家兔主动脉血管平滑肌细胞内钙动员及小檗胺作用的共聚焦研究(英文)

观察小檗胺 ( Ber)对高钾除极 ,Bay K8644,5-羟色胺 ( 5- HT)及咖啡因升高细胞内钙水平( [Ca2 + ]i)的影响。以 Fluo- 3/AM负载家兔培养的主动脉平滑肌细胞 ( VSMC) ,共聚焦显微术测定[Ca2 + ]i,结果以荧光强度 ( FI)表示 .结果 :( 1 )在细胞外钙为 1 .3mmol· L-1时 ,VSMC胞浆静息 FI明显高于核区 ,且不受 Ber的影响 . ( 2 ) Ber 1 0 -1 0 0 μmol·L-1预处理可抑制 KCl60 mmol·L-1或Bay K86441 0 0 μmol·L-1升高的 [Ca2 + ]i,抑制 5-HT 1μmol· L-1升高 [Ca2 + ]i 的持续相 ,但不影响[Ca2 + ]i 的一过性升高。维拉帕米 1 0 μmol· L-1具有相似作用 . ( 3)在无钙 Hanks液中 ,Ber预处理对咖啡因 1 0 0 mmol·L-1升高的 [Ca2 + ]i 无明显抑制作用。结果表明 ,Ber可阻断外钙内流 ,但不抑制内钙释放 ,这可能与 Ber阻断电压依赖性钙通道和受体依赖性钙通道的作用有关 .     

巯亚硝基卡托普利对环匹阿尼酸引起的平滑肌细胞胞浆游离Ca^2＋浓度升高作用的影响

目的探讨巯亚硝基卡托普利(S-nitrosocaptopril,CapNO)对Ca 2+池操纵性Ca2+内流信号转导过程的影响.方法以Fura-2 荧光探针测定胞浆游离Ca2+ 浓度([Ca2+]I ).结果①CapNO(20～120 μmol·L -1)呈浓度依赖性抑制环匹阿尼酸(cyclopiazonic acid, CPA)引起的 [Ca2+]I升高,80 μmol·L-1 CapNO为最大效应浓度.相同浓度的captopril对CPA升高[Ca2+ ]I无明显抑制作用.②在80 μmol·L-1 CapNO抑制CPA引起[Ca2+]I升高作用的基础上(31%±11%);随后加入1 μmol·L-1硝苯地平不能降低[Ca2+ ]I,再加入20 μmol·L-1SK&F96365(最大效应浓度)可进一步降低 [Ca 2+]I(54%±18%),其中SK&F96365净抑制率为24%±10%,与SK&F96365单独作用抑制率(54%±11%)比较差异有显著性.③不同顺序给予最大效应浓度CapNO(80 μmol·L -1)和tyrphostinAG490(2 μmol·L-1)对CPA引起[Ca2+]I升高存在交叉抑制作用.结论 CapNO可通过阻断电压依赖性Ca2+通道和Ca 2+池操纵性Ca2+通道抑制CPA引起的[Ca2+]I升高,CapNO对CPA引起[ Ca2+]I升高的阻断作用存在酪氨酸激酶(Janus2亚型)敏感和非敏感两条途径.     

茶黄素对大鼠心室肌细胞内游离钙浓度的影响

目的研究茶黄素对大鼠心室肌细胞内游离钙浓度([Ca2+]i)的影响并探讨其可能机制。方法用激光共聚焦显微镜探测细胞内游离钙浓度,结果用相对荧光强度((FI-FI0)/FI0,%;FI0:对照;FI:给药)表示。结果①茶黄素(10,20,40μmol.L-1)对正常台氏液中心肌细胞内游离钙浓度没有影响,却可浓度依赖性地降低模拟缺血液中心室肌细胞[Ca2+]i的增加。②预先应用L型钙通道开放剂Bay k8644,可大部分取消茶黄素(20μmol.L-1)在模拟缺血液中的作用。③茶黄素(20μmol.L-1)能明显抑制无钙台氏液中由低浓度ryanodine引起的[Ca2+]i增加。④当细胞外液钙浓度由1 mmol.L-1增加到10 mmol.L-1而诱发心室肌细胞钙超载时,部分心室肌细胞产生可传播的钙波,茶黄素(20μmol.L-1)可降低钙波发生的频率和持续时间,最终阻断钙波并降低[Ca2+]i。结论茶黄素可抑制电压门控性钙通道的外钙内流和减少肌浆网的内钙释放从而降低[Ca2+]i。     

