Locoregional recurrence and survival after curative resection of adenocarcinoma of the colon

BACKGROUND: There is wide variability in reported locoregional recurrence rates after curative resection of adenocarcinoma of the intraperitoneal colon, and there is no universally accepted surgical technique regarding length of the resected specimen or extent of lymphadenectomy. The aim of this study was to determine the disease-free survival, locoregional failure, and perioperative morbidity of patients undergoing curative resection of colon adenocarcinoma. STUDY DESIGN: The records of 316 consecutive patients undergoing curative resection for primary adenocarcinoma of the intraperitoneal colon between 1990 and 1995 were reviewed. Locoregional recurrence was defined as disease at the anastomosis or in the adjacent mesentery, peritoneum, retroperitoneum, or carcinomatosis. The product-limit method (Kaplan-Meier) was used to analyze survival and tumor recurrence. RESULTS: The study population comprised 167 men and 149 women, mean age 70+/-12 years (range 22 to 95 years). Median followup was 63+/-25 months. Five-year disease-free survival was 84% overall. Disease-free survival paralleled tumor stage: stage I, 99% (n = 73); stage II, 87% (n = 151); stage III, 72% (n = 92). The predominant pattern of tumor recurrence was distant failure only. Overall locoregional recurrence (locoregional and locoregional plus distant) at 5 years was 4%. Locoregional recurrence paralleled tumor stage: stage I, 0%; stage II, 2%; stage III, 10%. Of the 12 patients who suffered locoregional recurrence, 9 (75%) had T4 primary tumors, N2 nodal disease, or both. Major and minor complications occurred in 93 patients (29%) including: anastomotic leak or intraabdominal abscess (n = 4, 1%); hemorrhage (n = 8, 3%); cardiac complications (n= 17, 5%); pulmonary embolism (n=4, 10%); death (n=2, 1%). Multivariate analysis (Cox proportional hazards) revealed that the only independent predictor of disease-free survival and locoregional control was tumor stage. CONCLUSION: Longterm survival and locoregional control can be achieved for patients with colon cancer, with low morbidity. In the absence of adjacent organ invasion and N2 nodal disease, locoregional recurrence should be a rare event. Just as for rectal cancer, the technical aspects of colectomy for colon cancer deserve renewed attention.     

Spermatic cord metastasis from colon cancer: report of a case

We herein report an extremely rare case of a solitary metastasis to the spermatic cord from colon cancer. A 71-year-old man who had undergone a right hemicolectomy for stage II cecal cancer 12 months prior, and who had not received adjuvant chemotherapy, was found to have a mass in the right groin region. Computed tomography (CT) revealed that the right spermatic cord was involved in a heterogeneously enhanced mass that measured 37 mm in diameter. A right high orchiectomy was performed. Histological examination of the resected tumor revealed well-differentiated adenocarcinoma compatible with a metastasis from colon cancer. The patient has been doing well, without recurrence, for 15 months postoperatively. To our knowledge, this is the 9th case of a solitary metastasis to the spermatic cord from colon cancer to be reported in the Japanese literature. The survival data of the collected cases suggest that resection of the solitary metastasis to the spermatic cord from colon cancer improves the patient prognosis.     

Extraabdominal desmoid tumor of the chest wall

We report a rare case of desmoid tumor of the chest wall. A 75-year-old female visited our hospital due to a feeling of oppression in the left chest. A chest X-ray, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a large mass in the left thorax. Surgical resection of the tumor was performed under the left standard thoracotomy. The tumor was 90 x 80 x 75 mm in size and diagnosed pathologically as desmoid tumor which showed proliferation of spindle shape cells and collagen fibers. Immunohistochemistry revealed that the tumor cells were positive for vimentin, alpha-smooth muscle actin and negative for CD34. The patient has been well without recurrence for 2 years and 2 months after surgery.     

