Comparison of Results of Coronary Angioplasty in Patients with Unstable vs. Stable Angina

Objectives To compare the short and mid - term outcomes in cases of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) in patients with unstable v stable angina. Methods Patients selected for PTCA/stenting were divided in to two groups, one with stable angina pectoris (SA group, n = 92) and one with unstable angina pectoris (UA group, n = 112). The outcomes of coronary an giographies (CAG), initial (30-d) success of the procedure, and follow - up status in the two groups were compared. Results Baseline characteristics were similar, although the patients with unstable symptoms more females ( P< 0. 05), and had a higher average CCS class (P< 0. 05) and a higher incidence of postinfarction angina ( P< 0. 01). The frequency of ' complex stenosis in patients with unstable angina was higher than that of patients with stable angina, 33% v 20% ( P< 0. 01). A total of 309 vessels ac cepted the procedure; including 210 stents were sue cessfully delivered to 156 patients. 143 and 67 stents were implanted in the     

不稳定型与稳定型心绞痛冠状动脉成形术的比较

目的　比较不稳定型心绞痛 (UA)与稳定型心绞痛 (SA)患者接受冠状动脉成形术 (PTCA)的疗效。方法　行PTCA的心绞痛患者 2 0 4例 ,分组比较UA与SA患者冠状动脉造影结果及PTCA术的近期和中期疗效。结果　①分组 :2 0 4例病人中 ,UA组 112例 (5 5 % ) ,SA组 92例 (45 % )。其中UA组心绞痛分级高于SA组 (P <0 0 5 )。②UA组复杂病变血管支数为 74(3 3 % ) ,SA组复杂病变血管 43支(2 0 % ) ,两组比较差异显著 (P <0 0 1) ;而SA组多支血管病变的发生较UA组为多 (P <0 0 5 )。③支架植入情况 :UA组有 114支血管共植入支架 143枚 ,占病变血管数的 5 1% ;SA组 5 4支血管共 67枚 ,占 2 5 % ,两组比较差异显著 (P <0 0 1) ,共 15 6例病人接受支架术。④术后 3 0d内无重大并发症发生 ,UA组复发胸痛较SA组高 (9%vs 3 % ,P <0 0 5 )。⑤随访 3～ 9个月 ,发生心肌梗死 3例 ,其中UA患者2例。复发胸痛两组分别为 12例和 16例 ,占 13 %和 14% ;临床再狭窄发生率分别为 2 0 %和 2 2 % ,均无显著差别。结论　PTCA/支架术对不稳定型与稳定型心绞痛患者的疗效相似 ,即刻成功率高 ,中期疗效满意     

Coronary artery stenting in unstable angina pectoris: a comparison with stable angina pectoris

OBJECTIVE: To compare early complication rates in unselected cases of coronary artery stenting in patients with stable v unstable angina. SETTING: Tertiary referral centre. PATIENTS: 390 patients with stable angina pectoris (SAP) and 306 with unstable angina (UAP). Patients treated for acute myocardial infarction (primary angioplasty) or cardiogenic shock were excluded. INTERVENTIONS: 268 coronary stents were attempted in 211 patients (30.3%). Stents used included AVE (63%), Freedom (14%), NIR (7%), Palmaz-Schatz (5%), JO (5%), and Multilink (4%). Intravascular ultrasound was not used in any of the cases. All stented patients were treated with ticlopidine and aspirin together with periprocedural unfractionated heparin. RESULTS: 123 stents were successfully deployed in 99 SAP patients v 132 stents in 103 UAP patients. Failed deployment occurred with nine stents in SAP patients, v four in UAP patients (NS). Stent thrombosis occurred in four SAP patients and 11 UAP patients. Multivariate analysis showed no relation between stent thrombosis and clinical presentation (SAP v UAP), age, sex, target vessel, stent length, or make of stent. Stent thrombosis was associated with small vessel size (p < 0.001) and bailout stenting (p = 0.01) compared with elective stenting and stenting for suboptimal PTCA, with strong trends toward smaller stent diameter (p = 0.052) and number of stents deployed (p = 0.06). Most stent thromboses occurred in vessels < 3 mm diameter. CONCLUSIONS: Coronary artery stenting in unstable angina is safe in vessels >/= 3 mm diameter, with comparable initial success and stent thrombosis rates to stenting in stable angina.     

