成人过敏性难治性支气管哮喘患者血清维生素D水平的相关临床研究

目的 研究成人难治性过敏性支气管哮喘(简称哮喘)患者血清维生素D水平以及和肺功能、总免疫球蛋白E、气道反应性,总免疫球蛋白E和气道反应性的相关性研究.方法 选择有过敏性哮喘病史的患者,测定肺功能及舒张试验,阳性者采用Uni CAP系统测定总免疫球蛋白E及特异性IgE,采用酶联免疫法测定体内维生素D主要的储存形式25羟维生素D3[25(OH)D3]含量,比较25(OH)D3水平和肺功能、总免疫球蛋白E、气道反应性的相关性以及总免疫球蛋白E和气道反应性相关性.结果 哮喘患者血清25(OH)D3含量明显低于正常值(23.10±23.15),且男女之间差异无统计学意义;血清25(OH)D3与FEV1％pred呈明显正相关(r=0.428,P＜0.01);和总免疫球蛋白E无明显相关性(r=-0.265,P＞0.01);和气道反应性呈明显负相关(r=-0.559,P＜0.01);总免疫球蛋白E和气道反应性呈明显正相关(r=0.578,P＜0.01).结论 成人难治性过敏性哮喘患者血清25(OH)D3明显低于正常水平,对于总免疫球蛋白E虽然无明显影响,但明显影响着患者的肺功能及气道的反应性.     

成人过敏性难治性支气管哮喘患者血清维生素D水平的相关临床研究

目的研究成人难治性过敏性支气管哮喘(简称哮喘)患者血清维生素D水平以及和肺功能、总免疫球蛋白E、气道反应性,总免疫球蛋白E和气道反应性的相关性研究。方法选择有过敏性哮喘病史的患者,测定肺功能及舒张试验,阳性者采用UniCAP系统测定总免疫球蛋白E及特异性IgE,采用酶联免疫法测定体内维生素D主要的储存形式25羟维生素D3[25(OH)D3]含量,比较25(OH)D3水平和肺功能、总免疫球蛋白E、气道反应性的相关性以及总免疫球蛋白E和气道反应性相关性。结果哮喘患者血清25(OH)D3含量明显低于正常值(23.10±23.15),且男女之间差异无统计学意义;血清25(OH)D3与FEV1%pred呈明显正相关(r=0.428,P0.01);和总免疫球蛋白E无明显相关性(r=-0.265,P0.01);和气道反应性呈明显负相关(r=-0.559,P0.01);总免疫球蛋白E和气道反应性呈明显正相关(r=0.578,P0.01)。结论成人难治性过敏性哮喘患者血清25(OH)D3明显低于正常水平,对于总免疫球蛋白E虽然无明显影响,但明显影响着患者的肺功能及气道的反应性。     

老年男性2型糖尿病患者血清25-羟维生素D水平与血脂的相关性研究

目的探讨老年男性T2DM患者中血清25-羟维生素D(25-OH-VitD)与血脂及其他生化指标的相关性。方法收集985例61~90岁的常规查体人群。采用方差分析比较不同年龄段、不同25-OH-VitD水平下,血脂水平及其他生化指标的差异。Logistics回归分析25-OH-VitD与血脂及相关指标的关系。结果本研究人群中,维生素D(VitD)缺乏40.2%,VitD不足40.4%,VitD正常19.4%。TG和HDL-C在不同组间比较,差异有统计学意义(P_(TG)=0.027,P_(HDL-C)=0.019)。TC、LDL-C在各组间比较,差异无统计学意义(P_(TC)=0.123,P_(LDL-C)=0.078)。结论老年男性T2DM患者25-OH-VitD与TG呈负相关,血清TG是25-OH-VitD的独立影响因素。     

