特异性引物PCR鉴定鸡球虫种类与卵囊纯度的研究

为了建立鸡球虫种类的快速分子生物学鉴定方法,检测实验室保存虫株受污染状况,分别对单卵囊分离繁殖及实验室长期传代保存的6株巨型艾美耳球虫（EMSH01、EM4101、EMES01、EMBA01、EMTY01和EMTO01）、4株柔嫩艾美耳球虫（ETDS01、ETGD01、ETAD和ETAM）、1株堆形艾美耳球虫（EA1201）、1株变位艾美耳球虫（EMIS01）、1株毒害艾美耳球虫（ENGD01）收集卵囊,纯化、提取总DNA,根据巨型艾美耳球虫、柔嫩艾美耳球虫、堆形艾美耳球虫的RAPD和SCAR分子标记、ITS-1区序列分别设计Tn-F与Tn-R、Mx-F与Mx-R、Ac-F与Ac-R、ET-1与ET-2、EM-1与EM-2、EA-1与EA-2等6对特异性引物,对13个虫株分别进行PCR扩增,1%琼脂糖电泳分析片段大小.结果显示：用引物Tn-F与Tn-R、ET-1与ET-2对ETDS01、ETGD01、ETAD、ETAM、EMTO01扩增出特异性条带,其余4种8个虫株未见条带;用引物Mx-F与Mx-R、EM-1与EM-2对EMSH01、EM4101、EMES01、EMBA01、EMTY01和EMTO01扩增出特异性条带,其余4种7个虫株未见条带;用引物Ac-F与Ac-R、EA-1与EA-2对EA1201扩增出特异性条带,其余4种12个虫株未见条带.结果说明特异性引物PCR方法鉴定的5种球虫与原常规生物学方法鉴定的结果一致,检测出保存的巨型艾美耳球虫EMTO01虫株受柔嫩艾美耳球虫污染,其余虫株未发现交叉污染.研究证明利用特异性引物建立的PCR方法可用于鸡球虫种类与卵囊纯度的鉴定.     

Remodelling of nasal mucosa in mild and severe persistent allergic rhinitis with special reference to the distribution of collagen,proteoglycans, and lymphatic vessels

Background Small leucine‐rich repeat proteoglycans (decorin, biglycan, and lumican), collagen, and lymphangiogenesis are involved in tissue remodelling of various organs with inflammatory diseases. Objective We determined the expression level and the distribution pattern of small leucine‐rich repeat proteoglycans (decorin, biglycan, and lumican), collagen and lymphatic vessels in healthy, mild, and severe persistent allergic nasal mucosa. Methods The distribution pattern of collagen, proteoglycans, and lymphatic vessels in healthy, mild, and severe persistent allergic nasal mucosa was evaluated by the van Gieson staining, immunohistochemistry, RT‐PCR, and Western blotting. Quantitative analyses of collagen deposition were calculated as the median of the total percentage area in the tissue specimen. For the evaluation of proteoglycans, the percentage area stained and median optical density were measured for each image. Lymphatic vessels were identified by D2‐40 antibody and calculated using the lymphatic vessel density and endothelial length density in tissue specimens. The expression of MMP 2 and 9, TIMP1 and 2 was evaluated with RT‐PCR and Western blotting. Results In mild and severe persistent allergic nasal mucosa, compared with healthy nasal mucosa, collagen showed more intense staining in the superficial and submucosal layer. In healthy and allergic nasal mucosa, decorin was lightly stained without significant differences in the percentage area and optical density of staining. However, lumican and biglycan showed strong immunoreactivity in mild and severe persistent allergic nasal mucosa, which was verified by Western blotting. The number and endothelial length density of lymphatic vessels were increased in mild and severe persistent allergic nasal mucosa compared with healthy nasal mucosa. The expression of MMP 9 was increased in severe persistent allergic rhinitis. Conclusion and Clinical Relevance These results suggest that the altered distribution pattern of collagen, proteoglycans, and lymphatic vessels could potentially modulate the remodelling of nasal mucosa in mild and severe persistent allergic nasal mucosa. Cite this as: T. H. Kim, J. Y. Lee, H. M. Lee, S. H. Lee, W. S. Cho, Y. H. Ju, E. H. Park, K. W. Kim and S. H. Lee, Clinical & Experimental Allergy, 2010 (40) 1742–1754.     

