子宫内膜复杂性不典型增生及早期子宫内膜癌患者保留生育功能的预后研究

摘 要：［目的］ 探讨子宫内膜复杂性不典型增生及早期子宫内膜癌患者保留治疗的完全缓解率、复发率和妊娠情况。［方法］ 回顾性分析2015年1月至2018年10月我院妇产科收治106例子宫内膜复杂性不典型增生或早期子宫内膜癌患者保守治疗情况,分析其治疗疗效、复发和妊娠情况,并分析影响子宫内膜复杂性不典型增生及早期子宫内膜癌患者保守生育功能治疗后完全缓解、复发和妊娠的因素。［结果］ 经保守治疗后完全缓解率为83.96%（89/106）,完全缓解后复发率为23.60%（21/89）,妊娠率为35.96%（32/89）。BMI≥30kg/m2是影响完全缓解(OR=2.031,95%CI：1.163~6.032）和完全缓解后复发(OR=1.325,95%CI：1.033~4.251)］、完全缓解后妊娠（OR=1.625,95%CI：1.235~5.621）的独立因素。BMI＜30kg/m2(OR=1.705,95%CI：1.511~4.981)、采用辅助生殖技术 （OR=2.009,95%CI：1.735~6.235）可提高完全缓解后妊娠率。［结论］ 子宫内膜复杂性不典型增生及早期子宫内膜癌患者采用保守治疗可获得满意疗效。肥胖是影响保守治疗疗效、复发的主要因素,积极控制肥胖,采取辅助生殖技术可提高妊娠率,降低复发。     

年轻早期高分化子宫内膜样腺癌或子宫内膜不典型增生保留生育功能的Ⅱ期临床研究

背景与目的:早期子宫内膜癌保留生育功能的治疗是妇瘤科医生面临的一个挑战。本研究旨在评估醋酸甲地孕酮治疗早期高分化子宫内膜样腺癌和(或)子宫内膜复杂性不典型增生过长的可行性、安全性。方法:本研究为一项单臂、开放性、前瞻性研究。研究对象为40岁以下高分化子宫内膜样腺癌和(或)子宫内膜不典型增生过长且有强烈保留生育功能愿望的初治患者。治疗前清除子宫内膜全部病灶并排除子宫外转移;所有患者激素受体阳性表达。口服醋酸甲地孕酮160 mg/d,每12周进行1次疗效评估;无效者改行手术治疗,完全缓解者巩固1个疗程后进入随访阶段。结果:2006年至今共20例患者纳入本研究,其中14例为子宫内膜癌,6例为子宫内膜不典型增生;治疗24周(2个疗程)后共计17例(85.0%)患者完全缓解,无严重不良事件发生。初次治疗结束后中位随访26个月(9～60个月),所有患者均存活。4例患者在治疗结束后10～24个月复发,1例患者再次行孕激素治疗后缓解,另外3例患者接受手术治疗。6例计划妊娠的患者中2例自然受孕,其中1例患者已经顺产一健康女婴。结论:醋酸甲地孕酮治疗早期高分化子宫内膜样腺癌和(或)子宫内膜不典型增生安全、可行、有效;但是治疗后复发率较高,所有保守治疗者需要密切随访。     

年轻未育妇女子宫内膜不典型增生的处理探讨

本文报道年轻未育妇女子宫内膜不典型增生１４９例，以原发不孕和月经失调为主要症状，经刮宫内膜病理学检查确诊。采用促排卵药物及孕激素治疗，３个月为一疗程。治疗后病理切片复在子宫内膜反应，必要时行手术治疗，可减少子宫内膜腺癌发生（总癌变率为１２．７５％），并有可能获得妊振机会（总妊娠率为３５．５７％）。提示了治疗效果与坚持用药有明显关系（Ｐ＜０．０１），并需严密随访。     

粘蛋白在子宫内膜增生性病变的表达及意义

子宫内膜增生性病变(Endometrial hyperplasia,EH)是女性常见病,可经增生、不典型增生,最后发展为子宫内膜癌。已报道粘蛋白在不同器官的肿瘤中表达且与肿瘤的发生、进展及预后相关。粘蛋白的表达与子宫内膜癌的发生、进展有一定的相关性,本文对粘蛋白在子宫内膜增生性病变和子宫内膜癌中的表达及意义做简要介绍。     