三七皂苷R1对肺高压大鼠肺动脉平滑肌细胞SOCE的抑制作用

目的探讨三七皂苷R1(notoginsenoside R1)对慢性低氧(chronic hypoxia,CH)及野百合碱(monocrotaline,MCT)致肺高压(pulmonary hypertension,PH)大鼠肺动脉平滑肌细胞(pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells,PASMCs)钙池操纵性钙内流(store-operated calcium entry,SOCE)的作用。方法制备CH及MCT致PH大鼠模型,通过Mn2+淬灭Fura-2荧光和Fluo-3荧光检测胞质游离Ca2+浓度(intracellular free calcium concentration,[Ca2+]i)观察三七皂苷R1对CH及MCT致PH大鼠PASMCs SOCE的作用。结果成功制备CH及MCT致PH大鼠模型;在硝苯地平预处理情况下,10μmol·L-1三七皂苷R1可明显降低环匹阿尼酸(cyclopiazonic acid,CPA)诱导CH及MCT致PH大鼠PASMCs Mn2+淬灭幅度、Mn2+最大淬灭率、胞膜Ca2+内流量和静息[Ca2+]i。结论三七皂苷R1对CH及MCT致PH大鼠PASMCs具有抑制SOCE和降低静息[Ca2+]i的作用。     

小檗碱对豚鼠心室肌细胞胞浆内游离钙离子浓度的影响

研究小檗碱对豚鼠心肌细胞胞浆 [Ca2 + ]i 的影响 .用酶解法分离单个豚鼠心肌细胞 ,Fluo- 3/AM标记胞浆内游离钙离子 ,激光扫描共聚焦显微镜实时测定胞浆 [Ca2 + ]i变化 .结果 ,小檗碱 1 -1 0 0 μmol· L-1对正常台氏液中静息状态细胞胞浆[Ca2 + ]i 无明显影响 ;小檗碱 1 μmol·L-1对 KCl30mmol·L-1引起的细胞外钙内流有抑制作用 ( P<0 .0 1 ) ,而小檗碱 1 0 0 μmol·L-1对细胞内钙库释放有强烈激动作用 ( P<0 .0 1 ) .结果提示在豚鼠心肌细胞上低浓度小檗碱即能抑制电压依赖性钙通道 ,而高浓度时又能激动细胞内钙库释放 .     

粉防己碱对培养乳牛基底动脉平滑肌细胞内游离钙浓度的影响

目的：研究粉防己碱对培养乳牛基底动脉平滑肌细胞游离钙浓度（[Ca^2 ]i)的影响。方法：利用AR－CM－MIC阳离子测定系统,采用Fura 2-AM为指示剂,测量单个细胞内[Ca^2 ]i。结果：粉防己碱10－100μmol/L对培养乳牛基底动脉平滑肌细胞静息[Ca^2 ]i无明显影响。在细胞外钙为1．3mmol/L,粉防己碱可浓度依赖性地抑制KC1引起[Ca^2 ]i的升高。咖啡因10mmol/L可诱导一次[Ca^2 ]i瞬间快速升高,随后自发回复到静息水平,粉防己碱10和30μmol/L对咖啡因诱导的[Ca^2 ]i瞬间升高没有作用,但高浓度（100μmol/L）粉防己碱抑制了[Ca^2 ]i瞬间升高。在细胞外钙为1.3mmol/L,苯肾上腺素10μmol/L可引起双相[Ca^2 ]i变化,包括快速升高相和持续升高相。在细胞外钙为零,苯肾上腺素仅引起[Ca^2 ]i的快速升高相。粉防己碱可浓度依赖性地抑制苯肾上腺素引起[Ca^2 ]i快速升高相。结论：在培养乳牛基底动脉平滑肌细胞,粉防己碱可能通过影响电压依赖性和苯肾上腺素受体介导的钙通道而抑制钙内流。高浓度粉防己碱也可能影响肌浆网钙释放或钙摄取。     