青藏铁路格尔木至唐古拉山段的重要吸血双翅目昆虫的分布与活动规律

本文以人帐诱、畜诱、灯诱和网捕等方法研究了青海高原格尔木至唐古拉山铁路沿线重要吸血双翅目昆虫的分布与活动规律。结果共发现吸血双翅目昆虫4科8属52种,其中蚊科3属9种,蠓科2属24种,虻科4属10种和蚋科1属9种。优势种在沱沱河地区为沱沱河细蠓,纳赤台地区为沱沱河细蠓和灰股瘤虻,格尔木地区为凶小库蚊、黄背伊蚊、格尔木细蠓、灰股瘤虻、马蚋和乌什蚋。不同海拔高度吸血双翅目昆虫的种群组成不同,分布差异明显,密度指数高低相差悬殊,呈海拔递增其种类组成由复杂逐步转入简单且数量逐步增大的独特高原分布特征;生态习性在不同地理、海拔高度中蚊、蠓、虻、蚋虫的种群组成、密度指数、飞舞时域、觅食规律和活动高峰不同,均以白天活动为主,夜间不见飞舞,其中库蚊和库蠓的活动主要在早晨和傍晚,伊蚊、细蠓和虻、蚋虫活动主要在白天的10∶00~18∶00时。格尔木地区全年蚊、蠓、虻、蚋的活动主要在4~10月,活动猖獗期蠓虫为5月,蚊虫为6月,虻、蚋为7月。本研究初步掌握了青海高原格尔木至唐古拉山铁路沿线重要吸血双翅目昆虫的种群组成、地理分布和活动规律,给青海高原格尔木至唐古拉山铁路沿线蚊、蠓、虻、蚋类防治提供了科学依据。     

A review of alligator and snake skin morphology and histotechnical preparations

The anatomy, biochemistry, biomechanics, and evolution of reptile integument have been topics of intense interest in the scientific community for at least two centuries. As such, histological techniques were, and still are, employed to provide a comprehensive understanding of the relationships between tissue structure, function, and the evolution of reptile integument. However, histotechnical preparations of reptile skin present many challenges related to the unique microanatomical configuration of the integument in these animals. Reptilian epidermal scales may be thick and corneous and are often not penetrated well by either processing fluids or embedding media. The reptile dermis is a composite of several different tissue types with a range of biophysical properties creating many problems with tissue processing, sectioning, and staining. Further, lepidosaurs (snakes, lizards, and tuataras) exhibit epidermal modifications associated with the shedding cycle (i.e. ecdysis) that may also create histotechnical artifacts. Here, this study reviews the general skin morphology from crocodilians (alligators, crocodiles, and gharials) and lepidosaurs. Common difficulties encountered while preparing this organ for histological examination are explained and highlighted, and technical solutions and protocols are provided that mitigate these problems.     

Advances in mechanisms of asthma, allergy, and immunology in 2010

2010 was marked by rapid progress in our understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of allergic inflammation and asthma. Studies published in the Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology described advances in our knowledge of cells associated with allergic inflammation (mast cells, eosinophils, dendritic cells, and T cells), as well as IgE, cytokines, receptors, signaling molecules, and pathways. Studies used animal models, as well as human cells and tissues, to advance our understanding of mechanisms of asthma, eosinophilic esophagitis, food allergy, anaphylaxis and immediate hypersensitivity, mast cells and their disorders, atopic dermatitis, nasal polyposis, and hypereosinophilic syndromes. Additional studies provided novel information about the induction and regulation of allergic inflammation and the genetic contribution to allergic inflammation. Critical features of these studies and their potential effects on human atopic disorders are summarized here.     

广西中小学生头发元素含量的地域性差异研究

目的　探讨广西中小学生头发中的人体必需元素含量及其地域性差异。方法　用偏振塞曼原子吸收仪 ,检测了来自融水、三江和马山县的 3 0 5 0名 7～ 16岁中小学生头发中铜、镁、镍、硒、钴、铬、铁、锌、钙 9种人体必需元素的含量 ,并用SPSS统计软件做了统计分析。结果　中小学生头发中除铜以外的 8种元素含量有明显的地域性差异 :①融水的镁、镍、钴、铬、铁、钙含量高于三江的 ,硒、锌含量低于三江的 ;②融水的镁、钴、铁、锌、钙含量高于马山 ,镍、铬含量低于马山的 ;③三江的硒、钴、锌含量高于马山 ,镍、铬含量低于马山。其中融水的钴、铁、钙、镁含量最高 ;三江的硒、锌含量最高 ;马山的镍、铬含量最高。结论　广西融水、三江和马山县中学生头发中镍、硒、钴、铬、铁、锌、钙、镁含量有明显的地域性差异     

