Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in retired National Football League players

The National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health mortality study of National Football League (NFL) players concluded that retired NFL linemen have an increased risk of cardiovascular death compared with both nonlinemen and the general population. Though elevated body mass index contributed to the increased cardiac risk of linemen, it could not fully account for the mortality observed, suggesting that other unmeasured cardiovascular risk factors were involved. We performed a cross-sectional prevalence study of metabolic syndrome (MS), and its individual component criteria, in 510 retired NFL players who were recruited to multicity health screenings from February 2004 through June 2006. The International Diabetes Federation criteria were used to define MS. The MS component criteria of body mass index>30 kg/m2, reduced high-density lipoprotein, and raised fasting glucose were more prevalent in linemen compared with nonlinemen (85.4% vs 50.3%, p<0.001; 42.1% vs 32.7%, p=0.04; 60.4% vs 37.6%, p<0.001, respectively). Metabolic syndrome was more prevalent in linemen compared with nonlinemen (59.8% vs 30.1%, p<0.001). In conclusion, linemen exhibited a high prevalence of MS, almost double the prevalence of their nonlinemen counterparts. These findings may partially explain the increased risk for cardiovascular death observed in retired linemen and could have significant public health implications for preprofessional training regimens and postprofessional health maintenance.     

Association between hematological parameters and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The ability of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to reverse atherosclerosis and reduce cardiovascular disease has been shown in several randomized controlled trials. One mechanism by which high-density lipoprotein cholesterol protects the vascular system includes hemorheology, the study of blood flow. RECENT FINDINGS: Blood viscosity, or the resistance of flow, can be altered by red blood cell aggregation, red blood cell deformability, and plasma viscosity. Elevated high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels may improve all of these rheological mediators. An infusion of recombinant high-density lipoprotein cholesterol can immediately release nitric oxide, a potent vasodilator and responder to changes in rheology, into the arteries by activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase. The stimulation of nitric oxide release by high-density lipoprotein cholesterol may also alter blood rheology. SUMMARY: In this article, we will review hemorheology, particularly blood viscosity along with other hemorheological factors, and examine their association with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.     

Association between serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and body composition in adult men

The relationships between measurements of body composition and fasting serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were assessed in 357 men aged 30 to 59 years. The sum of six skinfolds (triceps, biceps, subscapular, suprailiac, abdominal and medial calf), body density through underwater body weighing, lean body mass (kg), body-fat mass, and percent body fat, all three derived from the Siri equation, were obtained. Effects of age, sex, alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking, socioeconomic status, triglycerides, total cholesterol and current energy expenditure were statistically removed through multiple regression procedures. HDL-C was significantly associated with weight, weight/height, weight/height11, weight/height16, body density, body-fat mass, sum of six skinfolds, but not with height alone or lean body mass. These results suggest that, among the body composition measurements, the adipose component is the major contributor to the low but significant association between HDL-C and weight.     

颈动脉粥样硬化斑块炎性反应程度与血清胆红素水平的相关性研究

目的探讨颈动脉粥样硬化斑块炎性反应程度与血清胆红素水平的相关性及临床意义。方法选取颈动脉粥样硬化患者30例,应用正电子发射断层显像,计算颈动脉斑块局部反射性活度标准化靶-本底比,定量患者颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的炎性反应程度;通过全自动生化分析仪检测其血清总胆红素、直接胆红素、间接胆红素和其他心脑血管的危险因素指标。采用Pearson相关分析及多重线性回归分析患者颈动脉粥样硬化斑块炎性反应程度与血清胆红素水平的相关性。结果 Pearson相关分析显示,患者颈动脉斑块反射性活度标准化靶-本底比值与体质量指数(r=-0.380,P=0.038)、载脂蛋白B(r=0.392,P=0.032)、载脂蛋白B/载脂蛋白A-Ⅰ(r=-0.534,P=0.002)和直接胆红素(r=-0.535,P=0.002)存在相关性。多重线性回归分析校正相关危险因素后,反射性活度标准化靶-本底比值仅与直接胆红素相关(β=-0.257,P=0.002)。结论血清中直接胆红素水平与颈动脉斑块的炎性程度存在独立的负性相关性。     

Association between plasma homocysteine concentration and carotid atherosclerosis in hemodialysis patients.