氩氦刀冷冻消融姑息治疗韧带样纤维瘤

目的探讨氩氦刀冷冻消融术在姑息治疗韧带样纤维瘤中的临床应用价值。方法回顾性分析我院收治的5例术后复发的韧带样纤维瘤患者,采用CT引导经皮氩氦刀冷冻消融术进行治疗。对比术前及术后肿瘤大小、密度、强化方式、临床症状及血液学指标的变化,分析术后并发症的发生情况。结果 5例患者均顺利完成消融治疗。其中2例患者分别行3次及4次消融治疗,术后CT增强扫描示消融区明显液化坏死,边界清晰;残余肿瘤可见不同程度强化,术后12个月复查,5例患者肿瘤缓解率为80%(4/5);临床症状均有不同程度好转;术后并发症主要为疼痛、发热、软组织肿胀、排尿不畅、会阴部麻木等,1例患者出现皮肤冻伤;术后患者血液学指标急性期升高。结论 CT引导经皮氩氦刀冷冻消融术具有创伤小、能有效降低瘤负荷、缓解临床症状等特点,可作为姑息治疗术后复发韧带样纤维瘤的一种有效方法。     

Ⅱ-Ⅲ期结肠癌根治术后复发危险因素分析及其列线图预测模型的应用价值

目的探讨Ⅱ~Ⅲ期结肠癌根治术后复发危险因素及其列线图预测模型的应用价值。方法采用回顾性病例对照研究方法。收集2013年1月至2016年6月西安交通大学第一附属医院收治的228例行根治性切除术治疗Ⅱ~Ⅲ期结肠癌病人的临床病理资料;男118例,女110例;中位年龄为62岁,年龄范围为25~87岁。所有病人行开腹或腹腔镜辅助结肠癌根治性切除术。观察指标:(1)术后复发情况。(2)影响Ⅱ~Ⅲ期结肠癌根治术后复发的危险因素分析。(3)Ⅱ~Ⅲ期结肠癌根治术后复发列线图预测模型的构建及评价。采用门诊或电话方式进行随访,了解病人术后3年复发情况。随访时间截至2019年6月。偏态分布的计量资料以M(范围)表示。计数资料以绝对数表示,组间比较采用Pearsonχ2检验或Fisher确切概率法。多因素分析采用Logistic逐步回归分析。将独立危险因素引入R 3.6.1软件,构建列线图预测模型。绘制受试者工作特征曲线(ROC),以曲线下面积(AUC)评价列线图预测模型的区分度。使用R软件绘制校准度曲线图评价列线图预测模型的一致性。结果(1)术后复发情况:228例病人中,53例术后复发,其中局部复发19例,远处转移34例。34例远处转移病人中,肝转移14例、肺转移7例、脑转移4例、多发转移及其他部位单发转移9例。53例病人术后复发时间为12个月(6~19个月)。(2)影响Ⅱ~Ⅲ期结肠癌根治术后复发的危险因素分析:单因素分析结果为肠梗阻、术前癌胚抗原(CEA)、腹腔积液、血管侵犯是影响Ⅱ~Ⅲ期结肠癌根治术后复发的相关因素(χ²=4.463、13.622、10.914、5.911,P<0.05)。病理学N分期是影响Ⅱ~Ⅲ期结肠癌根治术后复发的相关因素(P<0.05)。多因素分析结果显示:术前CEA>5μg/L、腹腔积液、血管侵犯、病理学N分期为N1期或N2期是影响Ⅱ~Ⅲ期结肠癌根治术后复发的独立危险因素(优势比=3.129,3.071,7.634,3.439,15.467,95%可信区间为1.328~7.373,1.047~9.007,1.103~52.824,1.422~8.319,3.498~68.397,P<0.05)。(3)Ⅱ~Ⅲ期结肠癌根治术后复发列线图预测模型的构建及评价:根据多因素分析结果,将术前CEA、腹腔积液、血管侵犯及病理学N分期引入R 3.6.1软件,构建Ⅱ~Ⅲ期结肠癌根治术后复发的列线图预测模型。术前CEA>5μg/L的列线图评分为41.7分,腹腔积液为41.0分,血管侵犯为74.2分,病理学N分期N1期为45.1分、N2期为100.0分,各项危险因素不同取值得分总和对应术后复发概率。绘制ROC评价列线图预测Ⅱ~Ⅲ期结肠癌根治术后复发的能力,其AUC为0.805(95%可信区间为0.737~0.873,P<0.05)。校准曲线图显示Ⅱ~Ⅲ期结肠癌根治术后列线图模型预测复发概率与实际复发概率具有较好一致性。结论术前CEA>5μg/L、腹腔积液、血管侵犯、病理学N分期为N1或N2期是Ⅱ~Ⅲ期结肠癌根治术后复发的独立危险因素;以此构建列线图预测模型有助于预测Ⅱ~Ⅲ期结肠癌根治术后复发风险。     