25～44岁糖耐量正常的腹型肥胖男性患者睾酮和25羟基维生素D3水平变化及其与胰岛素抵抗关系的研究

目的 探讨25～44岁糖耐量正常的腹型肥胖男性患者的睾酮、25羟基维生素D3[25(OH)D3]水平变化及其与IR的关系. 方法 选取25～44岁糖耐量正常的男性129名,根据WC分为腹型肥胖组和腰围正常组,检测两组血清总睾酮(TT)、25(OH)D3和其他生化指标,分析睾酮水平下降的危险因素. 结果 腹型肥胖组胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)较腰围正常组高[2.18(1.33,3.21) vs1.13(0.34,1.62),P＜0.01],TT[(6.12±0.24) vs (7.50±0.63)ng/ml,P＜0.01]、25(OH)D3[(39.89±5.34)vs(51.91±8.72) mmol/L,P＜0.01]低.腹型肥胖组TT与HDL-C、25 (OH)D3呈正相关,与WC、FIns和HOMA-IR呈负相关.多元线性回归分析显示,TT与25(OH)D3、HOMA-IR相关性最显著. 结论 25～44岁糖耐量正常的腹型肥胖男性患者已出现IR以及睾酮、维生素D(VitD)水平下降,VitD水平下降、IR与睾酮水平下降的相关性最显著.     

成人支气管哮喘患者血清25-羟维生素D_3水平及其与肺功能的关系

目的了解成人支气管哮喘(简称哮喘)患者血清25-羟维生素D3[25(OH)D3]水平,为哮喘的治疗提供新的策略。方法收集门诊确诊哮喘患者162例,通过电化学发光法检测患者血清25(OH)D3浓度,以德国JAEGER肺功能仪检测哮喘患者用力肺活量(FVC)、第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV1),计算第1秒用力呼气容积占预计值百分比(FEV1%pred)、FEV1/用力肺活量。根据患者FEV1情况行支气管激发或舒张试验。对25(OH)D3与乙酰甲胆碱PD20FEV1(PD20MCH-FEV1)、FEV1增加值、FEV1增加率的相关性进行分析。结果哮喘患者血清25(OH)D3浓度均低于正常参考值。支气管激发试验中,25(OH)D3与PD20MCH-FEV1呈正相关(P0.001,r=0.73);支气管舒张试验中,25(OH)D3与FEV1增加值及增加率均呈正相关(r分别为0.53、0.59,P值均0.01)。结论成人哮喘患者血清25(OH)D3浓度比正常值低;血清25(OH)D3浓度与哮喘患者气道高反应性呈负相关,与β2受体激动剂作用后气道阻塞的改善情况呈正相关。     

血清25-羟基维生素D3浓度水平与成人支气管哮喘及COPD的相互关系

目的通过检测支气管哮喘、COPD患者血清25（OH）D3水平,分析其与两种疾病的关系。方法随机选择哮喘患者59例、COPD患者35例,与之年龄、性别等相仿的健康对照组49例。通过电化学发光法检测25（OH）D3水平,并分析成人哮喘及COPD患者与对照组血清25（OH）D3水平的差异性。检测哮喘患者肺功能指标,分析与25（OH）D3水平相关性,以P〈0．05为有统计学意义。结果病例组血清25（OH）D3水平低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,哮喘患者血清25（OH）D,水平与FEV1、FEV1／FVC、FVC实测值之间无相关性（P〉0．05）。结论支气管哮喘及COPD患者均普遍存在维生素D缺乏现象。在成人支气管哮喘患者低的25（OH）D3水平与其肺功能之间无相关性。     

2型糖尿病合并维生素D缺乏患者血浆中胆固醇调节元件结合蛋白1C的表达与25羟维生素D水平的相关性研究

目的探讨T2DM合并VitD缺乏患者血浆中胆固醇调节元件结合蛋白1C(SREBP-1C)表达与25羟维生素D[25(OH)D]水平的关系。方法选取遵义医学院附属医院内分泌科新诊断单纯T2DM患者(T2DM组)63例,T2DM合并VitD缺乏患者(T2DM+VitD缺乏组),正常人群合并VitD缺乏者(NC+VitD缺乏组)64例及健康对照者(NC组)70名。比较各组25(OH)D水平,RT-PCR、Western blot检测SERBP-1CmRNA及蛋白的表达。结果T2DM+VitD缺乏组与T2DM组比较,血浆中SERBP-1CmRNA及蛋白表达、FPG、HbA_1c、TG、FIns、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)升高,25(OH)D水平减低(P0.05);Pearson相关分析显示,血浆中25(OH)D水平与HbA_1c、HOMA-IR、FIns、FPG、2hPG、TG、SREBP-1CmRNA及蛋白表达均呈负相关(P0.05)。结论 T2DM合并VitD缺乏患者血浆中25(OH)D水平明显减低,SREBP-1C的表达及TG升高,推测血浆中25(OH)D水平降低可能引起外周血SREBP-1C表达升高,致脂代谢异常,加重IR,导致糖尿病。     