PTCA联合ICS治疗冠心病73例临床疗效观察

目的　观察冠心病患者 PTCA和 ICS的治疗效果。方法　对 73例 PTCA和 ICS术患者进行回顾性分析 ,评价其手术疗效及并发症。结果　 73例患者行 PTCA1 1 2次 ,成功率 95 .89% ,68例置入支架 94枚 ,成功率 98.9%。死亡 1例 (1 .4% ) ,心绞痛治疗有效率 96.5 % ,随访 1～ 3 6个月 (2 0 .1± 1 0 .5月 ) ,心绞痛复发率 8.2 %。结论　 PTCA结合 ICS治疗冠心病心绞痛和心肌梗塞成功率高 ,疗效显著。 PTCA手术并发症和 ICS术后冠脉再狭窄是最重要的问题。     

冠状动脉内支架临床应用的初步报告

本文报道７例冠状动脉内支架临床应用情况，４例Ｇｉａｎｔｕｒｃｏ－Ｒｏｕｂｉｎ支架用于经皮冠状动脉胶内成形术（ＰＴＣＡ）并发冠状动脉急性闭塞或濒临闭塞，其中１例于右冠状动脉内植入２个支架；２例Ｐａｌｍａｚ－Ｓｃｈａｔｚ支架及１例Ｇｉａｎｔｕｒｃｏ－Ｒｏｕｂｉｎ支架用于预防ＰＴＣＡ后再狭窄。７例支架植入均获成功，１例术后股动脉穿刺部位出血，２例腹股沟局部血肿，无其它并发症。     

Angiographic restenosis after successful Wallstent stent implantation: an analysis of risk predictors.

Follow-up angiographic study was performed in 86 patients after initially successful Wallstent stent (Medinvent, Lausanne, Switzerland) implantation between April 1986 and October 1990. The stent angiographic restenosis rate was 16% at a mean of 8 months after stenting despite the inclusion of a substantial number of patients at high risk of restenosis after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). Of a total 15 variables analyzed, only suboptimal stent placement was found to be a significant predictor of stent restenosis. Age; gender; baseline New York Heart Association functional class; previous PTCA; indication for stenting; left ventricular ejection fraction; preangioplasty and immediate postangioplasty diameter stenosis severity; stented vessel site, lesional morphology; number, diameter, and length of stents implanted; and the interval between stenting and follow-up angiographic restudy were not significant risk factors of stent restenosis. Our study suggests that intracoronary stent implantation with the Wallstent may be a useful and promising adjunctive option after PTCA, particularly in patients at high risk of restenosis after PTCA. However, because of the significantly enhanced risk of restenosis after suboptimal stent implantation, we strongly recommend the selection and placement of Wallstent stents that adequately cover the entire length of the dilated coronary segment.     

Intracoronary radiotherapy with a (188)rhenium liquid-filled PTCA balloon system in in-stent restenosis: acute and long-term angiographic results, as well as 1-year clinical follow-up

