重组人生长激素在老年患者胸腹部术后急性呼吸衰竭机械通气治疗中的作用

目的:探讨重组人生长激素(rhGH)在老年患者胸腹部术后急性呼吸衰竭机械通气治疗中的作用及合适剂量。方法:将45例老年胸腹部术后急性呼吸衰竭(ARF)患者随机分为3组,每组15例,A治疗组采用rhGH4IU,肌肉注射,1次/d,连续治疗10d;B治疗组采用rhGH4IU,肌肉注射,2次/d,连续治疗10d;对照组未用rhGH治疗。3组其他治疗相同。观察3组治疗后的机械通气时间、一次拔管成功率、呼吸机相关肺炎(VAP)发生率、平均住ICU时间、ICU病死率及第10d患者血糖含量、每日胰岛素用量。结果:A、B治疗组与对照组相比,在机械通气时间、平均住ICU时间明显缩短(P<0.05);一次拔管成功率、VAP发生率、ICU病死率优于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗前3组患者血糖均高于正常,但差异无显著性(P>0.05),rhGH治疗后血糖较治疗前均有升高,其中B组较对照组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。rhGH治疗后胰岛素的每日用量均明显高于治疗前(P<0.05),但在可控范围内。结论:rhGH在每日4IU治疗10d用于老年患者胸腹部术后ARF是安全有效的,但治疗期间应加强血糖的监测,强化胰岛素治疗,防止糖代谢紊乱的发生。     

人脐带间充质干细胞不同移植途径对大鼠糖尿病足愈合影响的研究

目的 探讨人脐带间充质干细胞(hUC-MSCs)不同移植方式对大鼠糖尿病足(DF)的影响。方法 37只Wistar雄性大鼠随机分为实验组(n=32)和对照组(Con,n=5)。实验组高脂饲料喂养两个月后造模成功,腹腔注射STZ 30mg/kg,重复2~3次直至出现高血糖,Con组注射等体积、等次数的缓冲液。造模成功后将造模组(Mod)随机分为模型组(DM)、局部低剂量组(LD,0.5×106/0.2ml)、局部高剂量组(HD,1.0×106/0.2ml)和静脉组(VI,2.0×106/0.2 ml),每组各5只。各组足背部切除1块约3mm×7mm矩形全层皮肤组织,第2天按分组移植干细胞,比较各组溃疡愈合时间和溃疡面积。结果 hUC-MSCs表面标记为CD 29、CD 44、CD 90和CD l105高表达;20只大鼠造模成功,STZ注射后14d血糖为(21.54±2.71)mmol/L,伴多饮、多尿、消瘦等症状,注射后7d体重低于Con组[(519.08±68.79)vs(577.50±47.86)g,P0.05]。细胞移植8d后比较各组间皮肤溃疡面积,结果显示,与细胞移植时的溃疡面积比较,DM组溃疡面积为33.1%,HD组、VI组及Con组皮肤溃疡面积分别为26.6%、23.0%和21%,溃疡面积缩小(P0.05);LD组溃疡面积为33.5%;伤口痊愈时检测血清中VEGF,结果显示,与DM组[(25.17±9.88)pg/ml]比较,Con组[(83.12±19.13)pg/ml]及LD组[(75.15±37.59)pg/ml]含量差异有统计学意义(P0.01);与DM组比较,VI组TG、TC降低,C-P水平升高。结论 两种hUC-MSCs移植方法在促进糖尿病伤口愈合方面机制不同,静脉移植有利于改善糖尿病整体代谢情况。     