维生素D对糖尿病足溃疡患者组织中维生素D受体、过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ、血管内皮生长因子表达的影响

目的 观察维生素D(VitD)对糖尿病足溃疡(DFU)组织中维生素D受体(VDR)、PPARγ、血管内皮生长因子C(VEGFC)mRNA、蛋白表达的影响,探讨VitD对DFU的保护作用及机制.方法 选取2018年8月至2020年1月于遵义医科大学附属医院内分泌科门诊及住院的DFU患者90例,根据VitD水平分为VitD...     

重视血浆25羟维生素D与新发高血压的关系

25(OH)D羟化为1,25-2羟基维生素D,作用于体内维生素D(VitD)受体,不仅与钙的体内平衡有关,还参与体内许多其他病理、生理过程,如抑制肾素表达和平滑肌细胞增生.     

哮喘患儿血清维生素D水平改变与炎症因子和肺功能的相关性研究

目的探讨哮喘患儿血清维生素D水平改变与炎症因子和肺功能的相关性。方法收集80例哮喘患儿和40例健康儿童,比较两组肺功能情况和血清维生素D水平差异。结果哮喘患儿血清25(OH)D3、TGFβ水平降低,INFγ、TNFα和IL-6增高与对照组比较有显著性差异(P均0.05);哮喘组患儿血清维生素D水平与TGFβ呈正相关,与IL-1β和IL-6呈负相关(P均0.05)。结论哮喘患儿血清维生素D水平明显较低,与炎症因子具有一定的相关性。     

血清维生素D、MMP-9表达水平对哮喘患儿严重程度的评估及临床意义

目的探讨血清维生素D、基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)表达水平对哮喘患儿严重程度的评估价值。 方法选择2018年8月至2019年8月成都市妇女儿童中心医院呼吸科门诊收治入院的56例哮喘急性发作期患儿作为研究对象,根据病情严重程度将患儿分为轻度组14例、中度组25例、重度组17例,选择同期在我院儿保科体检合格的34例儿童作为对照组。所有受试对象入组后24 h内抽取静脉血测定血清中维生素D及MMP-9水平,并进行肺功能检查。比较四组研究对象的一般情况、肺功能指标、血清中维生素D及MMP-9水平,对血清中维生素D、MMP-9水平与肺功能和病情严重程度进行相关性分析。 结果患儿第1 s用力呼气容积(FEV₁)、用力肺活量(FVC)、FEV₁/FVC、25%用力呼气流量(FEF₂₅)、50%用力呼气流量(FEF50)及75%用力呼气流量(FEF₇₅)明显小于对照组(P<0.05);随着病情程度加重,FEV₁、FVC、FEV₁/FVC、FEF₂₅、FEF₅₀及FEF₇₅逐渐减小(P<0.05);患儿血清中维生素D水平明显低于对照组,血清中MMP-9水平明显高于对照组(P<0.05);随着病情程度加重,血清中维生素D水平逐渐降低,血清中MMP-9水平逐渐升高(P<0.05);血清中维生素D水平与FEF₂₅、FEF₅₀及FEF₇₅呈正相关,血清中MMP-9水平与FEF₂₅、FEF₅₀及FEF₇₅呈负相关(P<0.05);血清中维生素D水平与病情严重程度呈负相关;血清中MMP-9水平与病情严重程度呈正相关。 结论哮喘患儿血清中维生素D水平随病情程度逐渐下降,MMP-9水平随病情程度逐渐上升,同时其水平与肺功能密切相关,加强对哮喘患儿血清维生素D及MMP-9的监测对病情评估具有重要的临床意义。     