Complete Remission of Recurrent Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors After Treatment with Imatinib: Report of a Case

A 49-year-old man underwent partial resection of the jejunum for an abdominal tumor, which was histologically confirmed to be a gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST). Immunohistochemistry revealed that the tumor cells were positive for c-kit, p52, and MIB-1. He underwent resection of a total of 83 recurrent tumors over the next 36 months. A computed tomography (CT) scan done a few months later showed multiple tumor recurrences. The patient was started on imatinib mesylate 400 mg/day, and 3 months later, a CT image showed an increase in tumor size but a decrease in tumor density. Subsequent CT scans showed a marked decrease in tumor size 3 months later and no evidence of tumor recurrence 9 and 12 months after the commencement of imatinib treatment. The patient remains in complete remission 31 months after the start of treatment.     

Desmoid tumor of the chest wall infiltrating into the brachial plexus: report of a resected case

We report a case of a desmoid tumor which developed in the apex of the chest wall. A 18-year-old woman was admitted with left shoulder pain. Chest X-ray showed a mass shadow in the left upper lung field. Chest MRI demonstrated the mass infiltrated into the left brachial plexus. A desmoid tumor was suspected on percutaneous needle biopsy. Resection of the tumor was performed. The mass was 13 x 9 x 5 cm in size and diagnosed pathologically as desmoid tumor. Adjunctive postoperative radiation therapy of 60 Gy was done. Postoperative course was uneventful except motor disturbances of the left fingers. At 15 months postoperatively, there was no evidence of recurrence.     

Therapeutic Management and Outcome of Locoregional Recurrence After Curative Colorectal Cancer Therapy—a Single-Center Analysis

Locoregional tumor recurrence after curative therapy for colorectal cancer is therapeutically challenging and associated with poor prognosis. Goal of this single-center study was to analyze patients with locoregional recurrence with regard to therapeutic strategies and outcome for colon and rectal cancer each. Charts of all patients surgically treated for colorectal cancer in the period from 2000 to 2011 (n?=?1296) were examined; patients with locoregional recurrence (n?=?86) were then further analyzed. Fifty-three (10.2 %) patients with rectal and 33 (5.6 %) patients with colon cancer developed a locoregional recurrence, median 24.5 months after first diagnosis. Recurrence-specific therapy was applied in the majority of the patients (84.8 % colon, 90.7 % rectum); a surgical approach was undertaken in 82.1 % (colon) and in 56.3 % (rectum). Five-year overall survival after locoregional recurrence was 13 % for rectal cancer and 9 % for colon cancer. Itemized analysis for the approached therapeutic regimens revealed that radical recurrence resection (R0) significantly prolongs overall survival (p?=?0.003) in rectal cancer, as does a surgical approach itself, as compared to conservative treatment modalities. If feasible, oncologic radical resection of the relapse (R0) significantly influences patient outcome and overall survival in rectal cancer.     

A small mucinous cystadenocarcinoma of the liver detected by a fluid-fluid level on ultrasonography

A case of small, borderline malignant biliary mucinous cystic tumor is presented. The patient initially presented to us 18 months earlier to undergo a sigmoid colon resection for sigmoid colon cancer. At that time, a liver cyst measuring 18×12mm was detected. On a follow-up abdominal ultrasonography study for colon cancer, the liver cyst had enlarged to 21mm in diameter and contained a fluid-fluid level 18 months after surgery. Histological examination of a needle biopsy specimen indicated possible adenocarcinoma. Lateral segmentectomy of the liver was performed. Histopathologically, the tumor was diagnosed as a mucinous cystic tumor, of border line malignancy, which had originated from a bile duct gland. It contained both mucinous and serous components, which were thought to have caused the formation of a fluid-fluid level within the cyst. In this case, the fluid-fluid level demonstrated by ultrasonography was beneficial in the early detection of a cystic tumor of the liver. This case may be the smallest reported cystadenocarcinoma of the liver yet published.     

