北京市顺义区人群体质指数与血糖及血脂的相关性分析

目的探讨北京市顺义区人群体质指数(BMI)与血糖及血脂的关系。方法运用与人口规模成比例的概率抽样方法,抽取18~79岁顺义区常住居民3 840人进行血糖、血脂及相关因素调查;计算BMI;检测空腹血糖(FPG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)等指标,并对相关资料进行统计分析。结果该地区人群超重率和肥胖率分别为38.3%和27.1%,其中男性超重率(40.2%)和肥胖率(29.3%)明显高于女性超重率(36.8%)和肥胖率(25.3%),差异有统计学意义(均P0.05);人群平均BMI及超重、肥胖率均随年龄的增加有增加的趋势(P0.05);不论男性还是女性,超重和肥胖组高血糖和血脂异常的检出率均高于正常组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);各年龄组内,高血糖及血脂异常检出率随BMI的增高呈增高的趋势(均P0.05)。结论顺义区人群超重、肥胖形势严峻,且超重、肥胖与高血糖和血脂异常密切相关,开展群体超重、肥胖干预行动刻不容缓。     

体质指数对血压、血糖、血脂的影响

目的 探讨超重、肥胖对血压、血糖、血脂的影响.方法 对2009年医院体检中心1017名健康体检人群的体质指数(BMI)、血压、血糖、血脂等结果 进行统计分析.结果 超重检出率31.37%,肥胖检出率4.92%;随BMI升高,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平减低,收缩压、舒张压、空腹血糖、总胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平逐渐升高,高血压、高血糖、高血脂检出率亦增高.结论 健康体检人群超重、肥胖率较高,超重、肥胖与高血压、高血糖、高血脂关系密切,需采取早期有效措施控制超重和肥胖倾向.     

河北省部分干部人群超重、肥胖与血压、血脂及血糖的关系

目的 探讨成人超重、肥胖与血压、血脂及血糖等心血管疾病危险因素的关系.方法 于2007年5-6月对河北省机关事业单位干部1 499人,进行身高、体重、血压测量和空腹血糖、血脂检测.比较不同体质指数(BMI)人群的舒张压(DBP)、收缩压(SBP)、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆同醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、血糖水平及各指标异常率,并进行单因素Logistic回归分析和各危险因素聚集性分析.结果 超重和肥胖总检出率为49.9%.其中男性65.7%,女性33.5%,男性超重率和肥胖率均高于女性,差别有统计学意义(P=0.000).与正常体重成人相比,超重和肥胖组成人SBP、DBP、TC、TG、LDL-C和血糖水平均明显升高,HDL-C明显降低,差别有统计学意义(P<0.05).高SBP、高DBP、高TC、高TG、高LDL-C和低HD L-C检出率均明显升高(P<0.05).超重和肥胖成人SBP、DBP、TC、TG、LDL-C升高的危险性分别为BMI正常成人的2.27、2.37、2.97、2.24、5.37倍,HDL-C降低的危险性为BMI正常成人的4.02倍.拥有心血管疾病危险因素个数与体重指数等级呈线性相关(X2趋势=238.485,P=0.000).结论 河北省机关事业单位干部人群超重和肥胖率较高,超重和肥胖者患高血压、血脂异常的危险性增加.     

2021年湖南省中学生超重肥胖与血压的关联性研究

目的 调查湖南省中学生超重肥胖与血压偏高的流行现状、影响因素及关联性，为中学生超重肥胖和血压偏高的防控提供科学依据。方法 于2021年采取多阶段分层整群抽样的方法抽取省内30 530名中学生进行体格检查和问卷调查，通过χ²检验、logistic回归控制混杂因素并分析超重肥胖与血压偏高的影响因素和关联性。结果 2021年湖南省中学生总超重肥胖率27.90%、血压偏高率10.01%。男生超重肥胖率(31.95%)和血压偏高率(10.41%)均显著高于女生(超重肥胖率：23.72%;血压偏高率：9.59%)。不同中学类型(χ²=39.270,P<0.001)、一周内60 min以上中高强度运动天数(χ²=6.427,P=0.040)、BMI等级(χ²=770.706,P<0.001)之间血压偏高检出率差异有统计学意义；BMI等级与血压偏高具有一定相关性，且随着BMI等级的升高，血压偏高的风险随之增加(R=0.142,P<0.001)。超重、肥胖的中学生血压偏高的风险分别是BMI指数正常者...     