甲羟孕酮对年轻子宫内膜不典型增生患者的疗效研究

目的探讨甲羟孕酮对年轻子宫内膜不典型增生患者的疗效。方法 115例子宫内膜不典型增生患者,轻度、中度和重度不典型增生分别为63、32和20例。所有患者经诊断性刮宫病理检查确诊,应用甲羟孕酮治疗3～6个月后,行诊刮送病理检查以评价其疗效,记录有生育要求患者妊娠情况。结果 115例患者经甲羟孕酮治疗后,109例有效,总有效率达94.7%,轻度、中度和重度子宫内膜不典型增生患者有效率分别为100.0%、93.7%和70.0%,轻度和中度患者总有效率显著高于重度患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。95例有生育要求的患者治疗后64例达临床妊娠,其中轻度患者42例,中度患者15例,重度患者7例,轻度、中度和重度患者妊娠率分别为73.6%、60.0%和53.8%,三组妊娠率比较无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论对有生育要求的年轻子宫内膜不典型增生患者,采用甲羟孕酮保守治疗的效果好,不仅能够有效治疗疾病,而且能够提高患者生活质量,达到生育目的,但要注意密切随访预防复发。     

子宫内膜增生与内膜癌增殖细胞核抗原表达及AgNOR计数关联研究

应用抗增殖细胞核抗原（PCNA）的单克隆抗体，以ABC免疫组织化学方法及银染色方法对112例子宫内膜标本进行测定，并与病理学诊断进行对比分析。结果表明：在各种类型的子宫内膜中，PCNA的表达及AgNOR计数依病变的进展明显递增。子宫内膜癌组PCNA表达及AgNOR计数明显高于正常子宫内膜组及子宫内膜增生组（增殖期例外），各组相互比较有显著差异（P＜0．01）。此种方法是测定子宫内膜增生细胞增殖分数的有效手段。对于判断其生物学行为及预后有重要意义，可做为临床判断良恶性子宫内膜增生的指标之一。     

筋膜外全子宫切除术治疗无生育要求的子宫内膜不典型增生临床观察

目的 探讨不同筋膜外全子宫切除术治疗无生育要求的子宫内膜不典型增生的临床效果,指导其手术方式选择。方法 回顾性分析2018年1月至2021年12月尉氏县人民医院收治的经术后病理学确诊的89例无生育要求的子宫内膜不典型增生患者,其中75例子宫较小者行腹腔镜辅助下筋膜外全子宫切除术(腹腔镜组),余14例行开腹筋膜外全子宫切除术(开腹组),术中所有患者均切除双侧输卵管,部分切除输卵管,必要时给予淋巴结清扫,比较观察2组患者手术时间、术中出血量、肛门首次排气时间、住院时间、并发症等。结果 腹腔镜组75例子宫内膜不典型增生患者的手术时间、术中出血量、肛门首次排气时间、住院时间分别为(90.56±10.49)min、(107.23±19.81)mL、(25.95±3.10)h、(5.11±1.06)d,均明显少于开腹组的(123.29±7.27)min、(226.93±33.22)mL、(39.79±4.37)h、(6.36±1.01)d(t=11.155,P<0.001;t=13.058,P<0.001;t=14.299,P<0.001;t=4.081,P<0.001)。...     

子宫内膜病变组织中脆性组氨酸三联体基因的表达及临床研究

目的探讨脆性组氨酸三联体基因(FHIT)在子宫内膜癌及子宫内膜不典型增生组织中的表达及其与临床意义。方法以75例子宫内膜不典型增生及75例子宫内膜癌患者作为研究组,选取60例同期正常子宫内膜组织作为对照组,采用免疫组织化学(SP)方法,检测研究组与对照组中子宫内膜组织中FHIT的表达情况。并分析FHIT表达与子宫内膜癌病理分期、组织学分级的关系。结果正常子宫内膜、子宫内膜不典型增生、子宫内膜癌组织FHIT阳性表达率分别为96.67%、57.33%、34.67%(P<0.05)。高、中、低分化子宫内膜腺癌患者FHIT阳性表达率分别为61.54%、34.04%、13.33%,三者间有显著差异(P<0.05),Ⅰ期、Ⅱ期、Ⅲ期患者FHIT表达无显著差异。轻、中、重度子宫内膜不典型增生患者FHIT阳性率分别为64.71%、57.57%、52.00%。结论 FHIT作为1种肿瘤抑制基因蛋白,可能成为临床判断子宫内膜不典型增生预后转归的预测因素。     