Lung Function and Cytokine Levels in Professional Athletes

Objective. Previous studies have demonstrated that exercise-induced asthma and bronchial hyperresponsiveness commonly occur in athletes. The present study investigates pulmonary function and cytokine levels in professional athletes to explore the impact of various sports on respiratory system function and to evaluate the possible role of systemic anaphylaxis. Methods. Lung function was measured at rest in professional athletes without a history of smoking. Athletes were recruited from 10 different sports including swimming, water ballet, shooting, volleyball, softball, football, kickboxing, fencing, judo, and track and field. Measurements included forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV₁), vital capacity (VC), peak expiratory flow (PEF), maximal mid-expiratory flow curve (MMEF), and forced expiratory flow rate (FEF_{25 - 75}%). In addition, the medical history of all athletes was recorded. Correlations between lung function measurements and the different sports, age, gender, height and weight were analyzed. In some athletes, serum was sampled to detect IL-4 and IL-10 concentrations. In these subjects, the correlation between pulmonary function and cytokine levels was analyzed. Results. A total of 147 professional athletes and 30 healthy volunteers were enrolled in the study. Allergic rhinitis and asthma were detected only in swimmers with an incidence of 56.52% (13/23) and 8.70% (2/23), respectively. Lung function measures were significantly correlated with sport, age, gender, height, and weight. Ventilation functions (including FVC, FEV₁, FEV₁/FVC, and MMV) in male athletes were superior to those in females, and the ventilation functions in swimmers were superior to those in others. However, the small airway functions (MMEF, FEF₅₀, FEF₇₅) in swimmers and in track and field athletes were lower than predicted (swimmers: 72%, 70%, and 78%, respectively; track and field athletes: 79%, 75%, and 99%, respectively). Serum analyses for IL-4 and IL-10 revealed that IL-4 concentrations were higher in swimmers 69.34 ± 22.4 pg/mL relative to non-swimmers (p = 0.000). By contrast IL-10 concentrations were lower in swimmers 34.94 ± 9.71 pg/mL than that in the static group (44.69 ± 16.32 pg/mL; p = 0.027). IL-4 levels were negatively correlated with FEV₁%, FEF₂₅%, FEF₅₀%, and MMEF%. By contrast, IL-10 levels were not correlated with any of these measures. Conclusions. The lung function measurements were correlated with sport, age, gender, height, and weight in the various athletes. The lung capacity of swimmers was greater than that of other athletes. Small airway dysfunction was observed in some swimmers and endurance athletes. We observed an association between systemic anaphylaxis and small airway dysfunction after prolonged regular training, particularly following swimming and endurance training.     

老年COPD合并呼衰患者血清CysC、VEGF、ACTA水平与病情严重程度的相关性

目的分析老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, COPD)合并呼吸衰竭(respiratory failure, RF)患者血清胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂C(cystatin protease inhibitor C, CysC)、血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor, VEGF)、激活素A(activin A, ACTA)水平与病情严重程度的相关性。 方法选择四川大学华西医院住院治疗的106例老年COPD合并RF患者为RF组,按动脉血氧分压(PaO₂)将患者分为轻度组36例、中度组41例和重度组29例,另选取医院相同时间段收治的47例单纯COPD患者为非RF组,比较各组患者血清CysC、VEGF、ACTA水平及一秒钟用力呼气容积占预计值百分比(FEV₁)、一秒钟用力呼气容积占用力肺活量百分比(FEV₁/FVC)差异,并分析血清CysC、VEGF、ACTA水平与FEV1%、FEV₁/FVC相关性。 结果RF组患者血清CysC、ACTA水平高于非RF组(P<0.05),VEGF水平、FEV1%、FEV₁/FVC低于非RF组(P<0.05);老年COPD合并RF患者病情越严重,血清CysC、ACTA水平越高,VEGF水平、FEV1%、FEV₁/FVC越低,轻度组、中度组和重度组患者组间存在显著差异(P<0.05);Pearson相关检验结果显示,老年COPD合并RF患者血清CysC与FEV1%、FEV₁/FVC均呈负相关(r＝-0.530,P<0.01;r＝-0.594,P<0.01);VEGF与FEV1%、FEV₁/FVC均呈正相关(r＝0.571,P<0.01;r＝0.668,P<0.01);ACTA与FEV1%、FEV₁/FVC均呈负相关(r＝-0.604,P<0.01;r＝-0.557,P<0.01)。 结论老年COPD合并RF患者血清CysC、VEGF、ACTA水平与其病情严重程度存在密切相关性,有助于对患者及时作出病情评估。     