Accelerated atherosclerosis is a major risk for uremic patients undergoing long-term hemodialysis. Because hyperhomocysteinemia may influence this condition, 168 such patients were examined for a possible association between plasma total homocysteine concentration (tHcy) and conventional cardiovascular risk factors. Generalized atherosclerosis was indicated by excessive intimal-medial wall thickness (IMT) of the extracranial carotid artery as measured by B-mode ultrasonography. The results documented tHcy in these patients of 33.0+/-16.9 micromol/L, a significantly higher amount than that of healthy subjects (11.0+/-3.1 micromol/L, p<0.0001). The patients' carotid maximum IMT was 1.79+/-1.16 mm. In multiple regression analyses with forward elimination procedure, carotid maximum IMT was clearly related to age (r = 0.417, p<0.0001), systolic blood pressure (r = 0.262, p = 0.0043), smoking (r = 0.177, p = 0.0076), duration of hemodialysis (r = 0.083, p = 0.0045), and tHcy (r = 0.195, p = 0.0021). These 5 factors accounted for 36.0% of the variation in carotid maximum IMT. Factors determined as unrelated were male gender, diastolic blood pressure, body mass index, total and HDL cholesterol, triglyceride, lipoprotein(a), uric acid, calcium, inorganic phosphate, and parathyroid hormone. Therefore hyperhomocysteinemia, along with advanced age, systolic hypertension and smoking aggravates atherosclerosis in chronic uremic patients.     

Remnant-like lipoprotein particle cholesterol concentration and progression of coronary and vein-graft atherosclerosis in response to gemfibrozil treatment.

Remnant lipoproteins such as chylomicron and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) remnants have been implicated in the progression of coronary atherosclerosis. Recently, a novel method for the determination of the remnant-like lipoprotein particle cholesterol (RLP-C) concentration was developed based on immunoaffinity-separation of plasma. The compositional characteristics of RLP are strikingly similar to those of postprandially modified VLDL. In addition, the method also detects chylomicron remnants. We investigated the relationship between the plasma RLP-C concentration and the angiographic outcome of the 2-year, randomised, placebo-controlled Lipid Coronary Angiography Trial (LOCAT), which used gemfibrozil as lipid lowering agent. The RLP-C response to gemfibrozil treatment has not been described before. Gemfibrozil reduced the median RLP-C concentration by 34%. The on-treatment RLP-C concentration was significantly associated with the progression of the minimum lumen diameter (MLD) (P<0.004). The plasma levels of RLP-C as well as the change in response to treatment was closely associated with plasma triglycerides and the association between on-treatment RLP-C concentration and progression of MLD was not independent of plasma triglycerides. A significant relation was seen between RLP-C and the occurrence of new lesions in vein grafts. Subjects with one new lesion had an approximately 25% higher on-treatment RLP-C concentration and the four patients showing two new lesions had a 100% higher RLP-C concentration than patients without vein graft stenosis. A total of 19 out of 23 subjects having one new lesion, and all four patients showing two new lesions, were assigned to the placebo group. We conclude that the RLP-C concentration, which is likely to reflect the plasma cholesterol contained in postprandially modified VLDL and chylomicron remnants, is strongly associated with angiographically verified progression of focal coronary atherosclerosis, and that lowering of RLPs prevents vein graft stenosis.     

非高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平与新疆维吾尔族绝经后女性非酒精性脂肪性肝病的关系

目的探讨非高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(non-HDL-C)水平与新疆维吾尔族绝经后女性非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)的关系。方法选取2014年7月-2015年8月在新疆乌鲁木齐市第一附属医院和新疆喀什地区第一人民医院体检中心健康体检的1271例绝经后维吾尔族女性为研究对象,以是否患有NAFLD将其分为NAFLD组(682例)和对照组(589例),详细测量并记录研究对象人口学资料并测定肝脏酶学指标、糖脂代谢、尿酸及non-HDL-C等指标。计量资料组间比较采用t检验,计数资料组间比较采用χ2检验,采用非条件Logistic回归分析影响绝经后女性发生NAFLD的危险因素。结果 NAFLD组血清尿酸、空腹血糖、甘油三酯(TG)、糖化血红蛋白、ALT、AST、腰围、臀围、BMI、腰臀比、non-HDL-C水平均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P值均0.05);而HDL-C与脂联素水平较对照组低,差异均有统计学意义(P值均0.05)。non-HDL-C3.58 mmol/L组空腹血糖、总胆固醇、TG、AST、ALT、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平显著低于non-HDL-C≥3.58 mmol/L组,差异均有统计学意义(P值均0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,non-HDL-C、血清尿酸和BMI是绝经期女性NAFLD的危险因素。结论除了向心性肥胖、高甘油三酯血症、高尿酸血症是NAFLD的危险因素外,non-HDL-C水平亦是绝经后女性患非酒精性脂肪肝的主要危险因素。     