大鼠胃底平滑肌细胞5-HT受体的信号转导通路的研究

目的　以 5 HT引起胞内Ca2 + 变化为指标 ,研究大鼠胃底平滑肌细胞 5 HT受体的信号转导机制。方法　采用Ca2 + 指示剂Fluo - 3/AM负载培养的胃底平滑肌细胞 (SF SMC) ,共聚焦显微术检测细胞内钙荧光强度的变化。结果　基础状态下SFSMC[Ca2 + ]i 荧光强度 (fluorescenceintensi ty ,FI)为 2 6 4± 1 5 ,5 HT 10 μmol·L-1使荧光强度缓慢升高 ;这一作用与细胞外钙内流和内钙释放有关 ;10 μmol·L-1米安舍林 (mianserin)可部分拮抗 5 HT升高 [Ca2 + ]i 的作用 ,钙拮抗剂拉西地平 (lacidipine)、G蛋白拮抗剂NEM均能完全抑制 5 HT升高 [Ca2 + ]i 的作用 ;5 HT引起 [Ca2 + ]i的升高被PLC抑制剂部分地取消 ;PKC激动剂拮抗了 5 HT引起的钙动员 ,而PKC特异性抑制剂D 鞘氨醇取消了这一抑制作用。结论　 5 HT部分通过激动了胃底平滑肌细胞的G 蛋白偶联的 5 HT2B受体引起细胞去极化 ,从而激发L型钙通道使外Ca2 + 内流 ,并促进SR上的ryanodine受体的开放 ,引起 [Ca2 + ]i 升高。而这一升高 [Ca2 + ]i 的作用又受到PLC和PKC的调控     

丹酚酸B镁抑制ATP和KCl诱导大鼠主动脉平滑肌细胞内钙的升高

目的研究丹酚酸B镁(M agnesium lithosperm ate B,MLB)对去内皮离体血管舒缩反应以及对血管平滑肌细胞内游离钙浓度[Ca2+]i的影响。方法去内皮大鼠胸主动脉血管环等张收缩实验和采用钙离子荧光指示剂F luo-3,运用F-4500阳离子测定系统动态检测胸主动脉平滑肌细胞[Ca2+]i。结果血管舒缩实验显示,无钙或常钙条件下MLB对血管基础张力均无作用。MLB 50~200μmol.L-1预给药组抑制无钙条件下苯肾上腺素(PE)1μmol.L-1诱导的血管收缩以及常钙条件下KC l 60 mmol.L-1诱导的血管收缩,并呈浓度相关性。而钙离子通道阻滞剂维拉帕米(Ver)10μmol.L-1则完全阻断KC l诱导的血管收缩。在复钙实验中观察到,MLB 50~200μmol.L-1不仅抑制PE 1μmol.L-1诱导的内钙依赖性血管收缩,而且对复钙后外钙依赖性的血管收缩也有抑制作用。细胞内钙测定实验表明,MLB预孵育的AVSMCs静息态[Ca2+]i没有变化。无钙条件下,MLB 50、100和200μmol.L-1抑制ATP20μmol.L-1诱导内钙释放引起的[Ca2+]i升高,抑制率分别为17.4%、32.4%和61.1%,显示较好的浓度相关性。AVSMCs于常钙条件下用Thapsigargin耗竭钙库后,KCl 60 mmol.L-1诱发外钙内流,引起[Ca2+]i升高,10μmol.L-1的Ver则能完全阻断这种外钙内流。在MLB预给药组,KCl诱导的[Ca2+]i升高降低,抑制率分别为20.0%、32.8%和52.6%。结论MLB能够抑制PE、高K+和复Ca2+诱导的血管收缩,并能抑制ATP和KCl诱导的血管平滑肌细胞内钙的升高,提示MLB对血管平滑肌细胞内钙的影响可能与抑制细胞内钙释放和电压依赖性钙通道有关。     