健康风险评估系统对超重和肥胖人群心血管系统功能状态的应用价值

目的探讨超重、肥胖对高血压、心血管系统的影响,并评价健康风险评估(health risk appraisal,HRA)系统对心血管系统疾病早期诊断的应用价值。方法选取来我体检中心健康体检的400人为调查对象,测量身高、体重、血压、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、空腹血糖和血尿酸,计算体质指数(BMI),HRA检测其心血管系统功能状态。应用SPSS 17.0软件进行χ2检验。结果共纳入400例体检者,超重率和肥胖率分别为47.8%和18.0%,男性组超重率(50.7%)、肥胖率(26.6%)均明显高于女性组(分别为36.8%、8.2%),差异均有统计学意义(P0.01);不同年龄组间肥胖率差异有统计学意义(χ2=11.5,P0.01);肥胖者的高血压检出率为46.1%、心血管危险因素检出率达85.5%、心血管功能状态异常率达94.7%,不同BMI分层间差异均有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论超重、肥胖与心血管系统疾病的发生密切相关。HRA能早期评估心血管系统的功能变化,可作为心血管系统疾病早期筛查的工具。     

重庆市部分体检人群体质指数、血压、血脂和血糖检测分析

目的 分析重庆市体检人群体质指数(BMI)、血压、血脂、血糖的异常状况.方法 对体检的16367例人群的身高、体重、血压、血脂、空腹血糖资料进行统计分析.结果 该人群超重率、肥胖率分别达33.2%,7.4%,高血压检出率为25.4%,总胆同醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)异常率分别为38.9%,26.1%,23.7%,8.2%;空腹糖调节受损(IFG)及糖尿病(DM)检出率分别均为3.2%.结论 重庆市体检人群的BMI、血压、血脂、空腹血糖异常率较高,健康人群应定期体检,有利于疾病的早期发现.     

河南省15～24岁青年人群超重和肥胖流行现状

目的了解河南省15~24岁青年人群超重、肥胖及中心性肥胖的流行情况,为其防治提供科学依据。方法按照多阶段随机抽样的方法选取调查对象,对河南省4 093名15~24岁青年人群的身高、体重及腰围进行测量并做描述性分析。结果河南省2012年15~24岁青年人群超重率、肥胖率、中心性肥胖率分别为13.10%、4.62%和16.69%。男性肥胖患病率(6.04%)高于女性(3.21%),差异有统计学意义(χ2=18.64,P0.01)。城市男性超重率、肥胖率及中心性肥胖率均高于农村男性,城市女性中心性肥胖率低于农村女性,差异均有统计学意义(P0.01)。学生超重率、肥胖率及中心性肥胖率均比其他职业低,差异均有统计学意义(P0.01)。超重、肥胖及中心性肥胖随年龄和体质指数(BMI)的增长呈升高趋势(P0.01);随着每周锻炼次数的增加,超重率、肥胖率和中心性肥胖率呈降低趋势(P0.01);肥胖率及中心性肥胖率随经济收入的增加呈升高趋势(P0.05)。结论河南省15~24岁青年人群以中心性肥胖流行为主,青年时期是超重、肥胖和中心性肥胖患病率升高的重要时期,在此阶段做好对青年人群的干预,对整个人群肥胖的预防有重要的影响。     

泉州市级中学生体质指数与高血压关系分析研究

目的了解泉州市中学生的身高、体重、体质指数(BMI)和血压情况,探讨BMI和血压的相关性。方法收集2014年市级6所中学生体检资料,参照相关标准和指南进行评价,用SPSS 18.0软件统计分析。结果 22 228名学生,身高、体重和血压均值均随年龄增长呈上升趋势,各年龄组男生平均身高和体重均较高;超重检出率16.0%,男生(20.7%)高于女生(10.6%);肥胖率7.7%,男生(10.9%)高于女生(4.1%),各年龄组男生的超重率和肥胖率均高于女生;高收缩压检出率26.6%,男生(31.1%)高于女生(21.4%),不同BMI男生高收缩压率均较高;高舒张压检出率6.2%,女生(7.6%)高于男生(5.0%),不同BMI女生高舒张压率均较高,男女生高收缩压率和高舒张压率随BMI指数上升而增加。结论超重和肥胖与中学生高血压关系密切,需进行宣传干预。     