Relation of cholesterol and lipoprotein parameters with carotid artery plaque characteristics: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) carotid MRI study

Objective

There is a paucity of data regarding relations of apolipoproteins (apolipoprotein B [ApoB] and apolipoprotein A-1 [Apo A-1]), lipoprotein particle measures (low-density lipoprotein particle concentration [LDLp] and high-density lipoprotein particle concentration [HDLp]), and lipoprotein cholesterol measures (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C], non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [non-HDL-C], and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C]) with atherosclerotic plaque burden, plaque eccentricity, and lipid-rich core presence as a marker of high-risk plaques.

Methods

Carotid artery magnetic resonance imaging was performed in 1670 Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study participants. Vessel wall and lipid cores were measured; normalized wall index (NWI), standard deviation (SD) of wall thickness (measure of plaque eccentricity) were calculated; and lipid cores were detected in vessels with ≥1.5 mm thickness. Fasting concentrations of cholesterol, ApoB and Apo A-1, and LDLp and HDLp were measured.

Results

Measures of plaque burden (carotid wall volume, wall thickness, and NWI) were positively associated with atherogenic cholesterol and lipoproteins (p < 0.05 for total cholesterol, LDL-C, non-HDL-C, ApoB, and LDLp), but not with HDL-C, Apo A-1, or HDLp. SD of wall thickness was associated with total cholesterol (p 0.01) and non-HDL-C (p 0.02). Although measures of atherogenic or anti-atherogenic cholesterol or lipoprotein were not individually associated with detection of a lipid-rich core, their ratios (total cholesterol/HDL-C, non-HDL-C/HDL-C, and LDLp/HDLp) were associated with lipid-rich core presence (p ≤ 0.05).

Conclusion

Extent of carotid atherosclerosis is associated with atherogenic cholesterol and lipoproteins. Atherogenic/anti-atherogenic cholesterol or particle ratios were associated with presence of a detectable lipid-rich core.     

Serum adiponectin is associated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein particle size in young healthy men

The chromosomal localization of adiponectin has been found to be mapped to human chromosome 1q21.4-1q23, a region that was identified as a susceptibility locus for familial combined hyperlipidemia and polygenic type 2 diabetes. As these 2 disorders are associated with low high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, high triglycerides, and insulin resistance (IR), we examined the relation of serum adiponectin concentrations to serum lipid and lipoprotein profiles as well as IR in young healthy men. Serum adiponectin levels were positively associated with HDL-cholesterol, apolipoprotein (apo) A1, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particle size, and negatively associated with triglycerides and apo B. Negative associations were also found between adiponectin and body mass index (BMI), percent body fat, and IR,as determined by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA). However, after adjustment for BMI, no significant associations were found between adiponectin and LDL particle size and apo B. In a multiple regression analysis including all variables that showed significant univariate associations with adiponectin, associations of adiponectin with HDL-cholesterol (beta = 0.079, P =.0009), percent body fat (beta = -0.165, P =.002), and serum leptin (beta = -0.291, P =.01) were statistically significant. HDL-cholesterol (beta = 0.077, P =.001), percent body fat (beta = -0.078, P =.03), and LDL size (beta = 0.092, P =.03) emerged as significant and independent determinants of adiponectin after HOMA IR, fasting glucose, triglycerides, and systolic blood pressure (BP) were taken into account. Together, these variables explained 19% of adiponectin variability in the 2 models. HOMA IR did not emerge as a determinant of adiponectin in both models. These findings suggest that in young healthy men hypoadiponectinemia is more closely related to adiposity and dyslipidemia than IR.     