贝前列腺素钠对2型糖尿病大鼠肾功能及氧化应激水平的影响

目的 观察贝前列腺素钠(BPS)对2型糖尿病大鼠肾功能及氧化应激水平的影响. 方法 将30只SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组(NC组),2型糖尿病组(T2DM组),BPS治疗组(BPS组),T2DM组和BPS组大鼠给予高脂饮食合并小剂量链脲佐菌素( STZ)腹腔注射,建模成功后,BPS组给予0.6 mg/(kg.d)灌胃,其余饲养条件3组相同,最终纳入实验各组6只.给药8周后检测各组大鼠体质量、血糖、24 h尿量、肾质量体质量比(KW/BW)、24h尿蛋白(24 h Ualb),血肌酐(Cr),尿素氮(BUN)以及各组大鼠氧化应激水平及炎症因子指标,包括总超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)、还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)、白介素6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)、髓过氧化物酶(MPO)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP). 结果 给药8周后,T2DM组血糖、尿量、KW/BW、24 h Ualb、Cr、BUN、MIDA、IL-6、TNF-α、MPO、hs-CRP水平均较NC组显著升高;体质量、SOD、GSH水平较NC组显著降低(P＜0.01).BPS组较T2DM组血糖、尿量、KW/BW、24 h Ualb、Cr、IL-6、M DA、TNF-α、MPO、hs-CRP水平显著降低(P＜0.05或0.01),体质量、SOD、GSH水平显著升高(P＜0.05). 结论 BPS可通过降低氧化应激水平,减少炎症因子的生成,显著减少糖尿病肾病大鼠尿蛋白排泄量,改善其肾功能,对T2DM大鼠肾脏具有保护作用.     

糖尿病急重症患者胰岛素起始治疗方案的初步探讨

回顾性分析28例1型糖尿病（T1DM）与24例2型糖尿病（T2DM）急重症患者的一般资料,起始治疗的胰岛素用量,出院时的胰岛素用量与血糖控制情况等资料。结果：52例DM患者的胰岛素起始平均用量为（0.6±0.2）U/kg,出院时平均用量为（0.7±0.2）U/kg,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。T1DM患者起始平均用量为（0.6±0.1）U/kg,T2DM患者起始平均用量为（0.5±0.2）U/kg,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。入院时平均空腹血糖（FPG）（15.8±6.4）mmol/L,出院时FPG（7.7±2.6）mmol/L,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论：糖尿病急重症患者胰岛素起始治疗的用量需加大,以利更好的血糖控制。     

低剂量辐射通过诱导局部SDF1/CXCR4高表达促进大鼠糖尿病皮肤损伤愈合

目的探讨低剂量辐射促进糖尿病(DM)皮肤损伤愈合的分子机制,明确SDF1、CXCR4在创面愈合过程中的作用。方法制备DM皮肤损伤大鼠模型,分为2组,其中照射组(RDM组)给予75 m Gy的X射线照射,6 min·次~(-1)·d~(-1),照射5 d,间隔2 d,总共照射15 d。另一组为DM大鼠非照射组(DM)组;同时以正常大鼠皮肤损伤自然愈合为对照组(NDM组)。分别在创面愈合的7、14、21 d,通过创面愈合面积、免疫组化和蛋白印记方法观察低剂量辐射对DM皮肤损伤创面愈合的影响,确定辐照对皮肤创面组织表达SDF1/CXCR4的调节作用。结果 DM大鼠创面存在难以愈合及愈合延迟的现象。RDM组大鼠的创面愈合率明显高于未照射组(P0.01);免疫组化结果显示DM组创面边缘的SDF1和CXCR4蛋白表达明显低于正常大鼠(P0.01),RDM组SDF1和CXCR4蛋白与DM组相比增加(P0.01);采用蛋白印记方法分析创面愈合过程SDF1/CXCR4的动态表达,结果显示RDM组7 d SDF1表达与DM组相比增加2.8倍。关联分析发现,SDF1表达强度与创面微血管密度密切相关。结论低剂量辐射参与创面修复整个过程,通过诱导DM皮肤创面局部组织分泌大量的SDF1,招募外周血中EPCs,促进局部新生血管生成,加速创面愈合。     