BACKGROUND: Intracoronary radiotherapy with beta- and gamma-emitters has been shown to reduce the risk of restenosis after balloon angioplasty and after coronary stenting. The present study addresses the question whether intracoronary radiotherapy using the (188)rhenium liquid-filled PTCA balloon system is feasible, safe and effective in cases of in-stent restenosis. Acute and long-term angiographic results as well as clinical events within 1 year after the procedure were evaluated. METHODS AND RESULTS: From September 1999 to April 2000, 41 patients (mean age 60+/-10 years, 33 male, 8 female) with symptomatic in-stent restenosis underwent repeat PTCA and immediate intracoronary brachytherapy. After successful repeat PTCA (residual stenosis less than 30% in diameter), a second standard PTCA catheter was inflated with liquid (188)rhenium in the redilated in-stent restenosis for 315-880, mean 540+/-155 s with low pressure (3 atm) in order to reach 30 Gy at 0.5 mm depth of the vessel wall. In all patients with successful reintervention, intracoronary radiotherapy was unproblematically performed; in 16 patients, 21 new stents were implanted during the procedure-either immediately before or after radiation therapy. During follow-up, four episodes of stent thrombosis with subsequent myocardial infarction occurred in three patients (8 days, 37 days, 5 months and 6 months after the procedure, respectively). This complication was seen exclusively in patients with newly implanted stents. One patient of the stent group died suddenly 46 days after the procedure. All 40 surviving patients underwent repeat angiography in cases of repeat angina or routinely 6 months after brachytherapy, respectively. In the redilated target vessels without new stenting, restenosis (stenosis >50% in diameter) or reocclusion was observed in only 5 of 25 (=20%) cases, but in the restented target lesions, in 10 of 15 (=67%). Event-free survival (death, myocardial infarction, TVR) at 1 year after repeat dilatation and subsequent brachytherapy was 80% for patients not newly stented, but only 44% for patients with new stents. CONCLUSIONS: Intracoronary radiation therapy with the liquid-filled beta-emitting (188)rhenium balloon is a safe and effective therapy in cases of in-stent restenosis. The positive effect of irradiation, however, is abolished if a new stent is needed. In the not newly stented patients, 1-year follow-up is encouraging.     

Treatment of aortocoronary graft lesions with graft-stents

OBJECTIVE: Previous controlled trials do not indicate a superiority of the polytetrafluoroethylene membrane-covered stent graft compared with a conventional stent with respect to acute results, restenosis, or clinical event rates. We evaluated the outcome of stenting aortocoronary bypass grafts with polytetrafluoroethylene-covered stent. METHODS: The study included 64 patients who had 73 saphenous graft-stent implants. Clinical follow-up was obtained for a median of 6.2 months (1-9 months) for 54 patients. RESULTS: The mean age of the grafts was 9.2+/-6 years (2-14 years). Procedural success was achieved in 72 of 73 lesions (98.6%). One patient having an anterior Q-wave myocardial infarction died on the second day of procedure. Four patients (6.2%) sustained distal embolization and no reflow. No reflow was overcome after intracoronary administration of nitroglycerine and verapamil in two cases. At follow-up, stable angina pectoris had developed in 10 patients (18%), unstable angina pectoris in two patients (3.7%), acute myocardial infarction in two patients (3.7%), and cardiac death in one patient (1.8%). A total of 45 patients had a coronary angiogram at 6 months of follow-up or earlier, and restenosis at the target site was detected in eight of 53 lesions (15%). CONCLUSIONS: Saphenous graft lesions can be managed successfully with polytetrafluoroethylene-covered stents with acceptable long-term clinical outcome. Further and larger studies are needed to compare conventional stents, polytetrafluoroethylene-covered stents, drug eluting stents, and additional benefit of distal protection devices in these subgroups.     

冠状动脉内支架置入术治疗老年患者复杂冠状动脉病变

目的　探讨经皮冠状动脉腔内支架置入术治疗老年患者复杂性冠状动脉病变的疗效及安全性。方法对 4 5例冠心病患者施行冠状动脉内支架置入术 ,病变血管共 5 8支 ,B型病变 4 9处 ,C型病变 1 3处 ,慢性完全闭塞病变 4处 ,共置入支架 64只。置入左前降支 2 7只 ,左回旋支 1 3只 ,右冠状动脉 2 4只。De Novo支架置入 4 4只 ,Suboptimal支架置入 1 5只 ,Bail-out支架置入 3只 ,再狭窄病变支架置入 2只。结果　术后经冠状动脉造影证实疗效满意 ,支架置入成功率为 98.4 %。术前病变平均直径狭窄 (86.5± 7.8) % ,术后残余直径狭窄 (5 .1± 1 0 .3 ) %。住院期间无亚急性支架血栓形成。 1例出现假性动脉瘤 ,1例在术中及术后出现三次心室颤动 ,4例患者术后心绞痛复发 ,复查冠状动脉造影发现了 3个支架节段血管有再狭窄。结论　对于老年冠心病患者复杂冠状动脉病变 ,经皮冠状动脉内支架置入术是一种安全有效的介入性治疗技术 ,其成功率高 ,并发症发生率低     