EOS、总IgE与儿童哮喘严重程度和肺功能的相关性

目的 分析血嗜酸性粒细胞(EOS)、总IgE与儿童哮喘严重程度和肺功能的相关性。方法 选择2018年1月至2021年1月我院收治并确诊的55例支气管哮喘患儿,根据病情严重程度分为轻度组18例、中度组22例、重度组15例。对比不同病情严重程度组儿童血清EOS、总IgE、FeNO及肺功能第1秒用力呼气容积占预测值百分比(FEV₁%pred)、呼气峰值流速(PEF)和用力肺活量(FVC)水平变化;观察给予吸入性糖皮质激素(ICS)治疗前后,哮喘组儿童上述指标变化情况;采用Spearman秩相关和Pearson相关性分析血清EOS、总IgE与儿童哮喘FeNO、病情严重程度及肺功能的相关性。结果 哮喘组儿童FeNO及血EOS%、总IgE水平升高,肺功能指标FEV₁%pred、PEF、FVC明显降低(P<0.05);重度哮喘组上述指标高于/低于中度组,中度组高于/低于轻度组(P<0.05)。ICS治疗后,哮喘组儿童FeNO及血EOS%、总IgE水平较治疗前降低,肺功能指标升高,治疗前后差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。儿童哮喘血EOS%...     

咳嗽变异性哮喘患者疗效与布地奈德福莫特罗疗程的相关性研究

背景 咳嗽变异性哮喘(CVA)是引起成年人慢性咳嗽的主要原因,布地奈德福莫特罗作为治疗此病的重要药物,其最佳疗程目前尚无统一定论,如何在保证治疗安全性的同时尽可能使患者获益是当前临床研究热点和难点.目的 探讨CVA患者疗效与布地奈德福莫特罗疗程的相关性.方法 选取廊坊市人民医院门诊2018年8月至2020年3月收治的C...     

ACO患者血清Fbg、FeNO、IgE水平变化与肺功能相关性研究

目的探讨支气管哮喘-慢性阻塞性肺疾病重叠综合征(ACO)患者血清中纤维蛋白原(Fbg)、呼出气一氧化氮(FeNO)、免疫球蛋白E(IgE)的变化水平与肺功能的相关性。 方法选择2016年1月至2018年5月期间在我院接受治疗的支气管哮喘急性发作期患者56例,慢阻肺急性加重期患者51例,ACO急性加重期患者45例,同时选取50例健康者作为对照。检测受试对象的外周血嗜酸性粒细胞数量、Fbg和IgE水平、FeNO以及肺功能指标。采用Pearson相关性分析Fbg、FeNO、IgE与1 s用力呼气容积(FEV₁),FEV₁改善值,用力肺活量(FVC)的关系。绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线,并计算Fbg、FeNO、IgE指标曲线下面积(AUC)。 结果①三组患者嗜酸性粒细胞数量和血浆IgE水平明显高于对照组(P<0.05);但是三组患者之间比较,未见统计学差异(P>0.05)。ACO患者血清Fbg水平高于哮喘组患者(P<0.05),FeNO检测值高于慢阻肺患者(P<0.05);②ACO患者FEV₁、FEV₁改善值和FVC值明显高于对照组和慢阻肺组受试者,但是FEV₁值高于哮喘组患者,而FEV₁改善值和FVC值低于哮喘组患者(P<0.05);③ACO患者血浆Fbg水平与FEV₁、FEV₁改善值和FVC值均呈负相关性(P<0.05),而FeNO值仅与FEV₁值呈负相关性(P<0.05)。而血浆IgE水平与FEV₁改善值呈正负关性(P<0.05);④经ROC曲线分析,Fbg、FeNO、IgE联合检测ROC曲线的AUC为0.892(95%CI：0.773-0.948),敏感性和特异性分别为89%和78%。 结论Fbg、FeNO和IgE与ACO患者肺功能指标密切相关,有助于临床鉴别ACO、支气管哮喘以及慢性阻塞性肺疾病。     