Risk factors associated with local recurrence after curative resection for rectal cancer

A retrospective study was conducted to identify the factors related to locoregional recurrence in patients who underwent curative resections for primary rectal cancer between January 1986 and April 1994 at Ankara Oncology Hospital in Turkey. A step-wise logistic regression analysis was applied for 116 patients who had complete follow-up. Age, sex, macroscopic size of the lesion, tumor location in the rectum as determined by the distance from the anal verge, obstruction at presentation, tumor histology, lymphatic invasion, venous invasion, stage according to TNM classification, differentiation of the tumor, surgical treatment modality, radical abdominopelvic lymphadenectomy (RAPL), and blood transfusion were used as the clinico-pathologic variables. Locoregional recurrent disease was found after a mean follow-up period of 52 months in 28 (24.1%) patients, while the median recurrence-free period was 12 months. Univariate analysis demonstrated that age, disease stage, tumor grade, obstruction, RAPL, blood transfusion, and venous and lymphatic invasion were significant risk factors (P<0.05); however, using multivariate analysis, an increased risk for the development of locoregional recurrence was found to be associated with: age (P=0.0052), stage (P=0.0379), blood transfusion (P=0.0276), obstruction (P=0.0035), and RAPL (P=0.0069).     

结肠癌术后局部复发的现状和进展

结肠癌是消化系统最常见的恶性肿瘤之一.手术是结肠癌最主要的治疗方式,而术后局部复发是决定结肠癌患者生存率及生活质量的重要因素,并且是目前评价手术质量的一项重要指标.因肠梗阻和肠穿孔行急诊手术是局部复发的独立危险因素,T和N分期、肿瘤大体形态、神经血管是否受侵也是影响局部复发的重要因素.目前认为对于有适应证的患者行再次手术仍可获得较好的预后,全部切除复发肿瘤并且达到阴性切缘(R0切除)是获得长期生存的首要条件.再手术后切缘病理状况、局部复发部位、复发肿瘤数目及大小、肿瘤分期、术前血清CEA的水平、是否存在远处转移均是影响术后肿瘤特异性生存率的独立因素.     

Photodynamic therapy for esophageal tumors

Between 1982 and 1987, 40 patients with esophageal tumors (19 adenocarcinomas, 19 squamous carcinomas, and two melanomas) in whom conventional treatments were unsuccessful were treated with photodynamic therapy (PDT) after injection with either hematoporphyrin derivative or dihematoporphyrin ether. Patients underwent endoscopy again two to three days and one month after PDT and as needed when symptoms recurred. At one month, the average minimal diameter opening of 28 assessable tumors increased from 6 to 9 mm. Of the 35 patients who could be evaluated one month after PDT, the average improvement in food intake was from a liquid to a soft diet. Average survival time (from time of first treatment) was 7.7 months (n = 17) for adenocarcinoma, 5.8 months (n = 12) for squamous cell carcinoma, and 25 months (n = 2) for melanoma. Two patients with stage I adenocarcinoma were alive with no evidence of disease at 11 and 23 months. One patient with stage I squamous cell cancer died 18 months after PDT, with recurrence of tumor above the treated area noted eight months after treatment. One patient with stage I melanoma died of a synchronous colon cancer 31 months after PDT, with no evidence of residual melanoma.     

Percutaneous radiofrequency thermal ablation of primary and metastatic lung tumors.