Two years experience with the Palmaz-Schatz coronary stent in a heterogeneous patient population

Between January 1991 and December 1992, 136 Palmaz-Schatz coronary stents were implanted in 113 native coronary arteries in 106 patients. Forty-seven patients presented with stable angina, 50 with unstable angina, 7 with congestive cardiac failure and unstable angina and 2 were asymptomatic. Stenting was carried out in 15 patients for restenosis after coronary angioplasty (PTCA), 32 for significant dissection during PTCA (with 19 acute and 13 threatened closure), 10 for suboptimal PTCA results and 56 for de novo lesions, 52 (92.9%) of which were either ACC/AHA type B or C. Successful delivery was achieved in 97.2% (103/106) of patients or 97.3% (110/113) of vessels. Percent diameter stenosis was reduced from 78 +/- 13% to 4 +/- 11%. There were two subacute stent thromboses (1.9%), resulting in Q-Wave myocardial infarction. Three deaths (2.9%) occurred, all from the group with congestive cardiac failure and unstable angina. Major bleeding/vascular complications occurred in 4 patients (3.9%). All patients were followed up for a mean of 18 months (6 months to 30 months). Eighty-five patients were asymptomatic. Three patients were angina-free but continued to have, albeit improved, congestive cardiac failure. Ten patients had recurrence of angina, all within 6 months of the stenting procedure. Four were treated medically and 4 had PTCA of whom one eventually had coronary bypass surgery. Two patients had new lesions, successfully treated by PTCA or stenting. In conclusion, a high rate of successful delivery of the Palmaz-Schatz coronary stent can be achieved in a wide spectrum of patients with few complications which are mostly related to anticoagulation. It offers very effective bailout for acute closure during PTCA. Despite the presence of unfavorable pre-procedure patient and lesion characteristics, the acute and long term clinical results are encouraging.     

Is Unstable Angina a Contraindication to Intracoronary Stent Insertion?

BACKGROUND: Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty is associated with higher rates of acute complications and restenosis when performed in the clinical setting of unstable angina. Coronary stent insertion has been shown to reduce restenosis when performed electively. The effect of unstable angina on clinical outcome after stent deployment is currently unclear. OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical outcome after coronary stents inserted in patients with unstable and stable angina. DESIGN: A retrospective analysis of all patients receiving Palmaz-Schatz stents electively or for sub-optimal angioplasty result in patients with stable and unstable angina. PATIENTS: One-hundred fifty-seven patients received 178 Palmaz-Schatz stents electively or for the treatment of sub-optimal result. Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction Study (TIMI) grade 3 flow was present in all patients at the time of stent delivery. Unstable angina was defined as pain at rest despite anti-anginal therapy (Braunwald class II, III). Eighty-three patients (mean age 58 years) with unstable angina received 95 stents and 74 patients (mean age 57 years) with stable angina received 83 stents. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Subacute stent thrombosis (SAST), myocardial infarction (MI), need for repeat angiography, coronary bypass graft surgery (CABG) and death. RESULTS: The early complications (within 2 weeks) comparing the unstable and stable groups respectively were: No deaths, SAST 3/83 (3.6%) vs. 2/74 (2.7%), MI 2/83 (2.4%) vs. 2/74 (2.7%) and CABG 6/83 (7.2%) vs. 2/74 (2.7%). After 2 weeks no patient had a MI or CABG. Clinical follow-up was continued up to 6 months. Two patients in each group had repeat angiography for recurrent symptoms. One patient in the stable group died from non-cardiac causes. CONCLUSIONS: There appears to be no difference in the early or late clinical outcome of patients with unstable or stable angina treated with coronary stent insertion when TIMI flow is normal at the time of stent insertion.     