结核性胸膜炎患者化疗时是否加用糖皮质激素对肺功能动态变化的对比研究

目的 探讨结核性胸膜炎患者化疗时是否加用糖皮质激素对肺功能的动态变化。方法 回顾性分析首都医科大学附属北京胸科医院2015年5月至2018年5月收治的结核性胸膜炎患者172例,对患者的肺通气、容积、弥散功能和呼吸肌力学指标在化疗前,以及化疗第1、6、12个月末进行4次检测;根据在抗结核药品化疗方案的基础上是否加用糖皮质激素分为两组,即加用组60例(醋酸泼尼松+2H-R-Z-E/10H-R-E)和未加用组112例(2H-R-Z-E/10H-R-E)。肺通气功能的检测指标为患者用力肺活量检测值占正常预计值的百分比(FVC)、第1秒用力呼气容积检测值占正常预计值的百分比(FEV₁% pred)、第1秒钟用力呼气容积/用力肺活量比值占正常预计值的百分比(FEV₁/FVC% pred)、用力呼出75%肺总量时瞬间呼气流量检测值占正常预计值的百分比(FEF₇₅)、最大分钟通气量检测值占正常预计值的百分比(MVV% pred);肺容积功能的检测指标为残气量检测值占正常预计值的百分比(RV% pred)、肺总量检测值占正常预计值的百分比(TLC% pred)、残气量/肺总量比值占正常预计值的百分比(RV/TLC% pred);弥散功能的检测指标为肺弥散量检测值占正常预计值的百分比(D_LCO)和肺泡容量校正的肺弥散率检测值占正常预计值的百分比(D_LCO/VA% pred);呼吸肌力学的检测指标为气道阻力检测值占正常预计值的百分比(Rtot% pred、呼气峰流量检测值占正常预计值的百分比(PEF% pred)、吸气峰值流量实测值(PIF),通过对检测指标的观察,了解肺功能的变化。肺功能测定结果按“测定值/正常预计值×100%”表示(除PIF为实测值),符合正态分布的计量资料采用“$\overline{x}$±s”进行统计描述,统计学处理采用t检验;不符合正态分布的计量资料采用中位数(四分位数)[M(Q₁,Q₃)] 表示,统计学处理采用Z检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果 (1)结核性胸膜炎患者化疗前,以限制性通气功能障碍为主,FVC% pred为(62.1±13.4)%,FEV₁% pred为(64.4±15.5)%,FEV₁/FVC% pred为(87.0±11.1)%,MVV% pred (65.7±21.1)%,FEF₇₅% pred为61.6(41.6,83.0)%,RV% pred为111.3(89.8,131.4)%, TLC% pred为 (77.0±16.9)%,RV/TLC% pred为(146.9±35.9)%, D_LCO% pred为(62.6±18.3)%,D_LCO/VA% pred为(92.3±16.6)%,PEF% pred为(64.1±18.13)%,PIF为 3.2(2.3,4.1)L/s,Rtot% pred为96.0(69.3,118.9)%]。(2)化疗过程中,第1、6、12个月末 FVC<80%的患者分别为80.2%(138/172)、75.0%(129/172)、0.0%(0/0);化疗第6个月末D_LCO<80%的患者为44.2%(76/172)); (3)加用组和未加用组患者在化疗前、化疗第1、6、12个月末FEF₇₅% pred[分别为(68.7(49.8,84.1)%和60.7(39.4,80.7)%);87.1(70.5,94.4)%和73.1(51.9,87.0)%;80.1(66.5,111.9)%和66.8(59.9,87.2)%;90.4(55.3,102.9)%和78.4(54.6,87.3)%],两组比较差异均无统计学意义值分别为-1.091、-0.111、-1.609、-1.171,P值均>0.05); MVV% pred[分别为(65.8±19.4)%和(65.5±18.6)%);(86.9±18.6)%和(79.5±18.7)%;(90.3±16.0)%和(86.3±16.0)%;(96.8±11.1)%和(87.3±19.8)],两组比较差异均无统计学意义(t值分别为1.043、0.444、0.708、1.113,P值均>0.05)。结论 结核性胸膜炎患者治疗前、治疗第1个月末肺功能减退主要表现为限制性通气功能障碍和弥散功能减退,治疗第6个月末仅通气功能恢复正常,而弥散功能在治疗第12个月末恢复正常;早期糖皮质激素辅助治疗对结核性胸膜炎患者的肺功能无明显影响。     