Serum folate modified the association between low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and carotid intima-media thickness in Chinese hypertensive adults

Background and aimsWhile folate is known for its importance in cardiovascular health, it is unknown whether folate status can modify the association between low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT). We aimed to investigate this question in a Chinese hypertensive population, who are at high-risk of low folate and atherosclerosis.Methods and resultsThis report included 14,970 hypertensive adults (mean age 64.5 years; 40.3% male) from the China Stroke Primary Prevention Trial (CSPPT) and analyzed the fasting serum LDL-C and folate, and CIMT data obtained at the last follow-up visit. LDL-C was calculated using the Friedewald equation. Serum folate levels were measured by chemiluminescent immunoassay. CIMT was measured by ultrasound. Non-parametric smoothing plots, multivariate linear regression analysis, subgroup analyses and interaction testing were performed to examine the LDL-C–CIMI relationship and effect modification by folate. Consistent with graphic plots, multivariate linear regression showed that LDL-C levels were independently and positively associated with CIMT (β = 7.69, 95%CI: 5.76–9.62). More importantly, the relationship between LDL-C and CIMT was significantly attenuated with increasing serum folate levels (1st tertile: β = 10.06, 95%CI: 6.67–13.46; 2nd tertile: β = 6.81, 95%CI: 3.55–10.07; 3rd tertile: β = 5.96, 95%CI: 2.55–9.36; P-interaction = 0.045). Subgroup analyses showed the association between LDL-C and CIMT across serum folate tertiles was robust among various strata (all P-interaction >0.05).ConclusionsAmong Chinese hypertensive adults, the serum folate levels could modify the association between LDL-C and CIMT. Our findings, if further confirmed, have important clinical implications.     

Association between monocyte count to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and mortality in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis

Background and aimsPrevious studies had demonstrated that elevated monocyte count to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (MHR), a novel marker of inflammation, was associated with higher cardiovascular events and mortality in patients with pre-dialysis chronic kidney disease, diabetes, and coronary heart disease. However, the association between MHR and mortality in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD) has received little attention. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between MHR and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in PD patients.Methods and resultsIn this single center retrospective cohort study, PD patients who had catheter insertion in our PD center from January 1, 2006 to December 31, 2016 were enrolled. All patients were divided into three groups according to the tertiles of baseline MHR levels and followed up until December 31, 2018. The associations of MHR levels with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality were assessed by using Cox proportional hazards models. Of 1584 patients, mean age was 46.02 ± 14.65 years, 60.1% were male, and 24.2% had diabetes. The mean MHR level was 0.39 ± 0.23. During a median follow up time of 45.6 (24.6–71.8) months, 349 patients died, and 181 deaths were caused by cardiovascular disease. After adjusting for confounders, the highest MHR tertile was significantly associated with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality with a hazard ratio of 1.43 (95%CI = 1.06–1.93, P = 0.019), 1.54 (95%CI = 1.01–2.35, P = 0.046), respectively.ConclusionHigher MHR level was an independent risk factor for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in PD patients.     

Association between a functional variant of the KLOTHO gene and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, blood pressure, stroke, and longevity

We previously identified a functional variant of KLOTHO, termed KL-VS, that is associated with human aging and early-onset occult coronary artery disease. Here, we determine whether the KL-VS allele influences cardiovascular disease risk factors, cardiovascular events, and ultimately, mortality. A total of 525 Ashkenazi Jews composed of 216 probands (age > or =95 years) and 309 unrelated individuals (ages 51 to 94) were genotyped for the KL-VS allele. In concordance with our previous data in Czech individuals (age > or =79; P<0.01), a heterozygous advantage for longevity was observed for individuals > or =79 years of age (P<0.004). Combined analysis indicates a 1.57-fold (95% CI, 1.23 to 1.98) increased odds ratio (OR) for 5-year survival in two independent populations (P<0.0002). Cardiovascular disease risk factors were assessed through multivariate regression analysis, demonstrating that high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C; P<0.05) and systolic blood pressure (SBP; P<0.008) are associated with KL-VS genotype. History of vascular events was analyzed using logistic regression, indicating that after adjustment for traditional risk factors, heterozygous individuals were at significantly lower risk for stroke than wild-type individuals (OR, 5.88; 95% CI, 1.18 to 29.41), whereas homozygous KL-VS individuals had the highest risk (OR, 30.65; 95% CI, 2.55 to 368.00). Similarly, prospective analysis of mortality in probands using Cox regression indicates that wild-type individuals have a 2.15-fold (95% CI, 1.18 to 3.91) and homozygous KL-VS individuals a 4.49-fold (95% CI, 1.35 to 14.97) increase in relative risk for mortality after adjusting for potential confounders. Thus, cross-sectional and prospective studies confirm a genetic model in which the KL-VS allele confers a heterozygous advantage in conjunction with a marked homozygous disadvantage for HDL-C levels, SBP, stroke, and longevity.     