浙江省居民体质指数与相关疾病关系

目的探讨浙江省居民中体质指数（BMI）的分布特征及其与主要相关疾病的关系。方法2006年1月,采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法随机抽取浙江省30个县（市、区）,150个乡镇（街道）,9000个住户中的居民为调查对象。通过自制问卷实施入户调查及体测。结果共收集有效问卷23128份。样本人群BMI均值为（23.11±2.71）,超重和肥胖率分别为28.7%和4.8%;城市居民的超重和肥胖率高于农村居民;男性的超重比例高于女性,肥胖比例低于女性;15岁～年龄组超重和肥胖率最低,随着年龄的增长,超重和肥胖率都呈上升趋势,45岁～组超重率最高（38.7%）,55岁～组肥胖率最高（8.1%）;已婚组的超重和肥胖率都高于未婚组,与离婚组无明显差异;随着文化程度的升高男性超重率升高,而肥胖率无明显差异;随着文化程度的升高女性超重和肥胖率都呈下降趋势;超重组和肥胖组的高血压、糖尿病和胆囊炎患病率均显著高于正常组,肥胖组冠心病患病率显著高于正常组。结论近几年,浙江省居民超重率呈上升趋势,BMI与高血压等慢性病患病率呈正相关。     

不同体重指数和腰臀比与血糖、血脂、血压的关系

[目的]探讨重庆地区成人不同体重指数（BMI）和腰臀比（WHR）与血糖、血脂、血压的关系及其与心血管疾病危险因素的聚集性。[方法]选择重庆市两社区中老年人群2883例,根据世界卫生组织推荐的成人超重与肥胖标准,对BMI和WHR与血糖、血压和血脂的关系进行了统计分析。[结果]超重及肥胖总检出率35.73%,腹型肥胖率31.84%。随BMI升高,空腹血糖（FBG）、甘油三酯（TG）、收缩压（SBP）、舒张压（DBP）平均水平逐渐升高,高密度脂蛋白（HDL）明显降低;且糖尿病、高血压、高TG、低HDL检出率亦升高。超重和肥胖人群高血糖、高血压、高TG和HDL降低的危险性分别为正常人群的1.70、1.87、2.99、2.29倍。与正常组比较,超重与肥胖人群有任意1、2、3、4种危险因素时的危险性分别是2.15、3.84、6.23和24.90。[结论]超重与肥胖增加成人心血管疾病危险因素的聚集性以及获得多个心血管疾病的危险性。控制超重和肥胖对心血管疾病的防治具有重要意义。     

NICU新生儿血清磷镁钙铁锌铜检测结果分析

目的:分析NICU新生儿静脉血清部分电解质、微量元素的特点。方法:出生24h内采集济南市妇幼保健院302例新生儿静脉血,采用Bayer ADVIA CHEMISTRY SYSTEM测定血清磷、镁、钙、铁、锌、铜,并对结果进行分析,根据不同胎龄、体重、性别、分娩方式等进行比较,总结其特点。结果:302例新生儿静脉血清部分电解质、微量元素(mmol/L)为磷:2·21±0·45、镁:1·07±0·26、钙:2·06±0·31、铁:10·49±7·28、锌:12·87±4·00、铜:8·37±3·39。不同胎龄新生儿静脉血清电解质、微量元素比较,镁、钙、锌、铁有统计学意义,磷、铜无统计学意义。不同体重新生儿静脉血清电解质、微量元素比较,镁、钙、锌有统计学意义,磷、铁、铜无统计学意义,尤其是锌在早产儿、低出生体重儿反而高。除镁在不同分娩方式新生儿有显著差异外,不同性别、分娩方式新生儿静脉血清电解质、微量元素比较,均无统计学意义。结论:电解质、微量元素对新生儿的生长发育很重要,不同胎龄、体重新生儿静脉血清电解质、微量元素各有特点,应注意检测和分析。     

Detection of Helicobacter pylori in bovine, buffalo, camel, ovine, and caprine milk in Iran

Helicobacter pylori infection in humans is one of the most common infections worldwide. However, the origin and transmission of this bacterium has not been clearly explained. One of the suggested theories is transmission via raw milk from animals to human beings. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence rate of H. pylori in bulk milk samples from dairy bovine, buffalo, camel, ovine, and caprine herds in Iran. In the present study, 447 bulk milk samples from 230 dairy bovine, buffalo, camel, ovine, and caprine herds were collected in four provinces and tested for H. pylori by cultural method and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the detection of the ureC (glmM) gene. The animals whose milk samples collected for this study were clinically healthy. Using the cultural method, three of 447 milk samples (0.67%), including two sheep (2.2%) and one buffalo (1.6%) milk samples, were found to be contaminated with H. pylori. H. pylori ureC gene was detected in 56 (12.5%) of milk samples, including 19 cow (14.1%), 11 sheep (12.2%), nine goat (8.7%), two camel (3.6%), and 15 buffalo (23.4%) milk samples. Using PCR method, there were significant differences (p<0.05) in the level of contamination with H. pylori between milk samples collected from different species. The present study is the first report of the isolation of H. pylori from raw sheep and buffalo milk in Iran and the first demonstration of H. pylori DNA in camel and buffalo milk.     