Hemodynamic, hemostatic, and endothelial reactions to psychological and physical stress in coronary artery disease patients

Episodes of psychological and physical stress may elicit thrombotic cardiac events, such as myocardial infarction. These events are triggered when there are concurrent hemodynamic, hemostatic, and endothelial abnormalities. Hemodynamic, hemostatic, and endothelial reactions of 72 (15 women, 57 men) coronary artery disease patients to psychological and physical stress were examined. Blood pressure, electrocardiography, and impedance cardiography were recorded during rest, mental arithmetic, and exercise. Blood was collected, via catheter, at rest and after each task. Mental arithmetic elicited increases in blood pressure, heart rate, cardiac output, and cardiac contractility, but no consistent changes in hemostatic and endothelial markers. In contrast, exercise, in addition to increasing blood pressure, heart rate, cardiac output, cardiac contractility, and lowering peripheral resistance, elicited increases in plasma viscosity, hematocrit, platelets, and tissue plasminogen activator together with a decrease in plasminogen activator inhibitor. This pattern of hemodynamic, hemostatic, and endothelial reactions suggests that acute psychological and physical stress influence the thrombotic system differently in these high risk patients. Future research is needed to investigate how these stress responses are prospectively related to acute cardiac events.     

海藻酸纤维的研究发展及生物医学应用

背景：海藻酸纤维是一种多形式且多功能性物质,目前已被逐步应用于生物医学及临床。 目的：全面评述海藻酸纤维的结构与功能,同时介绍海藻酸与壳聚糖、海藻酸与明胶共混纤维的特性及在医学上研究的应用情况。 方法：由第一作者检索1990至2012年PubMed数据库及万方数据库有关海藻酸纤维制作过程、海藻酸纤维结构及性能、海藻酸纤维在生物医学的应用情况及其相关共混纤维的特性与应用等方面的文献。 结果与结论：海藻酸盐已被广泛应用于农业化工、生物防治、组织工程、缓释药物系统、创伤修复、净化环境等方面。通过共混改性得到的各种新型混合纤维,不但改善了海藻酸纤维应用上的不足,同时也赋予其更多的性能,成为了当今和未来生物材料的研究热点。目前生物医学材料正向着环保、高功能、智能化等方向发展,自然界储存量丰富、成本价格低廉、具有良好生物相容性及降解性的海藻纤维、壳聚糖纤维和明胶纤维及以它们为基质通过共混和/或改性等方法制造出来的功能性纤维潜力巨大,在生物医学及仿生医学领域有待进一步开发。     

Expression profiling the human septin gene family

The septins are an evolutionarily conserved family of GTP-binding proteins involved in diverse processes including vesicle trafficking, apoptosis, remodelling of the cytoskeleton, infection, neurodegeneration, and neoplasia. The present paper reports a comprehensive study of septin gene expression by DNA microarray methods in 10 360 samples of normal, diseased, and tumour tissues. A novel septin, SEPT13, has been identified and is shown to be related to SEPT7. It is shown that SEPT13 and the other known human septins are expressed in all tissue types but some show high expression in lymphoid (SEPT1, 6, 9, and 12) or brain tissues (SEPT2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, and 11). For a given septin, some isoforms are highly expressed in the brain and others are not. For example, SEPT8_v2 and v1, 1* and 3 are highly expressed in the brain and cluster with SEPT2, 3, 4, 5, 7, and 11. However, a probe set specific for SEPT8_v1 with low brain expression clusters away from this set. Similarly, SEPT4 has lymphoid and non-lymphoid forms; SEPT2 has lymphoid and central nervous system (CNS) forms; and SEPT6 and SEPT9 are elevated in lymphoid tissues but both have forms that cluster away from the lymphoid forms. Perturbation of septin expression was widespread in disease and tumours of the various tissues examined, particularly for conditions of the CNS, where alterations in all 13 septin genes were identified. This analysis provides a comprehensive catalogue of the septin family in health and disease. It is a key step in understanding the role of septins in physiological and pathological states and provides insight into the complexity of septin biology.     

