCA genes. This relatively low incidence suggested that germline mutations in unknown genes are involved in the carcinogenesis of hereditary breast cancer in the Japanese population. However, the clinicopathological features characteristic of hereditary breast cancer, such as early disease onset, a high incidence of bilateral breast cancer, and a high incidence of multiple primary carcinomas in other organs were confirmed in the present study.     

男性乳腺癌25例的临床病理特征及生存分析

目的分析男性乳腺癌患者的临床病理特征、治疗及生存情况。方法回顾性分析北京大学肿瘤医院乳腺肿瘤内科及北京大学第鼍医院收治的25例男性乳腺癌的临床及随访资料。采用Kaplan．Meier模型分析男性乳腺癌生存情况。结果分析的25例男性乳腺癌发病中位年龄为65岁（44—80岁）。病理类型多为浸润性导管癌（80．0％）,仅l例患者为浸润性小叶癌（4．0％）。激素受体阳性患者23例（92．O％）。luminalA—like亚型12例（48．0％）,Her-2阴性luminalB—like亚型2例（8．0％）,Her-2阳性luminal B—like亚型6例（24．0％）,无HER-2过表达型,basal—like型（i阴型）2例（8．0％）,未分型3例（12．O％）。早期（I～Ⅲ期）患者比例较大,占92％（23例）,均进行了根治性手术治疗,9例（39．1％）接受了辅助化疗,14例（60．9％）接受了辅助内分泌治疗,其中7例患者为他莫昔芬治疗,4例患者为芳香化酶抑制剂（aronlatase inhibitors,AI）联合戈舍瑞林治疗,3例患者为他莫昔芬治疗2～3年转换为AI联合戈舍瑞林治疗。早期乳腺癌患者的5年无病生存率为81％。结论男性乳腺癌是一种少见的疾病,以老年患者为主。早期患者治疗以手术为主,内分泌治疗原则不能完全相同于绝经后的女性乳腺癌,使用AI治疗的患者,应注意下丘脑-垂体-睾丸轴的功能抑制。     

男性乳腺癌125例患者的临床病理特征与生存分析

目的:探讨男性乳腺癌患者的临床病理特征以及治疗和生存情况,并进行预后相关因素的分析.方法:回顾性分析1961年1月-2011年12月共125例男性乳腺癌患者的病历资料和随访资料.采用log-rank检验和COX回归模型分析与男性乳腺癌患者预后相关的因素.结果:125例男性乳腺癌患者的5年总生存率为60.5％,5年无病生存率为54.8％.单因素分析结果显示,是否有恶性肿瘤家族史(P=0.041)、肿瘤大小(P＝0.005)、临床TNM分期(P=0.005)、腋窝淋巴结是否转移(P=0.013)和是否行乳腺癌根治术(P=0.016)是与男性乳腺癌患者总生存率相关的预后因素,而是否有恶性肿瘤家族史(P=0.015)、肿瘤大小(P=0.000)、临床TNM分期(P=0.002)和腋窝淋巴结是否转移(P=0.010)是与男性乳腺癌患者无病生存率相关的预后因素.COX回归模型分析结果显示,肿瘤大小(P=0.045)、腋窝淋巴结是否转移(P=0.026)和是否行乳腺癌根治术(P=0.000)是与总生存率相关的独立预后因素,而肿瘤大小(P=0.010)和是否行乳腺癌根治术(P=0.001)是与无病生存率相关的独立预后因素.结论:肿瘤大小、腋窝淋巴结是否转移和是否行乳腺癌根治术是影响男性乳腺癌患者预后的独立危险因素,早期诊断以及以乳腺癌根治术为主的综合治疗措施是提高男性乳腺癌患者生存率的关键.     