家兔主动脉细胞内钙池耗竭所致的基础张力变化(英文)

目的:研究动脉平滑肌细胞内钙池耗竭所致浆膜钙通透性的增加.方法:在无钙条件下,采用选择性肌浆网(SR)钙泵抑制剂环匹阿尼酸(CPA)和Thapsigargin(Tha)及SR钙释放剂Ryanodine(Rya)耗竭家兔主动脉环咖啡因和苯肾上腺素敏感的细胞内钙池,而当外钙加入时,以上三药均增大基础张力,此张力变化做为内钙耗竭后所致的浆膜钙通透性增加.结果:3 μmol·L~(-1) Tha和Rya及30 ~(-1)mol·L~(-1)CPA分别增加张力为0.94,1.1和0.14 g,Rya的张力增加不受CPA抑制.结论:(1)提示除细胞内钙耗竭外,SR钙通道开放也增加浆膜钙通透性;(2)Rya完全开放钙通道需咖啡因的存在.     

小檗胺对ROCC介导的血管平滑肌细胞内游离钙的影响

目的　研究小檗胺 (BA)对受体调控性Ca2 +通道介导的家兔胸主动脉血管平滑肌细胞内游离钙 ([Ca2 +]i)的影响。方法　家兔主动脉血管平滑肌以Fluo 3/AM负载 ,通过激光扫描共聚焦显微镜 (LSCM )测定 [Ca2 +]i。结果　在细胞外Ca2 +存在的条件下 ,BA 30 μmol·L-1不影响静息[Ca2 +]i;但对去甲肾上腺素 (NE) 30mmol·L-1、5 羟色胺 (5 HT) 1μmol·L-1诱导的 [Ca2 +]i 升高有明显的抑制作用。在无胞外钙时 ,对咖啡因 40mmol·L-1诱导的 [Ca2 +]i 升高没有作用。结论　BA对ROCC激活后的外钙内流有明显的抑制作用 ,对内钙释放没有影响。其作用与维拉帕米相似     

Radium-Vergiftungen,chronische, gewerbliche,in Joachimsthal

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Radium-Vergiftungen,chronische, gewerbliche,in Amerika

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Endogenous alkaloids in man--synthesis, analytics, in vivo identification, and medicinal importance

The in vitro and in vivo condensation of endogenous (or administered) reactive amines and carbonyl compounds is reported, leading to alkaloid-type heterocycles. The spectrum of the presented "mammalian alkaloids" ranges from isoquinoline derivatives, via beta-carbolines, through to thiazolidines, arising from vitamin B6, chloral, and glyoxylic acid, respectively. Formation of these compounds may occur accidentally, but might also be induced intentionally, as a therapy for metabolic diseases.     

Variations in demethylation of N-methylnaltrexone in mice, rats, dogs, and humans

1. Rats and mice have a greater capacity than dogs or humans to N-demethylate the quaternary ammonium compound, N-methylnaltrexone. 2. In dogs, following the i.v. administration of N-[14C-methyl]methylnaltrexone, 50% of the radioactivity was excreted in the urine and an additional 30% in the faeces within 120 h. 3. In humans following the i.v. administration of 14C-N-methylnaltrexone, 40-60% of the radioactivity was excreted in the urine within the first 24 h. The plasma radioactivity-time curves indicated a biphasic decay and a short distribution phase between 6 and 9 min. with a longer elimination phase between 238 and 1320 min.     