甘油三酯/高密度脂蛋白胆固醇比值与缺血性脑卒中患者颈动脉斑块不稳定性的相关性

目的探讨缺血性脑卒中(IS)患者甘油三酯/高密度脂蛋白胆固醇比值(TG/HDLC)与颈动脉斑块不稳定性的相关性。方法回顾性纳入2019年1月—2020年1月期间在保定市第一中心医院神经内科就诊的急性IS患者594例。所有研究对象均行超声检查了解颈动脉斑块情况,并依据超声结果将研究对象分为无斑块组(105例)、稳定性斑块组(63例)、不稳定性斑块组(426例)。全自动生化分析仪检测常规生物化学指标及各血脂指标,比较各组的危险因素、生物化学指标及血脂的差异。采用多变量Logistic回归分析评估颈动脉斑块不稳定性的影响因素,并计算优势比(OR)及95%可信区间(95%CI)。采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析TG/HDLC对颈动脉斑块不稳定性的预测价值。结果594例IS患者中,无颈动脉狭窄105例,有颈动脉狭窄489例,其中轻度狭窄439例,中度狭窄20例,重度狭窄30例。不稳定性斑块组的男性、体质指数(BMI)、吸烟史、饮酒史、血红蛋白、TG/HDLC高于稳定性斑块组,年龄、HDLC低于稳定性斑块组(P<0.05)。多变量Logistic回归分析显示,TG/HDLC是颈动脉斑块不稳定性的独立危险因素(OR 1.618,95%CI 1.027~2.551,P=0.038)。ROC曲线分析显示,TG/HDLC预测颈动脉斑块不稳定性的曲线下面积为0.619(95%CI 0.542~0.696),最佳截断值为1.60,灵敏度为35.4%,特异度为84.1%。结论TG/HDLC是IS患者颈动脉斑块不稳定性的独立危险因素,对颈动脉不稳定性斑块有一定预测价值。     

Low-density lipoprotein particle size, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol as risk factors for coronary heart disease in older Japanese-American men

Decreased low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particle size is associated with coronary heart disease (CHD) risk among middle-aged Caucasian populations, and has been consistently correlated with increased plasma levels of triglyceride and decreased levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. This study examines whether these risk factors predict CHD among older Japanese-American men. With use of the Honolulu Heart Program Lipoprotein Exam 3 (1980 to 1982) as baseline, and 12-year follow-up for CHD events, a nested, case-control study was designed. One hundred forty-five incident CHD cases were identified and matched to 2 controls each. LDL particle diameter (size) was determined by gradient gel electrophoresis. A 10-angstrom (A) decrease in LDL size at baseline was associated with increased risk of incident CHD (relative risk 1.28, 95% confidence interval 1.01 to 1.63). After adjustment for baseline risk factors, the LDL size association was no longer statistically significant (relative risk 1.13, 95% confidence interval 0.86 to 1.49). When principal components analysis was used to define a composite variable for LDL size, triglycerides, and HDL cholesterol, this component predicted CHD independent of smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, body mass index, hypertension, diabetes, and beta-blocker use (p <0.01). Therefore, this prospective analysis of data from older, Japanese-American men demonstrated that decreased LDL size is a univariate predictor of incident CHD, and that a composite risk factor of LDL size, triglyceride, and HDL cholesterol was a risk factor for CHD independent of other risk factors.     