三阴乳腺癌的临床病理特征及治疗进展

三阴乳腺癌是乳腺癌的特殊亚型,是指雌激素受体(ER)、孕激素受体(PR)和人表皮生长因子受体(Her-2)表达均为阴性的乳腺癌。对其临床病理特征、治疗现状、潜在药物靶点的研究将有助于设计更佳的治疗方案,改善预后。     

三阴性乳腺癌临床病理特征、治疗方法及转移后生存情况分析

目的探讨三阴性乳腺癌的临床病理特征、治疗方法、转移情况与预后的关系。方法回顾性分析138例三阴性乳腺癌患者临床、病理及随访资料。结果三阴性乳腺癌患者3、5年无瘤生存率与绝经前、后发病,原发病灶大小,是否保乳,病理类型,化疗方案均无关（均P〉0．05）;与临床分期、淋巴结转移、病理分级均有相关性（均P〈0．05）。患者的3年无瘤生存率与家族史、与放疗均有相关性（均P〈0．05）。结论淋巴结转移、临床分期、病理分级均为影响预后的重要因素;保乳与否及常用的化疗方案与预后均无关;放疗可提高3年无瘤生存率,但不能提高5年无瘤生存率。术后转移者预后差,生存期〈2年。     

男性乳腺癌临床病理特征及预后分析

  目的  探讨男性乳腺癌临床病理特征、分子亚型特征及预后的特点。  方法  收集天津医科大学肿瘤医院135例的男性乳腺癌患者和377例同期诊断为非特殊型浸润性导管癌女性患者临床病理资料, 比较两组预后差异, 对患者年龄、肿瘤大小、淋巴结转移、分期、免疫组织化学指标等因素与预后的关系进行统计学分析。  结果  与女性乳腺癌相比, 男性乳腺癌好发于乳晕区(P=0.001), 具有较高的雌激素受体、孕激素受体阳性表达率(P < 0.05);男性乳腺癌以Luminal A和Luminal B1型为主, 其所占比例高于女性乳腺癌(P < 0.05);男性乳腺癌5和10年总生存率为81.3%和68.1%、无病生存率为72.3%和50.5%, 显著低于同期诊断的女性乳腺癌5、10年总生存率(91.8%、79.2%)(P=0.001)、无病生存率(82.6%、60.9%)(P=0.003)。单因素生存分析显示肿瘤大小、淋巴结转移、病理学分期、HER-2状态、分子分型是影响男性乳腺癌患者总生存和无病生存预后的因素(P < 0.05), Cox多因素分析显示肿瘤大小和淋巴结转移与男性乳腺癌患者预后有关(P < 0.05)。  结论  男性乳腺癌较女性乳腺癌预后差, 分子亚型以Luminal A和Luminal B1型为主, 其所占比例高于女性乳腺癌, 表明两者可能具有不同的生物学行为, 早期诊断、早期治疗是改善其预后的关键。      

合并2型糖尿病的乳腺癌患者临床病理特征及预后分析

目的:分析合并2型糖尿病乳腺癌患者的临床病理学特征及其与预后的关系。方法:收集西安交通大学第二附属医院肿瘤科2012年1月至2014年12月收治的合并2型糖尿病的乳腺癌患者102例作为糖尿病组,按照1∶2的原则选取同期就诊于西安交通大学第二附属医院肿瘤科的非糖尿病乳腺癌患者204例作为对照组,比较两组临床病理特征以及预后。结果:糖尿病组相比对照组,糖尿病组50岁以上人群比率显著高于对照组（76.5% vs 57.8%,P<0.05）,糖尿病组绝经后患者的比率显著高于对照组（69.6% vs 53.9%,P<0.05）;糖尿病组和对照组相比,其中T2期及以上患者所占比例（79.4% vs 66.2%）、淋巴结阳性患者比例（68.6% vs 55.4%）、Ⅱ/Ⅲ期患者所占比例（82.8% vs 67.6%）糖尿病组更高,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。糖尿病组5年复发转移率为14.9%。结论:2型糖尿病是乳腺癌发生发展和淋巴结转移的不良危险因素,乳腺癌合并2型糖尿病患者的病理T分期和临床分期偏晚,淋巴结转移更多,其复发转移率较高,合并2型糖尿病的乳腺癌患者可能预后更差,应更加注重术后定期复查及随访。     