OBJECTIVE: Primary lung cancer is the leading cause of death from cancer. For patients with inoperable lung cancer, percutaneous radiofrequency thermal ablation (RFA) under CT-guidance represents a minimally invasive treatment. It can also be applied in combination with radiation therapy and chemotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a period of 18 months, RFA under CT-guidance 27 ablations were applied on 22 patients, 14 patients with primary lung cancer and 8 patients with metastatic lung tumor. There were 15 men and 7 women ranging in age between 48 and 79 years. All patients were not surgical candidates either due to the advanced stage or due to comorbid diseases, while five denied surgery. The lesions' size was no bigger than 6 cm (range 1-6 cm) with an average of 3.8 cm. The diagnosis of all treated lesions was obtained with percutaneous biopsy under CT guidance. The procedure was performed under local anesthesia. RESULTS: There were no major complications observed, but a small pneumothorax and a minor hemoptysis in four cases, all conservatively treated. All patients were hospitalized for 24h. Follow-up was initially done in 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after RFA and it was accomplished by personal interview or by telephone call up to December 2005. Median progression free intervals were 26.4 months for primary lung cancer and 29.2 months for metastatic tumor. CONCLUSION: RFA is a minimally invasive technique that can be used as a palliative treatment in nonsurgical candidates with primary or metastatic lung tumor with a low morbidity and mortality.     

Papillary adenocarcinoma of the prostate with good response to antiandrogen therapy and delayed radiotherapy: a case report]

A 76-year-old man complained of initial hematuria and dysuria. Right lobe of the prostate was elastic soft, enlarged and hypoechoic. The serum levels of PA and gamma-Sm were abnormally high. Prostatic biopsy showed papillary adenocarcinoma which was stained by prostatic specific antigen (PA). The cancer was clinically diagnosed as stage C. Antiandrogen therapy was performed. After three months, the prostatic tumor markers decreased to the normal range and the tumor reduced in size without any findings of metastasis on CT scan. Because prostatic biopsy showed viable cancer cells, radiotherapy was added. After six months, the tumor reduced in size without any signs of metastasis on CT scan and prostatic biopsy revealed no viable cancer cells or elevation of the tumor markers. The positive staining for PA and the good response to antiandrogen therapy in our case support the view that papillary adenocarcinoma of the prostate is only a morphologic variant of ordinary prostatic carcinoma (acinous adenocarcinoma).     

Giant prostate carcinoma treated effectively with endocrine therapy: case report

An 87-year-old man visited our hospital, complaining of abdominal distention and inability to urinate. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a giant prostate tumor. The patient underwent percutaneous tumor biopsies. The histologic diagnosis was moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma of prostate. The clinical stage according to the TNM classification system was T4N0M0, stage IV. Combined androgen blockade therapy was performed. Four months later, CT showed that the tumor had decreased markedly in size, and the serum prostate specific antigen level was within normal range. Hormone refractory prostate cancer was not found 1 year after the start of treatment.     

Peripheral small squamous cell carcinoma (9 mm) of the lung with metastasis to mediastinal lymph nodes

A 61-year-old man was pointed out a small peripheral lung nodule and mediastinal lymph node swelling on the chest computed tomography (CT). At the operation, it was diagnosed squamous cell carcinoma and right upper lobectomy and nodal dissection were done. The tumor was 9 mm in size and diagnosed as well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma with metastasis to mediastinal lymph nodes. Postoperative radiotherapy was done (50 Gy). The patient is doing well without apparent recurrence 33 months after surgery. We reported a case of peripheral small squamous cell carcinoma (9 mm) of the lung with metastasis to mediastinal lymph nodes.     

p27蛋白在Ⅱ期结肠癌组织中的表达及其意义

目的 探讨p27蛋白在Ⅱ期结肠癌组织中的表达意义.方法 应用免疫组织化学方法结合组织芯片技术检测北京肿瘤医院57例Ⅱ期结肠癌组织中p27蛋白的表达情况,采用Kaplan-Meier法进行生存分析,Pearson X2检验其相关性,Cox比例风险回归模型进行多因素分析.结果 在Ⅱ期结肠癌中p27蛋白的高表达率为60%(34/57),与结肠癌的分化程度、肿瘤部位、远处转移有关(X2=5.97,5.93,5.05,P＜0.05);与患者年龄、肿瘤大小、生长方式等无关(X2=0.64,0.49,0.33,P＞0.05);p27蛋白高表达患者5年生存率为94%(32/34),明显高于低表达患者的78%(18/23)(X2=3.86,P＜0.05).多因素分析显示:p27蛋白低表达和肿瘤穿透浆膜累及癌周是Ⅱ期结肠癌的独立不良预后因素.结论 p27蛋白低表达是Ⅱ期结肠癌的独立不良预后因素之一,可以为临床筛选高危Ⅱ期结肠癌提供重要参考依据.     