新诊断2型糖尿病患者25羟维生素D3与血糖波动相关性的分析

目的探讨新诊断T2DM患者25羟维生素D3[25(OH)D3]水平与血糖波动的关系。方法选取2014年1月至2017年12月于我院内分泌科就诊的188例新诊断T2DM患者,根据25(OH)D3水平分为正常组(≥30 ng/ml组)58例、减少组(20~30 ng/ml组)66例和缺乏组(<20 ng/ml组)64例,比较各组临床指标及血糖波动指标的差异。结果25(OH)D3≥30 ng/ml、<20 ng/ml组2 h C-P、胰岛素抵抗指数、血糖波动最大幅度(LAGE)、血糖变异系数(CVBG)均差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。各组2 hPG、平均血糖波动幅度(MAGE)、血糖标准差(SDBG)比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Pearson相关分析显示,25(OH)D3水平与2 hC-P呈正相关(r=0.395,P<0.05),与MAGE、SDBG呈负相关(r=-0.631、-0.456,P<0.05)。结论T2DM患者25(OH)D3水平与血糖波动显著相关。     

不同程度糖尿病足溃疡创面组织中血管内皮生长因子表达及对预后预测价值研究

目的 探讨不同程度糖尿病足溃疡（DFU）创面组织中VEGF表达及对预后的预测价值。方法 选取2019年1月至2020年1月于我院周围血管病科就诊的T2DM合并DFU患者470例,根据治疗后伤口是否愈合,将所有患者分为愈合组（n=309）和未愈合/复发组（n=161）。比较各组生化指标,Spearman相关分析DFU与各指标的相关性,受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线评估VEGF预测DFU风险。结果 未愈合/复发组血清VEGF高于愈合组（P<0.05）,组织VEGF及创面中VEGF表达降低（P<0.05）。Spearman相关分析显示,DFU愈合率与ABI、HDL-C、LDL-C、组织VEGF水平及VEGF表达呈正相关（P<0.05）,与DM病程、TC、血肌酐、BUN、血清VEGF呈负相关（P<0.05）。血清VEGF、创面组织VEGF水平及VEGF表达的ROC曲线下面积为0.728、0.790、0.759。Logistic回归分析显示,DM病程、血清VEGF、ABI、创面组织VEGF水平及VEGF表达是DFU的影响因素,预后模型的一致性指数为0.896(P<0....     

双乙酰丙酮氧钒和小檗碱联用对1型糖尿病大鼠影响的研究

目的探讨双乙酰丙酮氧钒[VO(acac)_2,VO]和小檗碱(Berberine,Ber)联合用药对T1DM大鼠的影响。方法腹腔注射STZ建立T1DM大鼠模型,随机分为模型组(DM)、VO0.5组(0.5 mg/kg)、VO_2组(2 mg/kg)、VO_5组(5 mg/kg)和VO+Ber组(2 mg/kg VO+200 mg/kg Ber),设置正常对照组(NC)。检测各组体重、血糖、血管形态与钙化情况、血脂四项和氧化应激水平。结果与DM、VO_2组比较,VO+Ber组血糖降低[(27.44±3.28)vs(28.13±4.40)vs(17.93±2.60)mmol/L,P0.05]。与DM组比较,VO0.5、VO_2、VO+Ber组血管中膜结构和钙化情况改善,VO5组血管钙化情况改善但血管中膜出现明显裂隙。与DM组比较,VO_2、VO+Ber组TG、TC、LDL-C降低[(1.40±0.15)vs(0.86±0.22)vs(0.76±0.01)mmol/L,(3.11±0.33)vs(2.25±0.33)vs(2.01±0.23)mmol/L,(2.08±0.16)vs(1.55±0.15)vs(1.40±0.33)mmol/L,P0.05或P0.01],超氧化物歧化酶含量升高(P0.05),丙二醛含量降低(P0.01),VO+Ber组谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶含量升高[(216.97±34.38)vs(263.45±30.37)U/ml,P0.05]。结论 VO与Ber联用较单用VO降糖效果显著,对T1DM大鼠血管损伤产生保护作用,与其调节血脂紊乱并改善氧化应激水平能力密切相关。     