Influence of Age on Diurnal Variability in Measurements of Spirometric Indices and Respiratory Pressures

We evaluated variations in spirometric indices (i.e., forced vital capacity [FVC], peak expiratory flow [PEF], and forced expiratory volume in 1 sec [FEV,₁]) and static respiratory muscle pressures (i.e., maximum static inspiratory pressure [PI_max] and maximum static expiratory pressure [PE_max]) within a span of 12 hr in 60 healthy elderly subjects, 60 young subjects, and 30 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. There were no differences among data of FVC, PEF, FEV₁, Pl_max, and PE_max on three separate occasions within a day in the elderly or the young. The mean coefficient of variation (CV) values of PEF and Pl_max on three occasions were 3.0 ± 0.3% and 4.2 ± 0.4% in the elderly, and 2.4 ± 0.2% and 3.7 ± 0.3% in the young, respectively. No subjects had more than 9% CV on each measurement in the study, suggesting that there is no significant daytime variation in measurement of expiratory flow and respiratory pressures in young and elderly people. However, FVC, PEF FEV₁, and Pl_max values in the morning were smaller than those measured at the other two occasions in COPD patients. The results indicate that COPD affects diurnal variation in pulmonary function, but age alone has little impact on diurnal variation.     

Symptomatic Vascular Rings in Adulthood: An Uncommon Mimic of Asthma

Symptomatic thoracic vascular rings presenting in adulthood are thought to be rare. During a 3-year time period, we diagnosed four cases of symptomatic vascular rings, which had been treated unsuccessfully for suspected asthma. Spirometry was characterized by normal forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV₁), and FEV₁/FVC, decreased peak expiratory flow (PEF), and truncation of the expiratory flow volume loop. Chest radiographs revealed a right aortic arch in each case with computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) confirming the diagnosis of a vascular ring. The specific abnormalities consisted of right aortic arch with mirror branching of the main arteries and persistent ligamentum arteriosum; right aortic arch with diverticulum and a fibrous embryonic left arch; right aortic arch with aberrant left subclavian artery arising from a diverticulum of Kommerell; and a right aortic arch with persistent ligamentum arteriosum. Although they are uncommon, vascular rings first presenting in adulthood as a mimic of asthma are not rare. This diagnosis should be considered in adults when abnormal truncation of the flow-volume loop occurs or when radiographic aortic arch abnormalities are found.     

Dietary Intake of Soy Genistein is Associated with Lung Function in Patients with Asthma

To determine if micronutrient intake is associated with asthma severity, we administered the Block food frequency questionnaire to participants in a randomized clinical trial of the safety of influenza vaccine for asthmatics. The nutrition substudy included 1033 participants, aged 12-75. Intake of antioxidant vitamins, soy isoflavones, total fruits and vegetables, fats, and fiber was compared with asthma severity at baseline [forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV₁), peak expiratory flow rate (PEF), asthma symptoms] and the rate of asthma exacerbations during the 2 weeks following influenza vaccination. The only nutrient that had a consistent association with asthma severity was genistein, a soy isoflavone. None of the nutrients evaluated were related to asthma exacerbation rate when adjusted for known confounders. The FEV₁ in genistein consumers of at least 250 µg/1000 Kcal/day was 82.1% predicted, 79.9% predicted for those who consumed between 1 and 249 µg/1000 kcal, and 76.2% predicted in genistein nonconsumers (p = 0.006); the PEF was 82.7% predicted, 80.8% predicted, and 78.3% predicted, respectively (p = 0.009). There were no differences in the Asthma Symptom Utility Index (ASUI). We could not account for these results based on differences in demographics, body mass index, or consumption of other nutrients. Thus, increasing consumption of genistein is associated with better lung function in patients with asthma. Further studies are needed to determine whether dietary supplementation with genistein can reduce asthma severity.