不同年龄女性乳腺癌临床病理及预后对比分析

目的探讨不同年龄女性乳腺癌患者临床病理特征及预后的差异。方法收集1 418例女性乳腺癌患者临床病理资料,分为青年组（≤35岁）、中年组（〉35岁且〈65岁）及老年组（≥65岁）。采用χ^2检验对各组临床病理资料作比较。应用Kaplan-Meier法和Log-rank检验比较各组生存率。结果青年组乳腺肿瘤直径、淋巴结状态、分期与中年组、老年组之间存在差异（均P〈0.05）,其他临床病理特征各年龄组比较差异均无统计学意义（均P〉0.05）。无瘤生存率青年组最小,老年组最大,各组差异有统计学意义（χ^2=7.398,P=0.025）。三组总生存率比较差异无统计学意义（χ^2=3.996,P=0.136）。结论女性乳腺癌临床病理特征不因年龄不同而存在差异,但预后可能存在差异。     

luminal B 型晚期乳腺癌临床病理特征及预后分析

  目的  探讨luminal B型晚期乳腺癌患者的临床病理特征及预后因素。  方法  收集2008年6月至2013年6月天津医科大学肿瘤医院收治的206例luminal B型晚期乳腺癌患者的临床资料,回顾性分析其临床病理特征及影响预后的因素。  结果  206例患者中HER-2阳性型54例（26.2%）,HER-2阴性型152例（73.8%）。其中HER-2阳性型患者中Ki-67＞30%为57.4%（31/54）,较HER-2阴性型的55.9%（85/152）高,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.01）;HER-2阳性型患者中无病生存期（disease free survival,DFS）<36个月为79.6%（43/54）,较HER-2阴性型的65.1%（99/152）高,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。206例患者的中位生存期为25（2.1～85.0）个月,是否合并内脏转移、一线解救化疗疗效、是否行解救内分泌治疗是luminal B型晚期乳腺癌患者的独立预后因素（P<0.05）。  结论  luminal B型晚期乳腺癌患者中,HER-2阳性型中的Ki-67指数比HER-2阴性型更高,且更易在3年内发生复发、转移。合并内脏转移、一线解救化疗时病情进展、未行解救内分泌治疗是影响luminal B型晚期乳腺癌患者不良预后的独立因素。      

Clinicopathological features of triple-negative breast cancer in Taiwanese women

Background  

The goal of this study was to identify prognostic factors that influence the survival outcome of Taiwanese women with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC).     

双侧原发性乳腺癌年轻患者临床特征与诊治探讨

目的 双侧原发性乳腺癌(bilateral primary breast cancer,BPBC)虽然是一种少见类型乳腺癌,但在我国患病人数仍很可观,而且我国乳腺癌发病年龄趋于年轻化,直接影响了患者的治疗效果.本研究旨在探讨年轻双侧BPBC的临床病理特征、诊断、综合治疗及预后.方法 对天津医科大学肿瘤医院2005-01 01-2008-12-31收治的15例≤40岁(30～40岁)BPBC患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,并与同期118例非年轻(＞40岁)BPBC患者进行对比.结果 年轻BPBC占同期全部BPBC的11.3％,年轻与非年轻BPBC的临床特征进行比较发现,年轻BPBC患者初潮年龄早,生育次数少,第二原发癌处于病理学分期Ⅱ期的患者比例高,以上特征差异均有统计学意义,P＜0.05.年轻BPBC与非年轻BPBC的5年无病生存率分别为71.1％和84.9％,差异无统计学意义,P=0.335;5年总生存率分别为73.3％和87.2％,差异无统计学意义,P=0.487.结论 年轻BPBC作为一种特殊类型的BPBC,与非年轻BPBC的临床病理特征上存在明显差异,这导致了二者预后的不同,但这种差异无统计学意义.单侧年轻乳腺癌术后患者为发生对侧乳腺癌的高危人群,应加强随访,以期做到早发现、早诊断、早治疗,改善预后.     

残胃癌的临床病理特征及外科治疗

目的 分析残胃癌的临床病理特征并评价手术对残胃癌患者预后的影响.方法 回顾性分析我院1985年1月至2004年3月收治的残胃癌患者的临床资料.结果 本组Ⅱ期2例,Ⅲ期9例,Ⅳ期15例.其中5例施行姑息性切除(19.2%),5例因肿瘤广泛转移而不能手术(19.2%),16例施行根治性手术(61.5%).16例施行根治性手术患者术后1,3,5年生存率分别为75.0%、43.4%和31.3%.结论 早期诊断并行根治性残胃切除患者预后较好.     