西格列汀通过调控自噬对2型糖尿病大鼠肝纤维化保护作用的研究

目的研究磷酸西格列汀对T2DM大鼠肝细胞自噬的影响。方法采用高脂、高糖饮食配合45mg/kg STZ饲喂法建立T2DM大鼠模型。建模成功后将大鼠随机分组,分别用10m/kg西格列汀灌胃(SGT组)、PBS灌胃(T2DM组)及10IU/(kg·d)胰岛素腹腔注射(ISL组)。PBS灌胃的正常大鼠作为正常对照组(NC)。12周后测定血糖水平。HE、Masson染色评估肝纤维化程度;TUNEL法检测肝细胞损伤状况;采用RT-PCR测定ATG3、ATG12、p62与Beclin1mRNA的表达;采用半定量Western blot测定ATG3、ATG12、p62,Beclin1和LC3B的蛋白水平。结果西格列汀治疗12周后,与T2DM组比较,SGT组血糖降低(P0.05)。HE、Masson染色结果表明,SGT组肝纤维化程度改善。与NC组比较,T2DM组肝组织中自噬相关基因变化差异无统计学意义;T2DM组中ATG3、ATG12、p62、Beclin1的mRNA的表达量分别为(0.82±0.12)、(0.66±0.03)、(0.12±0.01)和(0.52±0.02);SGT组中各基因表达量分别为(1.62±0.11)、(0.89±0.03)、(1.35±0.06)和(0.87±0.11),组间比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。半定量Western blot结果显示,SGT组肝组织中ATG3、ATG12、p62、Beclin1和LC3B蛋白的表达水平均增加。结论磷酸西格列汀可能通过促进肝组织自噬水平来减轻T2DM大鼠肝纤维化程度。     

黄芩素对糖尿病大鼠胰岛功能的影响及其机制探讨

目的 观察黄芩素对糖尿病大鼠血糖及胰岛细胞功能的影响,并初步探讨其可能的机制。方法 制备2型糖尿病大鼠模型。Wistar大鼠按随机数字表法随机分为正常对照组(NC组)、模型组(DM组)和黄芩素组(BAI组)。DM组及BAI组注射链脲佐菌素(STZ,25mg/kg)2次,间隔1周进行造模;NC组注射相应剂量柠檬酸盐缓冲液。造模成功后BAI组给予黄芩素250mg/kg灌胃;NC组及DM组用相同容量的生理盐水灌胃。每日灌胃1次,连续灌胃8周。检测各组大鼠的空腹血糖(FBG)及空腹血清胰岛素水平(FINS)水平。制备胰腺组织匀浆,测定胰腺组织中丙二醛(MDA)含量和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,同时以WesternBlot法测定各组cleavedCaspase-3的表达情况。结果 与NC组比较,DM组大鼠FBG水平、MDA含量及cleavedCaspase-3表达升高,FINS水平、SOD活性降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);与DM组比较,BAI组FBG水平、MDA含量及cleavedCaspase-3表达降低,FINS水平、SOD活性升高(P<0.05)。结论 黄芩素治疗能使糖尿病大鼠的血糖降低,并增加其胰岛细胞分泌胰岛素,其机制可能与黄芩素可降低胰腺氧化应激水平,抑制胰岛细胞凋亡有关。     