Primary intestinal type adenocarcinoma of the urinary bladder: a case report]

A 43-year-old man was referred to our hospital with complaints of macroscopic hematuria, micturition pain, and pollakisuria. Cystoscopy revealed a papillary broad-based tumor of 4 cm in diameter at the posterior wall and trigone of the urinary bladder. A punch biopsy specimen was diagnosed histopathologically as adenocarcinoma mimicking colorectal cancer. Computed tomographic (CT) scan demonstrated a large tumor involving both the urinary bladder and the rectum. Total cystoprostatectomy and low anterior resection following colorectal anastomosis, double barreled colostomy, and ileal conduit urinary diversion were performed. The tumor was diagnosed histopathologically as primary intestinal type adenocarcinoma of the urinary bladder infiltrating the sigmoid colon and the small intestine. The patient died 12 months after the operation due to peritonitis carcinomatosa.     

A two-step laparoscopy-assisted curative resection for a patient with obstructive colitis accompanied by advanced sigmoid colon carcinoma: Report of a case

This report presents the case of a two-step laparoscopic resection and reconstruction for obstructive colitis accompanied by advanced sigmoid colon cancer. An 81-year-old woman was admitted with a diagnosis of ileus. Computed tomography revealed a circumferential tumor in the sigmoid colon and a diffuse dilated large intestine on the oral side of the tumor. On the 7th day after admission, her temperature was 38.8°C, she had increased white blood cell count (24 610 cells/mm(3)), and suffered persistent severe abdominal pain. An emergency laparoscopy-assisted Hartmann procedure was performed, based on a tentative diagnosis of obstructive colitis due to sigmoid colon cancer. The descending colon and residual rectum were anastomosed laparoscopically by double-stapling technique 6 months after the initial surgery. Her postoperative course was uneventful for both procedures and she was discharged after 10 and 18 postoperative days, respectively. This case demonstrates that an initial laparoscopic emergency excision followed by a later reconstruction might be a safe and simple surgical technique for patients with obstructive colitis accompanied by left-sided colon carcinoma.     

Risk factors for occult nodal metastasis in clinical T1N0 lung cancer: a negative impact on survival

BACKGROUND: The application of CT imaging has increased the identification of patients with clinical T1N0 (cT1N0) lung cancer. The optimal management strategy for these early stage lung cancers remains unclear. We analyzed the impact of occult nodal metastasis on cT1N0 lung cancer patients. METHODS: We studied patients with cT1N0 lung cancer enrolled in our database from January 1995 to December 2002. Preoperative staging was confirmed by review of CT and PET scan studies. Pathology specimens were reviewed. Multivariate analysis was performed to determine the risk of occult nodal involvement. Kaplan-Meier method was applied to analyze survival. RESULTS: Two hundred and ninety-seven patients with cT1N0 disease were identified. Fifty-eight percent of patients were pathological T1N0. Overall, 15% of patients had occult nodal metastasis. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated a three-fold increase in the risk of having pathologic stage II or stage III disease with every 1.0 cm increase in tumor size (odds ratio 3.2; 95% CI: 2.3-4.6). Multivariate analysis demonstrated tumor size to be a significant predictor of nodal metastasis (adjusted odds ratio 3.5; 95% CI: 2.4-5.1). Median survival was different between pathological stage I (96.3 months), stage II (41.4 months), and stage III (36.1 months) disease (p=0.002). CONCLUSION: Clinical T1N0 tumors are often understaged. The risk of occult nodal disease increases with tumor size, and this occult disease negatively impacts survival. Because of the limitations of clinical staging, we believe that lobectomy and lymph node analysis should be offered to cT1N0 lung cancer patients to provide accurate staging and to optimize multimodality adjuvant treatment of lung cancer.