Association between past infection with Chlamydia pneumoniae and body mass index, low-density lipoprotein particle size and fasting insulin

BACKGROUND: Chlamydia pneumoniae infection has been linked to the development of coronary heart disease (CHD), but its relationship to CHD risk factors is less clear. OBJECTIVE: To determine the relationship between past infection with C. pneumoniae and risk factors for CHD, including body weight amongst subjects with and without CHD. METHODS: Antibodies to C. pneumoniae and a range of CHD risk factors were determined in 170 subjects, of whom 43 had recent onset angina. Anthropometric, haemodynamic, lipid and metabolic measurements were obtained and related to antibody status in univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS: IgG seropositive (n = 62) did not differ from seronegative subjects in age but were significantly heavier (26.6 +/- 0.4 vs 25.5 +/- 0.3 kg/m2, P = 0.02). The prevalence of seropositivity was similar for subjects with and without CHD and for those with or without hypertension. Subjects with fasting insulin levels greater and those with LDL diameters below the median also had a significantly higher prevalence of seropositivity (45.3 vs 27.3%, P = 0.015 and 45.0 vs 29.4%, P = 0.045 respectively). However in multivariate analysis only body mass index remained significant (P < 0.05). Results were not explained by differences in socioeconomic class. CONCLUSION: Although the study has failed to find a greater prevalence of antibodies to C. pneumoniae amongst subjects with recent onset angina there were associations with a number of cardiovascular risk factors. An increase in body weight appears to underlie these relationships.     

Association between very low density lipoprotein cholesterol and cholesterol absorption synthesis markers in patients with moderate and high risk of coronary heart disease

<正>Objective To evaluate the association between very low density lipoprotein cholesterol(VLDL-C)and cholesterol absorption and synthesis markers in patients with moderate and high risk of coronary heart disease.Methods A total of 363 statin-naive patients with moderate and high risk of coronary heart disease were consecutively recruited from two hospitals in Shanxi and Henan provinces     

45岁及以上高血压患者醛固酮与颈动脉粥样硬化关系研究

目的探讨45岁以上高血压患者血清醛固酮浓度(PAC)与颈动脉粥样硬化(CA)的关系。方法连续入选新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院高血压中心住院的45岁以上高血压患者126例,根据颈动脉超声检查结果分为CA组(74例)和无CA组(52例)。测定患者常规及分别立、坐、卧2 h后的PAC。用简单相关分析两组双侧颈动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT)与常规及三体位的PAC相关性。采用Logistic回归分析CA与常规及三体位的PAC关系。结果 CA组的常规PAC(rs=0.361,P=0.003)与双侧颈内动脉IMT均值呈正相关;Logistic回归分析显示,校正了年龄、性别、高血压病程、吸烟、饮酒、血压升高程度、糖尿病及脂质代谢紊乱等相关混杂因素后,坐位PAC(OR=1.126,95%CI1.005～1.261,P=0.04)、常规PAC(OR=1.147,95%CI 1.008～1.304,P=0.037)与CA独立相关。结论坐位及常规PAC可能是CA形成的独立危险因素。     

高密度脂蛋白颗粒大小与青年冠心病无症状性心肌缺血的关系

目的 探讨高密度脂蛋白(HDL)颗粒大小与青年冠心病无症状性心肌缺血(SMI)的相关性。方法 共纳入469例青年冠心病患者,其中无症状性心肌缺血组194例(SMI组,n=194),有症状性心肌缺血组275例(non-SMI组,n=275)。收集患者的一般资料,检测血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDLC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDLC)、载脂蛋白A1(ApoA1)水平及相关生化指标。计算HDL颗粒大小的量化指标HDLC/ApoA1,以及相关脂质参数TC/HDLC、non-HDLC、TG/HDLC、LDLC/HDLC。应用多因素Logistic回归分析明确HDL颗粒大小(HDLC/ApoA1)与青年冠心病SMI发生的关系。结果 与non-SMI组比较,SMI组患者血清TC、尿酸、LDLC、LDLC/HDLC、TC/HDLC、non-HDL水平偏低,HDLC、ApoA1、HDLC/ApoA1值更大(均P＜0.05)。相关分析结果显示,HDL颗粒大小(HDLC/ApoA1)与Gensini积分呈负相关(r=－0.405,P＜0.05)。多因素分析显示,HDL颗粒大小(HDLC/ApoA1)是青年冠心病患者SMI的独立预测因子(OR=0.697,95%CI:0.233~0.910,P=0.007)。受试者工作特征曲线显示,以0.36为HDL颗粒大小(HDLC/ApoA1)临界值预测青年冠心病SMI发生的灵敏度为92.1%,特异度为75.5%。结论 HDL颗粒大小(HDLC/ApoA1)与青年冠心病SMI患者冠状动脉病变严重程度呈负相关,对青年冠心病SMI具有较强的预测价值。