HPLC法测定抗妇炎胶囊中木兰花碱、黄柏碱、药根碱、巴马汀、小檗碱、槐果碱、苦参碱、氧化槐果碱、槐定碱和氧化苦参碱

目的 采用高效液相色谱（HPLC）法同时测定抗妇炎胶囊中木兰花碱、黄柏碱、药根碱、巴马汀、小檗碱、槐果碱、苦参碱、氧化槐果碱、槐定碱和氧化苦参碱10种活性成分。方法 采用InerSustain AQ-C₁₈色谱柱（250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）,流动相A：乙腈–无水乙醇（80∶20）,流动相B：0.1%磷酸溶液,梯度洗脱,检测波长220 nm,体积流量1.0 mL/min,柱温30℃,进样量10 μL。结果 木兰花碱、黄柏碱、药根碱、巴马汀、小檗碱、槐果碱、苦参碱、氧化槐果碱、槐定碱和氧化苦参碱分别在2.69～134.50、1.95～97.50、0.63～31.50、0.86～43.00、11.95～597.50、0.59～29.50、6.08～304.00、4.85～242.50、1.66～83.00、19.79～989.50 μg/mL线性关系良好（r≥0.999 3）;平均回收率分别为99.11%、98.23%、96.95%、97.78%、100.02%、97.21%、99.66%、99.52%、98.81%、100.08%,RSD值分别为1.04%、1.23%、1.37%、1.65%、0.70%、1.28%、0.65%、0.81%、1.11%、0.63%。结论 建立的HPLC法可用于抗妇炎胶囊中10种活性成分的测定,作为抗妇炎胶囊质量控制方法。     

Variations in demethylation of N-methylnaltrexone in mice,rats, dogs,and humans

1. Rats and mice have a greater capacity than dogs or humans to N-demethylate the quaternary ammonium compound, N-methylnaltrexone.

2. In dogs, following the i.v. administration of N-[¹⁴C-methyl]methylnaltrexone, 50% of the radioactivity was excreted in the urine and an additional 30% in the faeces within 120h.

3. In humans following the i.v. administration of ¹⁴C-N-methylnaltrexone, 40-60% of the radioactivity was excreted in the urine within the first 24?h. The plasma radioactivity-time curves indicated a biphasic decay and a short distribution phase between 6 and 9?min. with a longer elimination phase between 238 and 1320?min.     

Concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead, mercury, and zinc in human placentas from two cities in Ukraine

Ukraine is a highly industrialized country with major environmental problems and deteriorating reproductive health. Heavy metals are known reproductive toxins; a study was undertaken to determine whether they were present at sufficient concentrations to be playing a major role in these health problems. Placental concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead, mercury, and zinc were determined in 200 women from the general population of two urban areas of Ukraine, Kyiv and Dniprodzerzhinsk. Arsenic was detected in only 5% of the samples, lead in 22%, and mercury in 28%. Cadmium was detected in almost all samples, with a median of 5.2 ng/g. Concentrations of lead, mercury, and cadmium were low compared to those reported elsewhere, while zinc and copper concentrations were comparable.     

Xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes in the skin of rat,mouse, pig,guinea pig,man, and in human skin models

The exposure of the skin to medical drugs, skin care products, cosmetics, and other chemicals renders information on xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes (XME) in the skin highly interesting. Since the use of freshly excised human skin for experimental investigations meets with ethical and practical limitations, information on XME in models comes in the focus including non-human mammalian species and in vitro skin models. This review attempts to summarize the information available in the open scientific literature on XME in the skin of human, rat, mouse, guinea pig, and pig as well as human primary skin cells, human cell lines, and reconstructed human skin models. The most salient outcome is that much more research on cutaneous XME is needed for solid metabolism-dependent efficacy and safety predictions, and the cutaneous metabolism comparisons have to be viewed with caution. Keeping this fully in mind at least with respect to some cutaneous XME, some models may tentatively be considered to approximate reasonable closeness to human skin. For dermal absorption and for skin irritation among many contributing XME, esterase activity is of special importance, which in pig skin, some human cell lines, and reconstructed skin models appears reasonably close to human skin. With respect to genotoxicity and sensitization, activating XME are not yet judgeable, but reactive metabolite-reducing XME in primary human keratinocytes and several reconstructed human skin models appear reasonably close to human skin. For a more detailed delineation and discussion of the severe limitations see the “Overview and Conclusions” section in the end of this review.