A Nomogram for Predicting Progression-free Survival in Patients with Endometrial Cancer

AimsEndometrial cancer is one of the most widely known gynaecological malignancies that lacks a prognostic prediction model. This study aimed to develop a nomogram to predict progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with endometrial cancer.Materials and methodsInformation for endometrial cancer patients diagnosed and treated from 1 January 2005 to 30 June 2018 was collected. The Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and multivariate Cox regression analysis were carried out to determine the independent risk factors and a nomogram was constructed by R based on analytical factors. Internal and external validation were then carried out to predict the probability of 3- and 5-year PFS.ResultsIn total, 1020 patients with endometrial cancer were included in the study and the relationship between 25 factors and prognosis was analysed. Postmenopause (hazard ratio = 2.476, 95% confidence interval 1.023–5.994), lymph node metastasis (hazard ratio = 6.242, 95% confidence interval 2.815–13.843), lymphovascular space invasion (hazard ratio = 4.263, 95% confidence interval 1.802–10.087), histological type (hazard ratio = 2.713, 95% confidence interval 1.374–5.356), histological differentiation (hazard ratio = 2.601, 95% confidence interval 1.141–5.927) and parametrial involvement (hazard ratio = 3.596, 95% confidence interval 1.622–7.973) were found to be independent prognostic risk factors; these factors were selected to establish a nomogram. The consistency index for 3-year PFS were 0.88 (95% confidence interval 0.81–0.95) in the training cohort and 0.93 (95% confidence interval 0.87–0.99) in the verification set. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the 3- and 5-year PFS predictions are 0.891 and 0.842 in the training set; the same conclusion also appeared in the verification set [0.835 (3-year), 0.803(5-year)].ConclusionsThis study established a prognostic nomogram for endometrial cancer that provides a more individualised and accurate estimation of PFS for patients, which will help physicians make follow-up strategies and risk stratification.     

预测子宫内膜癌根治术后生存的列线图模型

摘 要： ［目的］ 分析影响子宫内膜癌根治术后生存的相关因素,建立列线图预测模型。［方法］ 选取2013年8月至2015年8月收治的子宫内膜癌患者300例作为建模组,2015年9月至2016年9月收治的52例子宫内膜癌患者作为验证组。采用Kaplan-Meier法计算术后3年及5年生存率,Cox回归模型筛选术后生存率的独立影响因素。基于预后相关独立影响因素建立列线图预测模型。 ［结果］ 术后对300例患者实施5年随访,失访14例,286例患者3年、5年生存率分别为95.45%、86.71%。多因素Cox风险回归分析显示,手术病理分期、组织学分级、肌层浸润深度、淋巴结转移是子宫内膜癌患者术后生存率的独立危险因素（P＜0.05）。基于影响术后生存的危险因素建立列线图预测模型,列线图预测模型预测3年、5年生存率的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.859（95%CI：0.820~0.892）、0.849（95%CI：0.805~0.880）;校准曲线为斜率近似于1的直线。验证组列线图预测3年、5年生存率的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.858（95%CI：0.803~0.903）、0.827（95%CI：0.758~0.876）。Kaplan-Meier生存曲线结果显示,高危组患者5年生存率为78.63%,明显低于低危组患者的92.31%（P＜0.05）。［结论］ 基于子宫内膜癌根治术后生存率的影响因素建立列线图预测模型预测术后3年、5年生存率的区分度与一致性良好,可为子宫内膜癌的术后辅助治疗提供一定参考价值。     

Risk Factors for Endometrial Hyperplasia Concomitant Endometrial Polyps in Pre- and Post-menopausal Women

Purpose: To evaluate the risk factors for endometrial hyperplasia concomitant endometrial polyps in preand post-menopausal women. Materials and Methods: A total of 203 patients undergoing endometrial sampling before hysterectomy were evaluated in this retrospective study. Data recorded were age, gravidity, parity,body mass index (BMI: weight(kg)/height(m)2), endometrial thickness (ET), menopausal status, presence of adenomyosis and diabetes mellitus. Results: Endometrial hyperplasia and polyps were detected in 13 patients. There were statistically significant differences in terms of age, menopausal status, morbid obesity and diabetes mellitus (p<0.005). Logistic regression demonstrated that menopausal status and presence of diabetes mellitus were independent risk factors. Conclusions: According to the current study; menopause and diabetes mellitus are strong risk factors for the presence of concomitant endometrial polyps and endometrial hyperplasia.     