胡蓝降糖缓释片对2型糖尿病大鼠糖代谢及血液流变学的影响

目的探讨胡蓝降糖缓释片（TGE）对2型糖尿病大鼠糖代谢及血液流变学的影响。方法用高脂饲料饮食联合链脲佐菌素40 mg/kg腹腔注射建立2型糖尿病大鼠模型,将Wister大鼠随机分为二甲双胍组,TGE高、中、低剂量组,模型组和正常对照组,分别给予盐酸二甲双胍、TGE高（1.2 g/kg）、中（0.6 g/kg）、低剂量（0.3 g/kg）及生理盐水连续灌胃4周。给药期间每周测量体质量,每天记录饮水量和摄食量;实验结束后测定空腹血糖（FPG）和口服糖耐量。末次给药后禁食24 h,检测各组血液流变学指标。结果与模型组相比,TGE高、中剂量组FPG、饮水量、摄食量降低（P均〈0.01）;TGE高、中剂量组糖负荷后0.5、2 h,二甲双胍组糖负荷后0、0.5、2 h血糖和血糖曲线下面积下降（P〈0.05或〈0.01）;血液流变学各项指标明显好转（P均〈0.05）。结论 0.6及1.2 g/kg TGE对2型糖尿病大鼠糖代谢具有良好的调节作用,同时能改善其饮水、摄食状况及血液流变学指标。     

Empagliflozin, a novel potent and selective SGLT-2 inhibitor, improves glycaemic control alone and in combination with insulin in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, a model of type 1 diabetes mellitus

Aim: Sodium glucose cotransporter‐2 (SGLT‐2) is key to reabsorption of glucose in the kidney. SGLT‐2 inhibitors are in clinical development for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The mechanism may be of value also in the treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). This study investigated effects of the SGLT‐2 inhibitor, empagliflozin, alone and in combination with insulin, on glucose homeostasis in an animal model of T1DM. Methods: Sprague–Dawley rats were administered a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ; 60 mg/kg). Acutely, STZ rats received two doses of insulin glargine with or without empagliflozin, and blood glucose was measured. In a subchronic study, STZ rats received empagliflozin alone, one or two insulin‐releasing implants or a combination of one implant and empagliflozin over 28 days; blood glucose and HbA_1c were measured. Results: In the acute setting, empagliflozin in combination with 1.5 IU insulin induced a similar glucose‐lowering effect as 6 IU insulin. Both interventions were more efficacious than monotherapy with 1.5 IU insulin. In the subchronic study, 12‐h blood glucose profile on day 28 in the combination group was lower than with one implant, and similar to two implants. Plasma HbA_1c was improved in the combination group and in animals with two implants. Conclusions: Empagliflozin reduced blood glucose levels in a T1DM animal model. Empagliflozin combined with low‐dose insulin showed comparable glucose‐lowering efficacy to treatment with high‐dose insulin. Our data suggest that empagliflozin is an efficacious adjunctive‐to‐insulin therapy with the clinical potential for the treatment of T1DM.     

Effects of short-term application of low-dose growth hormone on trace element metabolism and blood glucose in surgical patients

AIM： To investigate the effects of short-term application of low-dose growth hormone on trace element metabolism and blood glucose in surgical patients METHODS： A total of 48 consecutive patients undergoing abdominal operations were randomized to receive either subcutaneous rhGH （0.15 IU/kg） or placebo （menstruum） injections daily for 7 d after surgery. The two groups had similar nutrition intake. Blood, feces, urine and drain samples were collected to measure zincum, cuprum and ferrum as well as glucose levels. Accumulative intake, excretion and balance of zincum, cuprum and ferrum, apparent absorption （AA） and apparent utilization （AU） of zincum, cuprum and ferrum, blood glucose levels and adverse events were estimated. RESULTS： There were no differences in accumulative intake and drain excretion between the two groups. The feces excretion and accumulative excretion of cuprum were lower in the rhGH group （P 〈 0.05）. The urinary excretion of zincum, cuprum and ferrum was all significantly decreased in the rhGH group （P 〈 0.05） and the accumulative balance of zincum, cuprum and ferrum was improved compared with the placebo group （P 〈 0.05）. AA of cuprum in the rhGH group was almost twice as much as the placebo group （P 〈 0.05）, and AU of zincum, cuprum and ferrum was all improved in the rhGH group （P 〈 0.05）. The mean blood glucose level was significantly higher in the rhGH group than in the placebo group from d 3 to d 6 after operation （P 〈 0.05）.improves the retention of zincum, cuprum and ferrum and decreases the excretion of zincum, cuprum and ferrum, improves the balance of zincum, cuprum and ferrum, and promotes the AA and AU of zincum, cuprum and ferrum, rhGH can be well tolerated without significant adverse effects and the blood glucose level can be well controlled.     