Multiple stent implantation in single coronary arteries: Acute results and six-month angiographic follow-up

A total of 147 stents were implanted (in overlapping manner in 76% of vessels) in a single coronary artery in 59 patients (60 vessels, 97 lesions, 2.45 stents/vessel) over a period of 18 mo using high pressure stent deployment without ultrasound guidance. The indications for stenting were suboptimal percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) result (45%), primary prevention of restenosis (44%), acute closure (10%), and restenosis after plain balloon angioplasty (1%). One patient required emergency coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) (extensive dissection), and one required early intervention with plain balloon angioplasty and intracoronary urokinase for stent thrombosis. There were no deaths. Thirteen patients had recurrence of angina within 6 mo and angiograms were performed in all. These showed intrastent restenosis in nine (all had successful repeat plain balloon angioplasty), development of new disease in other vessels along with restenosis close to the stent in the target vessel in one (underwent elective CABG) and normal angiograms with widely patent stents in three. Forty-five patients (77%) remained free of recurrent angina and 25 of these had follow-up angiograms (56%) at a mean of 172 days, two showing restenosis. Thus, the restenosis rate per patient in the symptomatic group (angiographic follow-up in 100%) was 77% and in the asymptomatic group (angiographic follow-up in 56%) was 8%. The restenosis rate in the subgroup with bailout stenting (n = 6) was 20% (angiographic follow-up in 83%). The overall restenosis rate per patient was 32% (overall angiographic follow-up in 66%). During the 6-mo follow-up period, one patient underwent elective CABG (1.7%), one sustained a non-Q myocardial infarction (1.7%), nine had repeat PTCA to the target vessel (15.5%), and there were no deaths. The event-free survival rate was 77%. Multiple stent implantation aided by high pressure stent deployment without ultrasound guidance and with adjunctive optimal antiplatelet therapy without oral anticoagulation seems to be a useful and effective revascularisation strategy to deal with long lesions and acute dissections with a high procedural success rate. The restenosis rate is acceptable and is not appreciably high as reported in previous studies from the “warfarin era.” Cathet. Cardiovasc. Diagn. 42:158–165, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

急诊冠状动脉内支架置入治疗不稳定性心绞痛

目的　探讨在不稳定性心绞痛病人症状未缓解状态下行急诊冠状动脉内支架置入的疗效及安全性。方法　对53例不稳定性心绞痛病人在心绞痛反复发作时即行冠状动脉造影，明确病变后行冠状动脉支架置入术。结果　53处病变置入56个支架，术中无严重并发症，34例心绞痛消失；9例有不典型胸痛，症状在1～2天内消失，无急诊冠状动脉搭桥及死亡。随访3个月～3年,6例冠脉造影证实再狭窄，5例行再次PTCA术后症状消失，1例行PTCA后仍有症状行冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)，无死亡病例。结论　冠状动脉内支架置入治疗急性冠状动脉综合征近期及远期效果较好，治疗成功率及安全性较高。     

Coronary stenting with the half (disarticulated) Palmaz-Schatz stent: Immediate results and six-month follow-up

Coronary stenting with the half disarticulated Palmaz-Schatz stent is particularly suitable for ostial stenoses, diaphragm stenoses, stenoses distal to tortuous segments or coronary bends and localized dissections after balloon angioplasty. Nevertheless very few data regarding the half stent exist and follow-up data are nonexistent. From January of 1994 to December of 1995 a total of 207 half stents were implanted in 175 patients. Most patients had stable or unstable angina and in the majority of cases the stent was implanted due to localized dissection or to suboptimal result. The procedural success rate was 98%. After stent implantation, 82 patients were treated with acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and oral anticoagulant (group A), whereas 93 were treated with ASA and ticlopidine (group B). Seven patients had subacute thrombosis (5, group A; 2, group B), and six patients had major bleeding (5, group A; 1, group B). Overall, patients in group A had more cardiovascular complications than patients in group B (10, group A; 3, group B; p = 0.047). After 6-mo follow-up, 1 patient had died and 27 patients had symptoms of angina (16%). Thirteen patients underwent a second PTCA (7%) and four patients (2%) were referred for coronary artery bypass. In conclusion, coronary stenting with half Palmaz-Schatz stent appears to be a safe and effective procedure. In selected cases, the half Palmaz-Schatz stent is easier to handle than the complete stent, it is associated with a low rate of clinical restenosis, and it lowers procedural costs. Cathet. Cardiovasc. Diagn. 41:371–376, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Primary stenting of de novo lesions in small coronary arteries: A prospective,pilot study