A Risk-scoring Model for Predicting Post-recurrence Survival in Patients With Endometrial Carcinoma

AimsThe survival time of patients with recurrent endometrial carcinoma is generally short. However, considerable interindividual variation exists. We developed a risk-scoring model for predicting post-recurrence survival in patients with endometrial carcinoma.Materials and methodsPatients with endometrial carcinoma treated at a single institution between 2007 and 2013 were identified. Pearson chi-squared analyses were used to compute odds ratios for the associations between risk factors and short survival after cancer recurrence. The results for biochemical analyses represented values at diagnosis of disease recurrence or values at initial diagnosis for those patients who had a primary refractory disease. Logistic regression models were constructed for the identification of variables that independently predict short post-recurrence survival. The models were used to assign points based on odds ratios for risk factors and risk scores were derived.ResultsIn total, 236 patients with recurrent endometrial carcinoma were included in the study. Based on overall survival analysis, 12 months was selected as the cut-off for short post-recurrence survival. Factors associated with short post-recurrence survival were platelet count, serum CA125 concentration and progression-free survival. A risk-scoring model with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.782 (95% confidence interval 0.713–0.851) was developed in patients without missing data (n = 182). When patients with a primary refractory disease were excluded, age and blood haemoglobin concentration were identified as additional predictors of short post-recurrence survival. For this subpopulation (n = 152), a risk-scoring model with an AUC of 0.821 (95% confidence interval 0.750–0.892) was developed.ConclusionsWe report a risk-scoring model that shows acceptable to excellent accuracy in predicting post-recurrence survival in patients with endometrial carcinoma, with primary refractory diseases included or excluded. This model has potential applications in precision medicine in patients with endometrial carcinoma.     

早期宫颈癌淋巴结转移的高危因素分析及列线图预测模型的构建

 目的 探讨临床病理特征与早期宫颈癌淋巴结转移的关系，同时建立列线图模型预测只行根治性手术而未进行淋巴结清扫的早期宫颈癌患者淋巴结转移情况。方法 回顾性收集福建医科大学附属第一医院妇科432例行子宫切除及淋巴结清扫术并经病理组织学确诊的早期宫颈癌患者术后临床病理资料。运用Logistic回归分析确定早期宫颈癌淋巴结转移的高危因素。建立预测早期宫颈癌淋巴结转移风险的列线图模型，分别用一致性系数（C-index）和校准曲线评估模型的预测性能和符合度。结果 432例早期宫颈癌患者中，有84例患者出现转移，阳性率19.4%。多因素分析显示肿瘤最大径>3 cm、宫旁浸润、淋巴血管间质浸润是早期宫颈癌患者淋巴结转移的独立危险因素，其OR分别为1.98（95%CI:1.17~3.34）、2.64（95%CI: 1.28~5.44）、4.77（95%CI: 2.60~8.75）。用于预测淋巴结转移风险的列线图的准确度为0.687。结论 基于肿瘤最大径>3 cm、宫旁浸润和淋巴血管间质浸润构建的列线图，可用于指导只行根治性手术而未行淋巴结清扫的早期宫颈癌患者的进一步治疗。     

年轻子宫内膜癌患者卵巢转移的危险因素分析

[目的]探讨年轻子宫内膜癌患者发生卵巢转移的危险因素.[方法]回顾性分析2000年1月至2011年12月住院的年龄≤45岁的85例子宫内膜癌患者的临床病理资料.[结果] 85例年轻子宫内膜癌患者中,7例发生卵巢转移.卵巢转移发生率为8.23％(7/85).单因素分析显示,年轻子宫内膜癌患者发生卵巢转移的危险因素为肿瘤大体类型、子宫肌层浸润、脉管瘤栓、输卵管转移和阴道受侵(P均＜0.05).[结论]保留卵巢能提高年轻子宫内膜癌患者的生活质量.年轻子宫内膜癌患者在进行彻底手术病理分期,确定无卵巢隐性转移及卵巢转移高危因素后,可以选择保留卵巢,并应对保留卵巢患者严密随访.     