The adverse effects of chronic low-dose exposure to nonylphenol on type 2 diabetes mellitus in high sucrose-high fat diet-treated rats

Objectives: Although it has been shown that exposure to environmental endocrine disruptors (EDCs) has been implicated as a potential risk factor for metabolic disease, information on adverse effect of chronic low-dose exposure to nonylphenol (NP), on the development and progress of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is scarce. NP, as an EDC, is a ubiquitous degradation product of nonylphenol polyethoxylate (NPE) that is primarily used in cleaning and industrial processes. Method: Eighty Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned into 8 groups (n = 10 per group): rats fed a normal-diet (ND) as the control (C-ND); rats fed a normal diet and were gavaged with NP at a dose level of 0.02 μg/kg/day (NP-L-ND), 0.2 μg/kg/day (NP-M-ND) or 2 μg/kg/day (NP-H-ND), respectively; rats fed a high-sucrose/high-fat diet (HSHFD) as the HSHFD control (C-HSHFD); rats fed a HSHFD and were gavaged with NP at a dose level of 0.02 μg/kg/day (NP-L-HSHFD), 0.2 μg/kg/day (NP-M-HSHFD) or 2 μg/kg/day (NP-H-HSHFD), respectively. Result: On day 180, the rats in the groups treated with NP-M-HSHFD and NP-H-HSHFD showed significant increases in body weight (p < 0.05) in comparison with the C-ND group. Fast blood glucose (FBG) level in the NP-M-HSHFD and NP-H-HSHFD groups was higher than that in the C-ND group (F = 96.17, p < 0.001). The fast serum insulin (FINS) level of rats was lower in both the NP-M-HSHFD and NP-H-HSHFD groups compared with the C-ND group (F = 145.56, p < 0.001). Serum leptin (LEP) level in both the NP-M-HSHFD and NP-H-HSHFD groups was lower when compared with the C-ND group (F = 34.62, p < 0.001). The effect of NP at the dose level of 0.2 μg/kg/day on FBG, serum FINS and LEP levels in rats was greatest among the treatment groups (p < 0.05). Oral glucose tolerance test showed increased area under the curve (AUC) in treatment groups at week 12 (p < 0.05). A decrease of pancreatic islet numbers and size was exhibited in the pancreatic tissue of NP-M-HSHFD and NP-H-HSHFD treated rats compared with C-ND treated rats. Co-exposure to NP and HSHFD causes inflammatory changes histologically. Conclusion: Chronic low-dose exposure to NP might induce impaired glucose tolerance, which further lead to insulin resistance, and pancreatic β cell insulin secretion deficiency, ultimately increase the risk of T2DM. Moreover, additive toxic effects of NP and HSHFD on pancreatic beta-cell function and glucose metabolism have been identified in rats as well.     