Technical advancement and new anti-thrombotic regimens have recently shown so much improvement in the results of coronary stenting that the conventional contra-indication for stenting in small coronary arteries (<3 mm) needs to be revised. We undertook a prospective pilot study of elective Palmaz-Schatz stenting in de novo lesions located in coronary arteries of less than 3 mm diameter. Fifty consecutive patients (63 ± 9 years) with stable (n = 38) and unstable angina (n = 12) were included. Philips-DCI quantitative coronary analysis was used to measure reference diameter, minimal lumen diameter and percent diameter stenosis before PTCA, after stenting and at 6-month angiographic follow-up study. All measurements were performed after intracoronary injection of nitroglycerin (300 μg). All patients received ticlopidine (250 mg/day) and aspirin (100 mg/day). The mean lesion length was 9 ± 3 mm. The balloon size used for stent delivery was 2.75 mm in 30 patients and 2.5 mm in 20 patients and the mean balloon inflation pressure used for stent deployment was 12 ± 2 atm. All stents were deployed successfully. In-hospital complications occurred in two patients, diagonal branch occlusion at day 2 requiring emergency PTCA in one and a hematoma at the femoral puncture site requiring surgery in the other. Major adverse cardiac event (MACE) rate remained 2% (nonfatal infarct in one). Follow-up angiography (n = 46, 92%) at 6 ± 3 months showed a 30% restenosis rate. Target vessel revascularization (TVR) rate was 13%. We conclude that elective stenting in small coronary arteries is feasible and involves an acceptable risk of restenosis. Cathet. Cardiovasc. Diagn. 45:235–238, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Long-term clinical outcome of rescue balloon angioplasty compared with rescue stenting after failed thrombolysis

Failed thrombolysis following acute myocardial infarction is associated with a poor prognosis. Balloon angioplasty with or without stenting is an established procedure in acute myocardial infarction and for failed thrombolysis (rescue percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty [PTCA]). Intracoronary stenting improves initial success rates, decreases incidence of abrupt closure, and reduces the rate of restenosis after angioplasty. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of rescue PTCA with rescue stenting in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction after failed thrombolysis. Clinical data are from a retrospective review of 102 patients requiring rescue balloon angioplasty or stenting after failed thrombolysis for acute myocardial infarction. There was a greater incidence of recurrent angina in 11 patients (22%) in the rescue PTCA group versus 2 patients (4%) in the rescue stenting group. The in-hospital recurrent myocardial infarction rate was 14% in the rescue PTCA group versus 2% in the stented group. In the rescue PTCA cohort, 11 patients (22%) required in-hospital repeat revascularization versus 2 patients in the stented group. The in-hospital mortality rate was higher in the PTCA group (10%) versus that in the stent group (2%). There was no significant difference in the incidence of postdischarge deaths. Rescue stenting is superior to rescue angioplasty. The procedure is associated with lower in-hospital angina and recurrent myocardial infarction, and the need for fewer repeat revascularizations. Long-term patients treated with stents required fewer revascularization procedures. Overall, rescue stenting was associated with a significantly lower mortality.     

冠状动脉内支架植入术中的并发症及处理

目的为提高对冠状动脉内支架植入中并发症的认识及处理的水平。方法自１９９４年１月至１９９６年１０月对８０例冠心病患者行了冠状动脉内支架植入术（ＣＡＳＩ），共植入支架１１３个，其中Ｂａｉｌｏｕｔｓｔｅｎｔｉｎｇ２６个，Ｄｅｎｏｖｏｓｔｅｎｔｉｎｇ８７个，支架类型以ＰａｌｍａｚＳｃｈａｔｚ型最多，植入成功率为９６５％（１１０／１１３）。结果术中发生并发症１４例次，发生率为１２３％（１４／１１３），其中以支架植入时造成血管病变部位近端及远端正常血管撕裂为多见。术后死亡２例。结论支架虽有较好的临床效果，但也会引起一些并发症，如处理不当甚至会造成死亡，应引起重视     