Spectrum of mast cell activation disorders

Mast cell (MC) activation disorders present with multiple symptoms including flushing, pruritus, hypotension, gastrointestinal complaints, irritability, headaches, concentration/memory loss and neuropsychiatric issues. These disorders are classified as: cutaneous and systemic mastocytosis with a c-kit mutation and clonal MC activation disorder, allergies, urticarias and inflammatory disorders and mast cell activation syndrome (MCAS), idiopathic urticaria and angioedema. MCs are activated by IgE, but also by cytokines, environmental, food, infectious, drug and stress triggers, leading to secretion of multiple mediators. The symptom profile and comorbidities associated with these disorders, such as chronic fatigue syndrome and fibromyalgia, are confusing. We propose the use of the term ‘spectrum’ and highlight the main symptoms, useful diagnostic tests and treatment approaches.     

What effect does asthma treatment have on airway remodeling? Current perspectives

Airway remodeling, or structural changes of the airway wall arising from injury and repair, plays an important role in the pathophysiology of asthma. Remodeling is characterized as structural changes involving the composition, content, and organization of many of the cellular and molecular constituents of the bronchial wall. These structural changes can include epithelial injury, subepithelial thickening/fibrosis, airway smooth muscle hyperplasia, goblet cell hypertrophy and hyperplasia, and angiogenesis. Historically, these changes are considered a consequence of long-standing airway inflammation. Recent infant and child studies, however, suggest that remodeling occurs in parallel with inflammation in asthmatic subjects. Despite advancements in the recognition of key cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in remodeling, there remains a paucity of information about which treatments or interactions are most likely to regulate these processes. Furthermore, it is unclear as to when is the best time to initiate treatments to modify remodeling, which components to target, and how best to monitor interventions on remodeling. Indeed, inhaled corticosteroids, which are generally considered to have limited influence on remodeling, have been shown to be beneficial in studies in which the dose and duration of treatment were increased and prolonged, respectively. Moreover, several studies have identified the need to identify novel asthma indices and phenotypes that correlate with remodeling and, as a consequence, might specifically respond to new therapies, such as anti-IgE, anti-IL-5, and anti-TNF-α mAbs. Our review will evaluate the development of remodeling in asthmatic subjects and the effects of treatment on these processes.     

Mixed Tumors, Myoepitheliomas, and Oncocytomas of the Soft Tissues Are Likely Members of the Same Family: A Clinicopathologic and Ultrastructural Study

Four diagnostically unusual soft tissue tumors are presented. All lesions were of consistent size and long duration. Histologically, one lesion was analogous to mixed tumors of the usual sites (i.e., salivary glands), one lesion was totally spindled, and the two other lesions both had oncocytic appearances ( epithelioid and spindle biphasic pattern in a case, purely epithelioid in the other). Immunohistochemically, the mixed tumor was positive for vimentin, cytokeratins, S-100 protein, and focally for EMA. The purely spindled tumor exhibited immunoreactivity for vimentin, actins, S-100 protein, EMA (focally), and GFAP. The oncocytic biphasic tumor was positive for mitochondrial antigen, vimentin, and actins. The purely epithelioid oncocytic neoplasm was immunoreactive only for mitochondrial antigen and vimentin. Ultrastructurally, in the epithelial-like portion of the first (mixed) tumor, peripheral arrays of contractile filaments were detected along with well-developed desmosomes. In the second (spindled) case, peripheral contractile filaments and attenuated desmosomes were also seen. In the third case, a huge number of mitochondria, some desmosomes, and actin-type microfilaments were found. In the fourth case, desmosomes and punctate subplasmalemmal densities, in addition to numerous mitochondria, were documented. In all cases an external basal lamina were present, which was discontinuous in the first three cases and almost continuous in the fourth. These tumors were respectively designated as mixed tumor, myoepithelioma of the classic type, myoepithelioma of oncocytic type with biphasic cell architecture, and true oncocytoma. So far, all tumors have followed benign clinical courses (median follow up: 12 months). Comparisons with similar tumors of other sites are drawn, and suggestions for considering all of them as members of the same myoepithelial-derived tumor family are given.     