Effects of a pulsatile electrostatic field on ischemic injury to the diabetic foot: Evaluation of refractory ulcers

AimsThe macro- and microcirculation disease, in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), induces ischemic wounds of the lower limbs. We have tried to reduce the aggregation of red blood cells and to improve the O₂ supply to the tissues and speed the healing of ulcers in T2DM patients.MethodsWe enrolled 25 obese subjects without glucose intolerance (group A; BMI greater than 30 kg/m²), 20 obese adults intolerant to glucose (group B) and two subgroups, groups C and D, with T2DM and with leg ulcers. The groups A, B and C were treated with PESF. Body weight, O₂ extraction, the capillary pulse, blood pressure and the surface of the ulcers were monitored.ResultsThe technique PESF shows to have positive effects on the metabolism, on the reduction of body weight in the groups A and B, increasing extraction of O₂ in group C and increase the speed of healing of wounds in group C compared to group D. In group A, there was a significant reduction in systolic and diastolic blood pressure.ConclusionsThe technique PESF has affected the metabolic processes and the speed of wound healing ulcer in patients with T2DM.     

滋肾清肝方对2型糖尿病胰岛素抵抗大鼠糖脂代谢的影响

目的 探讨滋肾清肝方对2型糖尿病大鼠糖脂代谢的影响.方法 大鼠高糖高脂饲料喂养4周后,腹腔注射30 mg/kg链脲佐菌素建立2型糖尿病大鼠模型,并随机分为糖尿病模型对照组、滋肾清肝方低剂量组[灌胃（ig） 250 mg/（kg·d）]、中剂量组[ig 500 mg/（kg·d）]、高剂量组[ig 750 mg/（kg·d）]及罗格列酮治疗组[ig 4mg/（kg ·d）].以滋肾清肝方低、中、高剂量持续给药30 d后测空腹血糖、血脂、糖化血红蛋白、胰岛素水平并行口服糖耐量试验.结果 与模型组比较,应用滋肾清肝方大鼠空腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白、甘油三酯、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白及糖耐量试验中糖负荷后120 min血糖显著降低（P均＜0.05）,高密度脂蛋白和胰岛素、胰岛素敏感指数显著升高（P均＜0.05）.结论 滋肾清肝方能有效地降低2型糖尿病模型大鼠的血糖,改善脂代谢紊乱.     

Eugenosedin-A improves glucose metabolism and inhibits MAPKs expression in streptozotocin/nicotinamide-induced diabetic rats

This study examined the effects of eugenosedin-A (Eu-A) in a streptozotocin (STZ)/nicotinamide-induced rat model of type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Six-week-old Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: (1) RD group, normal rats fed a regular diet (RD), (2) DM group, T2DM rats fed a high-fat diet, and (3) Eu-A group, T2DM rats fed a high fat diet plus oral Eu-A (5 mg/kg/day). After 30 days, the DM group had higher body weight, higher blood glucose and lower insulin levels than the RD group. The DM group also had increased protein expression of glycogen synthase kinase (GSK) in liver and skeletal muscle and decreased protein expression of insulin receptor (IR), insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), IRS-2, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), glucose transporter-4 (GLUT-4), glucokinase (GCK), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ). STZ/nicotinamide-induced T2DM increased the expression of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs: p38, ERK, JNK) and inflammatory p65 protein. In the Eu-A treated T2DM rats, however, blood glucose was attenuated and the insulin concentration stimulated. Changes in IR, IRS-1 and IRS-2 proteins as well as AMPK, GLUT-4, GCK, GSK, PPAR-γ, MAPKs, and inflammatory p65 proteins were ameliorated. These results suggested that Eu-A alleviates STZ/nicotinamide-induced hyperglycemia by improving insulin levels and glucose metabolism, and inhibiting the MAPKs- and p65-mediated inflammatory pathway.     

Effect of Kaiyu Qingwei Jianji on the morphometry and residual strain distribution of small intestine in experimental diabetic rats

INTRODUCTION Dysfunction of upper gastrointestinal tract (GI) is common among diabetic patients[1]. As many as 75% of patients visiting diabetes clinics report significant GI Symptoms[2,3]. Common complaints include dysphagia, early satiety, reflux, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea[2,3]. As with other complications of diabetes, the duration of the disorder and poor glycemic control seem to be associated with more severe GI problems[2,3]. Histologically, many experiments h…