Effects of Mumps Outbreak in Hospital,Chicago, Illinois,USA, 2006

In 2006, nearly 6,000 mumps cases were reported in the United States, 795 of which occurred in Illinois. In Chicago, 1 healthcare institution experienced ongoing transmission for 4 weeks. This study examines the outbreak epidemiology and quantifies the financial affect on this organization. This retrospective cohort study was conducted through case and exposure identification, interviews, medical record reviews, and immunologic testing of blood specimens. Nine mumps cases resulted in 339 exposures, 325 (98%) among employees. During initial investigation, 186 (57%) of the exposed employees had evidence of mumps immunity. Physicians made up the largest group of noncompliers (55%) with mumps immunity testing. The cost to the institution was $262,788 or $29,199 per mumps case. The outbreak resulted in substantial staffing and financial challenges for the institution that may have been minimized with readily accessible electronic employee vaccination records and adherence to infection control recommendations.     

Concentrations of Metals in Water,Sediment, Biofilm,Benthic Macroinvertebrates,and Fish in the Boulder River Watershed,Montana, and the Role of Colloids in Metal Uptake

To characterize the partitioning of metals in a stream ecosystem, concentrations of trace metals including As, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn were measured in water, colloids, sediment, biofilm (also referred to as aufwuchs), macroinvertebrates, and fish collected from the Boulder River watershed, Montana. Median concentrations of Cd, Cu, and Zn in water throughout the watershed exceeded the U.S. EPA acute and chronic criteria for protection of aquatic life. Concentrations of As, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn in sediment were sufficient in the tributaries to cause invertebrate toxicity. The concentrations of As, Cu, Cd, Pb, and Zn in invertebrates from lower Cataract Creek (63, 339, 59, 34, and 2,410 μg/g dry wt, respectively) were greater than the concentrations in invertebrates from the Clark Fork River watershed, Montana (19, 174, 2.3, 15, and 648 μg/g, respectively), that were associated with reduced survival, growth, and health of cutthroat trout fed diets composed of those invertebrates. Colloids and biofilm seem to play a critical role in the pathway of metals into the food chain and concentrations of As, Cu, Pb, and Zn in these two components are significantly correlated. We suggest that transfer of metals associated with Fe colloids to biological components of biofilm is an important pathway where metals associated with abiotic components are first available to biotic components. The significant correlations suggest that Cd, Cu, and Zn may move independently to biota (biofilm, invertebrates, or fish tissues) from water and sediment. The possibility exists that Cd, Cu, and Zn concentrations increase in fish tissues as a result of direct contact with water and sediment and indirect exposure through the food chain. However, uptake through the food chain to fish may be more important for As. Although As concentrations in colloids and biofilm were significantly correlated with As water concentrations, As concentrations in fish tissues were not correlated with water. The pathway for Pb into biological components seems to begin with sediment because concentrations of Pb in water were not significantly correlated with any other component and because concentrations of Pb in the water were often below detection limits.     

Reference intervals of cadmium,lead, and mercury in blood,urine, hair,and nails among residents in Mansoura city,Nile delta,Egypt

A random sample of 68 males and 25 females who reside in Mansoura city, Egypt, was examined for concentrations of cadmium, lead, and mercury in blood, urine, hair, and nails. The effect of gender and smoking on such levels was studied. The influence of dental amalgam on the levels of mercury in these biological samples was also examined. The results obtained show that only blood lead, which increased among males, was affected by gender. Blood levels of cadmium and lead as well as hair lead appeared to increase with smoking habit. Mercury levels in blood and urine were related to the presence of dental amalgam fillings. International comparisons between our results and the corresponding levels in other localities in the world showed that there were environmentally related variations in terms of cadmium levels in hair, lead levels in blood, urine, hair, and nails, and mercury levels in blood, hair, and nails. In conclusion, reference intervals of cadmium, lead, and mercury in the biological samples are environmentally related parameters. Some factors, such as gender, smoking habit, and the presence of dental amalgam fillings, may affect such levels and therefore should be considered.