Physiological and behavioral responses to interleukin-1beta and LPS in vagotomized mice

It is well established that peripheral administration of interleukin-1 (IL-1) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) can activate the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis, alter brain catecholamine and indoleamine metabolism, and affect behavior. However, the mechanisms of these effects are not fully understood. Stimulation of afferents of the vagus nerve has been implicated in the induction of Fos in the brain, changes in body temperature, brain norepinephrine, and some behavioral responses. In the present study, the IL-1beta- and LPS-induced changes in certain behaviors, HPA axis activation, and catecholamine and indoleamine metabolism were studied in mice following subdiaphragmatic vagotomy. IL-1beta and LPS induced the expected decreases in sweetened milk, food intake, and locomotor activity, and the responses to IL-1beta, but not LPS, were slightly attenuated in vagotomized mice. Subdiaphragmatic vagotomy also attenuated the IL-1beta- and LPS-induced increases in plasma ACTH and corticosterone, but the attenuations of the responses to IL-1beta were only marginally significant. There were also slight reductions in the responses in catecholamine and serotonin metabolism, and the increases in brain tryptophan in several brain regions. These results indicate that the vagus nerve is not the major pathway by which abdominal IL-1beta and LPS effect behavioral, HPA and brain catecholamine and indoleamine responses in the mouse. These results resemble those we observed in subdiaphragmatically vagotomized rats, but in that species the subdiaphragmatic vagotomy markedly attenuated the ACTH and corticosterone responses, and prevented the hypothalamic noradrenergic activation, as well as the fever. Overall the results indicate that the various responses to peripheral IL-1 and LPS involve multiple mechanisms including vagal afferents, and that there are species differences in the relative importance of the various mechanisms.     

雄性大鼠四肢骨生物力学性能增龄性变化

目的 探讨雄性大鼠肱骨、股骨和胫骨生物力学性能增龄性变化规律及其在年龄推断中的应用价值。方法 根据不同周龄,将90只健康雄性SD大鼠分为2、4、6、8、17、26、52、78和104周龄组,每组10只。过量麻醉处死大鼠后分离肱骨、股骨和胫骨并剔除附着软组织,利用游标卡尺测量上述骨骼长度及中段(受压部位)直径,利用电子万能材料试验机进行三点弯曲试验以检测极限载荷和极限载荷下位移。结果 不同周龄组雄性大鼠肱骨、股骨和胫骨极限载荷组间差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。随着周龄增长,肱骨、股骨和胫骨极限载荷均呈先增大后减小趋势,且都在52周龄组达峰值,52周龄前与周龄呈强正相关(r=0.884、0.933、0.929,P<0.05)。极限载荷下位移除股骨组间差异有统计学意义外(P<0.05),肱骨、胫骨均无统计学意义。股骨极限载荷下位移与周龄呈弱正相关(r=0.406,P<0.05)。52周龄前大鼠肱骨、股骨、胫骨、3种骨骼综合极限载荷自动线性建模的年龄预测准确度分别为78.2%、86.8%、84.1%、88.3%。肱骨、股骨、胫骨长度与极限载荷呈强正相关(r=0....     

Phytochemical screening of Sterculia foetida seed extract for anti-oxidant,anti-microbial activity,and detection of apoptosis through reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation,mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) decrease,and nuclear fragmentation in human osteosarcoma cells

Sterculia foetida seeds are rich in various secondary metabolites such as fatty acids, alkaloids, flavonoids, and saponins, and possess multidisciplinary anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-diabetic, and anti-obesity pharmacological activities. The present study described the phytochemical compounds along with, anti-microbial, anti-oxidant, and first time in vitro anti-osteosarcoma effects from these seeds. The seeds were collected, authenticated, dried, ground into crude powder, and the secondary metabolites extracted with ethanol. Further, gas chromatography and mass spectrophotometry (GC-MS) analysis was carried out to determine the presence of SFE phytochemical compounds. Anti-microbial activity was confirmed against selected bacterial strains by agar well diffusion and anti-oxidant activity was investigated through 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging method. The anti-proliferative and apoptotic activity was analyzed by 3-[4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) colorimetric assay, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, decrease in the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and nuclear fragmentation assay. The results showed that SFE contained 35 active phytochemical and the secondary metabolites, alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, phenols, saponins, terpenoids, and tannins, which demonstrated significant anti-microbial and anti-oxidant potential. The results for SFE anti-cancerous activity on MG-63 osteosarcoma cells were reduced cell viability, generated excessive ROS, induced nuclear fragmentation and decreased MMP in a concentration-dependent manner. It was concluded that SFE had potent anti-oxidant, anti-microbial, and anti-cancerous activity on the MG-63 cells. However, further studies are needed to validate SFE efficacy for prevention and management of osteosarcoma.     