The benefit of a coronary stent in the reduction of major cardiac complications in acute coronary syndromes]

To assess the incidence of in-hospital major adverse cardiac events (MACE), we analyzed 694 procedures in 613 consecutive patients during one year period. Patient population included 550 (79.2%) patients with unstable angina, 43 (6.2%) with stable angina and 101 (14.5%) with acute myocardial infarction. Elective percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) was performed in 593 (85.4%) patients, rescue PTCA in 7 (1%), and primary PTCA in 94 (13.5%). Angiographic lesion morphology was as follows: type A 30%; type B 58%; type C 12%. We compared patient population who received stent with PTCA-balloon only. Technical success was 95% and clinical success was achieved in 80% of the cases. Overall mortality was 1% in the stent group and 3% in the conventional PTCA. The incidence of MACE was 4% and 15.1% in the stent and angioplasty balloon groups respectively. We found a dramatic impact on reduction of the incidence of acute complications in the groups with stenting for unstable angina (p = 0.0001) and acute myocardial infarction (p = 0.0001). The major clinical advantage of stenting over balloon angioplasty was a lower need for repeated procedures.     

支架内再狭窄的介入治疗

目的介绍支架内再狭窄的处理经验.方法回顾分析156例支架内再狭窄患者经PTCA或支架植入术治疗的即刻和术后随访结果.支架内再狭窄治疗前后行冠脉造影,并于术后5.7±3.8个月复查冠脉造影.结果 156例支架内再狭窄患者PTCA或支架术治疗均获成功,其中134例(144支血管)行PTCA治疗,占86.7%;22例(22支血管)行再次支架置入术,占13.3%.156例经再次PTCA或支架术治疗后随访平均6个月的再狭窄率为24.3%.40处弥漫性支架内再狭窄经PTCA处理后18处(45%)再次再狭窄,而96处局限性支架内再狭窄中有17处再次再狭窄(18%),弥漫性支架内再狭窄经PTCA治疗后,再次再狭窄率明显高于局限性支架内再狭窄(P<0.01).支架内狭窄严重程度(>75%)也是影响PTCA疗效的主要因素.结论对于大多数支架内再狭窄(70%)采用PTCA治疗安全有效,术后再狭窄率与首次支架置入术相似.     

Rate of success and restenosis of PTCA in patients over 75 years of age]

In 82 patients (pts), ages 75-90 years (52 m, 30 f; mean age 77 +/- 3 years) with mainly unstable angina (59 pts) or acute myocardial infarction (7 pts) a PTCA or recanalization was attempted. Successful PTCA was achieved in 57 of 69 pts (83%); occlusions could be reopened in all six pts with myocardial infarction and totally occluded infarct related artery, and in three of seven pts with stable or unstable angina pectoris. The primary success rate of PTCA alone in pts with unstable angina was 81%, and improved to 92% in pts with stable angina. Sixteen procedures were multiple vessel and six were multiple lesion PTCA, so that the lesion-related success rate of PTCA was higher (87%). One patient died in connection with the procedure (procedure related-mortality 1.2%), two pts underwent myocardial infarction (2.4%), one patient emergency bypass grafting (1.2%). The in-hospital mortality was 4.9% and concerned exclusively patients with unstable angina and unsuccessful procedure. Local complications at the puncture site occurred in two patients. The angiographic restenosis rate of PTCA was 58% (44% in patients with stable and 63% in patients with unstable angina pectoris). Seventeen patients with 19 restenoses had successful repeat PTCA; reintervention failed in two patients. We conclude that PTCA can be performed in patients of old age with a resulting comparable primary success rate as in younger patients. Complications seem to be more frequent. The restenosis rate is higher, but with regard to stable and unstable angina, not significantly so. The prognosis in patients with unstable angina and unsuccessful procedure is apparently unfavorable.