基于SEER数据库的转移性结肠癌患者早期死亡预测列线图模型构建

目的构建预测转移性结肠癌(mCC)患者早期死亡的列线图模型。方法从SEER数据库中选择6669例符合条件的mCC患者。根据多因素Logistic回归中的危险因素构建列线图。通过C-index、校准曲线和临床决策曲线分析(DCA)评估列线图的预测性能。结果原发肿瘤位置、肿瘤分化、T分期、M分期、骨转移、脑转移、CEA、肿瘤大小、年龄和婚姻状态是mCC患者早期死亡的独立影响因素。基于这些变量构建列线图,C-index和校准曲线显示模型具有很好的预测能力,DCA曲线显示列线图可以使患者有较好的临床获益。结论该列线图具有良好的预测能力,能够帮助医生识别可能早期死亡的高危mCC患者,有助于制定个性化治疗策略。     

绝经前子宫内膜癌的危险因素分析

[目的]分析绝经前子宫内膜癌的危险因素,为临床诊治提供参考依据.[方法] 2006年1月至2010年12月间因阴道出血就诊的绝经前患者1 283例,其中子宫内膜正常1 239例,子宫内膜癌44例;收集两组病例的临床资料,采用Logistic回归分析危险因素的危险度.[结果]多因素Logistic回归分析显示多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)患者患子宫内膜癌风险是非PCOS的28.594倍(95％CI为11.983～73.407).糖尿病者患有子宫内膜癌的风险是非糖尿病患者的43.965倍(95％CI为11.783～164.041).三苯氧胺(TAM)使用史者患子宫内膜癌的风险是无TAM使用史的65.074倍(95％CI为8.993～476.172).肿瘤家族史者患子宫内膜癌的风险是无肿瘤家族史患者的67.797倍(95％CI为9.622～377.687).[结论]PCOS、糖尿病、TAM使用史和肿瘤家族史是子宫内膜癌的危险因素.针对危险因素采取防治措施对预防子宫内膜癌发病有着一定的价值.     

Predicting Factors for Pelvic Lymph Node Metastasis in Patients with Apparently Early-Stage Endometrial Cancer

Background: Performing lymphadenectomy in all patients with early-stage endometrial cancer (EC) is debatable because the procedure may expose patients to unnecessary risks of postoperative complications. Aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and risk factors of pelvic lymph node metastasis (PLNM) in patients with apparently early-stage EC. Materials and methods: Two hundred and two patients with apparently early-stage EC who underwent surgical staging at Thammasat University Hospital between the years 2013 and 2020 were included in this retrospective study. Clinicopathological data and preoperative laboratory results were obtained from computer-based medical records. All data were statistically analyzed to determine the prevalence of PLNM and risk factors for developing PLNM. Results: PLNM was detected in 22 (10.9%) patients. Univariate analysis demonstrated that having grade 3 tumor, myometrial invasion of 50% or greater, vaginal involvement, cervical involvement, adnexal involvement, lower uterine segment involvement, lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI), and positive peritoneal cytology were associated with higher risk for developing PLNM. In addition, lower preoperative hemoglobin level and higher preoperative white blood cell count were significantly associated with PLNM. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that myometrial invasion of 50% or greater and LVSI were independent risk factors for developing PLNM (odds ratio (OR) 9.31, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.58-33.55, p = 0.001, and OR 3.73, 95%CI 1.39-10.02, p = 0.009, respectively). Conclusions: Myometrial invasion of 50% or greater and LVSI were independent risk factors for developing PLNM in patients with apparently early-stage EC and thus lymphadenectomy in these patients should be provided.     

基于SEER数据库的儿童青少年室管膜瘤预后Nomogram模型的构建和验证

目的 基于SEER数据库构建并验证儿童青少年室管膜瘤的Nomogram预测模型.方法 获取1975—2016年SEER数据库临床病理信息,单变量和多变量Cox比例风险回归模型确定潜在的预测因素,构建Nomogram模型预测5年和10年总生存率.通过一致性指数、受试者工作特征曲线和校准曲线值来评估列线图的辨别能力.决策曲...