Associations between repression,general maladjustment,body weight,and body shape in older males: The normative aging study

We examined relationships between repression, general maladjustment, body mass index (BMI), and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR). The participants were 1,081 healthy older men from the Normative Aging Study. Repression and General Maladjustment Scales of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory were composite measures of personality. Repression was associated with lower BMI and WHR, and maladjustment with higher BMI and WHR. However, associations between WHR and personality dimensions were no longer significant when controlling for BMI, but associations between BMI and personality dimensions remained significant when controlling for WHR. These effects were explained by differing relationships between WHR, repression, and maladjustment for normal weight, overweight, and obese individuals. Specifically, associations between repression, maladjustment, and body shape were significant for normal weight and overweight individuals, but not for obese individuals. Health behaviors including smoking did not mediate relationships between repression, maladjustment, and body shape, but might be considered in future studies as mechanisms underlying links between personality and body shape.     

A clinical update on tuberous sclerosis complex-associated neuropsychiatric disorders (TAND)

Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is associated with a wide range of behavioral, psychiatric, intellectual, academic, neuropsychological, and psychosocial difficulties, which are often underdiagnosed and undertreated. Here, we present a clinical update on TSC-associated neuropsychiatric disorders, abbreviated as “TAND,” to guide screening, diagnosis, and treatment in practice. The review is aimed at clinical geneticists, genetic counselors, pediatricians, and all generalists involved in the assessment and treatment of children, adolescents and adults with TSC, and related disorders. The review starts with a summary of the construct and levels of TAND, before presenting up-to-date information about each level of investigation. The review concludes with a synopsis of current and future TAND research.     

The costimulatory role of TIM molecules

Summary:  The T-cell immunoglobulin domain and mucin domain (TIM) family, including TIM-1, TIM-2, TIM-3, and TIM-4, is a relatively newly described group of molecules with a conserved structure and important immunological functions, including T-cell activation, induction of T-cell apoptosis and T-cell tolerance, and the clearance of apoptotic cells. TIM-1 costimulates T-cell activation and enhances cytokine production. In humans, TIM-1 also serves as a susceptibility gene for allergy and asthma. TIM-3, expressed on T cells and dendritic cells, regulates T-cell apoptosis and immune tolerance. By contrast, TIM-4, which is expressed primarily on antigen-presenting cells and which is a receptor for phosphatidylserine, regulates T-cell activation and tolerance, in part by mediating the uptake and engulfment of apoptotic cells. The TIM molecules thus have surprisingly broad activities affecting multiple aspects of immunology.     

Triptorelin and cetrorelix induce immune responses and affect uterine development and expressions of genes and proteins of ESR1, LHR,and FSHR of mice

Context: GnRH immunity can reduce the expression of pituitary GnRH levels, and cause the changes in reproductive behaviors. It is unclear whether triptorelin (TRI) and cetrorelix (CET) immunity influences uterine development and expression of follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR), luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR), and estradiol receptor 1 (ERS1) in the uterus.

Objective: The study investigated the effects of active immunity of GnRH agonist and antagonist on uterine development, microstructures, expression of hormone receptors mRNAs, and proteins in uteri.

Materials and methods: One hundred and five mice were assigned into CET, TRI, and control groups (CG). Mice in CET-1, CET-2, and CET-3 (n?=?15) were subcutaneously injected with 10, 20, and 40?μg CET antigens for seven days, respectively. Mice in TRI-1, TRI-2, and TRI-3 were injected with 10, 20, and 40?μg TRI antigens for seven days, respectively. The qPCR and Western blot were implemented to determine expressions of ESR1, LHR and FSHR mRNAs, and proteins.

Results: Compared with CG, the uterine weights of CET-1, CET-2, and CET-3 increased by 42.86, 62.86, and 10.00% on day 35 (p?p?p?p?p?Conclusions: CET immunity promoted the uterine development, improved EET and UWT, and also promoted the expressions of ESR1 and FSHR protein levels. It lessened the LHR protein levels. TRI immunity blocked EET and UWT, inhibited uterine growth and development. The efficacy of CET immunity was more obvious than TRI.