AFP阳性胃癌的临床病理特征及治疗策略

甲胎蛋白（AFP）阳性胃癌（AFPGC）因其恶性度高、进展快、易转移、预后差等特点,逐渐在临床上受到重视,被认为是一种特殊类型的胃癌。目前AFPGC的治疗更多的是借鉴普通胃癌,但疗效逊于普通胃癌。故针对此类胃癌,探寻其临床病理特征,特别是分子生物学特征,将对该病的诊断及个体化治疗具有十分重要的意义。本文将对AFPGC的定义、临床特征、分子病理特征及治疗现状等方面的研究进展作一综述。     

Clinicopathological features of breast angiosarcoma

Background

Breast angiosarcomas are rare neoplasm. Due to its rarity, our therapeutic strategy is extremely limited. Therefore, we investigated the clinicopathologic features and examined the treatment for angiosarcoma compared with some literatures.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective chart and slide review of all patients in our division seen from 1997 to 2012 with a diagnosis of primary or secondary breast angiosarcoma at the National Cancer Center Hospital (Tokyo, Japan).

Results

Nine patients were diagnosed with breast angiosarcoma (six primary and three secondary cases). The median age of patients with primary angiosarcoma was 39 years (range 27–65 years). The median tumor size was 6.78 cm (range 3.0–8.8 cm). In the primary tumor, 4 patients had total mastectomy and 2 had a breast conserving surgery. 3- and 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) of the patients with primary angiosarcoma was 20 and 0 %. 5-year surviving rate of primary angiosarcoma was 50 %. In all patients with secondary angiosarcoma, recurrence was observed in all cases. But one case obtained long-term survival in local control therapy.

Conclusions

Our study demonstrates breast angiosarcoma exhibits high recurrence rates. Tumor size and surgical margin may be important factor to obtain long-term survival. In this point of view, total mastectomy with adequate tumor margin with early detection is desired. In case of recurrence, if it is local, surgery may be potentially curative.

     

青年胃癌患者的临床病理特征及预后分析

目的:研究青年(≤35岁)胃癌患者的临床病理特征和预后的影响因素。方法:回顾性收集湖南省肿瘤医院2010年10月至2017年12月行根治性切除的2029例Ⅰ-Ⅲ期胃癌患者的临床病理资料,根据患者首次确诊时年龄大小分为青年组(n=75)和对照组(n=1954)。对比两组患者的一般状况、病理结果和长期生存等,采用χ²或t检验分别对比分析分类变量和连续变量,Kaplan-Meier法、Log-rank检验及Cox回归多因素分析预后影响因素。结果:青年组胃癌患者的平均年龄为30.13岁(19~35)岁,其中53.3%为女性。与对照组相比,青年组患者中女性患者的比例更高,术前白蛋白水平更高,全身合并症的发生率及术后并发症的发生率更低,术后住院时间更短,而接受新辅助化疗和辅助化疗的比例更高(均P<0.05)。青年组和对照组术后1、3和5年生存率没有统计学差异(94.6%、60.1%、54.2%vs 89.3%、67.7%、58.1%,P=0.601)。进一步Cox回归多因素分析显示,肿瘤病理分期是影响青年胃癌患者术后生存的主要因素。结论:青年胃癌患者以女性更为常见,早期发现,行根治性切除以后,接受辅助化疗等治疗,其预后与中老年患者相当。     

Clinicopathological features of gastric cancer in young patients

Background

Early-onset gastric cancer is relatively rare. To evaluate the clinicopathological features and surgical outcome of young patients with gastric cancer, this retrospective comparative study was conducted.

Methods

From 2000 to 2010, 4882 patients underwent surgery for gastric adenocarcinoma in our institution. A total of 136 patients under 40 years old were enrolled as the young group, and a total of 1435 patients aged between 60 and 69 were identified as the control group for this study. The patient’s characteristics, pathological findings, surgical and clinical outcomes were reviewed, and the risk factors of recurrence were compared between the two groups.

Results

Among the young group, patients had significantly fewer comorbidities and postoperative complications. The patient proportion having 7 or more lymph node metastases was higher in the young group (25 %) than in the control group (16 %). The presence of lymph node metastasis was identified as a strong risk factor for recurrence (odds ratio = 4.31) in the young group according to the results of the step-wise logistic regression analysis. Although the disease-specific survival at stage II was relatively better in the young group (p = 0.0439) than in the control group, there were no significant differences in overall survival for all stages.

Conclusion

Early-onset gastric cancer is likely to present lymph node metastases. The survival rate of gastric cancer in young patients was equivalent to that in patients in their 60s, which is the typical age at onset.