基于DcR3的树突细胞疫苗对CD8+T细胞的免疫抑制效应

目的 研究诱骗受体3(decoy receptor3,DcR3)修饰的树突细胞(DC)疫苗对CD8<'+>T细胞的免疫抑制效应.方法 将含有DcR3全长cDNA的重组腺病毒转染小鼠DC,制备DcR3基因修饰的DC疫苗,并与同种异体的CD8<'+>T细胞共培养,分析CD8<'+>T细胞的增殖和细胞因子分泌情况.结果 重组DcR3腺病毒能成功转染DC,并能抑制同种异体的CD8<'+>T细胞的增殖和细胞因子的分泌.结论 重组DcR3腺病毒转染的DC对CD8<'+>T细胞具有免疫抑制效应,为自身免疫性疾病的治疗提供了理论基础.     

乙型肝炎病毒干预后小鼠肝脏树突状细胞P-干扰素调节因子3表达的研究

目的 研究HBV干预后小鼠肝脏树突状细胞P-干扰素调节因子3及其下游Ⅰ型干扰素表达的变化.方法用免疫磁珠分选法分离肝脏树突状细胞,并用粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子和白细胞介素4在24孔板中诱导培养.用超离心技术获得HBV,并用实时荧光定量PCR检测.第5天将培养的树突状细胞分为2组:HBV组与HBV共同培养,对照组加入等量的细胞培养液.24 h后,两组均加入聚肌胞刺激,收集0、1、2、6、24 h的细胞和上清液,用Western blot检测P-干扰素调节因子3的表达情况,用酶联免疫吸附法检测上清液中干扰素β的浓度.组间比较用t检验.结果 0h时HBV组培养液上清液干扰素β浓度[(12.38 ±3.71)pg/ml]与对照组[(10.83±4.11)pg/ml]比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).聚肌胞刺激后6 h,HBV组培养液上清液干扰素β浓度[(88.67±9.01)pg/ml]与对照组[(137.68±12.28)pg/ml]比较,t=9.653,P<0.01,差异有统计学意义.聚肌胞刺激后24h,HBV组培养液上清液干扰素β浓度[(69.89±5.80)pg/ml]与对照组[(72.25±8.61)pg/ml]比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).聚肌胞刺激小鼠肝脏树突状细胞后P-干扰素调节因子3表达逐渐增强.经HBV干预在感染时病毒与细胞数量的比值为25,24 h后再用聚肌胞刺激2 h,HBV组P-干扰素调节因子3表达较对照组减弱.结论 HBV干预后小鼠肝脏树突状细胞P-干扰素调节因子3及其下游Ⅰ型干扰素表达均下调.

Abstract：

Objective To detect the secretions of type Ⅰ interferon and the expressions of phospho-IRF3 in murine liver dendritic cells intervened by HBV.Methods The murine liver dendritic cells were isolated via anti-CD11c microbeads and were incubated in the presence of GM-CSF and IL-4 to induce the DC generation and proliferation in 24-well cell culture plates.HBV virions were isolated via ultracentrifugation and were detected by quantitative Realtime-PCR.The DCs were divided into two groups:one group was cultured with HBV virions for 24 hours,the other group was cultured without HBV as control group.The cells were harvested at Oh,1h,2h,6h and 24h after being stimulated with poly I:C and the expressions of pIRF3 and the concentration of IFN β in supematants were detected with western blot and ELISA respectively.Results The IFN β concentrations at 0h,6h and 24h in the supernatants of the RBV group and the control group were(12.38±3.71)pg/ml,(88.67±9.01)pg/ml and(69.89±5.80)pg/ml vs(10.83±4.11)pg/ml,(137.68 ± 12.28) pg/ml and (72.25 ± 8.61) pg/ml,respectively. No statistical differences found at 0 h (t =0.8398,P > 0.05) and 24 h (t = 0.6820,P > 0.05) between the two groups except that at 6 h (t = 9.653,P <0.01). The expressions of phospho-IRF3 in HBV group were lower than that in control group. Conclusions The type Ⅰ interferon secretion and the phospho-IRF3 expression were decreased in murine liver dendritic cells when intervened by HBV.     

低分子肝素对哮喘小鼠气道黏液高分泌和炎症反应的影响

目的探讨低分子肝素对哮喘小鼠气道黏液高分泌和炎症反应的影响。方法 30只健康雄性C57BL/6小鼠,按随机数字表法分为正常对照组、哮喘组和低分子肝素干预组,每组10只,检测三组小鼠气道上皮细胞黏液分泌量、气道内炎症细胞浸润、黏蛋白基因MUC5AC的表达、细胞因子IL-13、IL-4和IL-5的表达。结果 (1)哮喘小鼠气道黏液细胞化生、黏液过度分泌,气道内炎症细胞浸润增多,经鼻腔滴入低分子肝素后,黏液过度分泌受抑制,气道内炎症细胞浸润减少。(2)哮喘组小鼠气道黏液细胞MUC5AC mRNA相对表达量(26.43±0.47)及气道内炎症因子IL-13[(16.03±0.53)ng/ml]、IL-4[(603.68±50.32)pg/ml]和IL-5[(1308.80±224.84)pg/ml]表达的水平均高于正常组[(1.17±0.18)ng/ml、(17.56±3.01)pg/ml和(33.09±5.92)pg/ml];经鼻腔滴入低分子肝素后,上述指标[16.26±2.07,(11.50±0.89)ng/ml,(409.56±46.25)pg/ml,(874.65±32.833)pg/ml]均下降,P0.05,差异有统计学意义。结论低分子肝素抑制哮喘小鼠气道黏液高分泌和气道炎症反应。经鼻滴入的低分子肝素可能为哮喘过敏性炎症的治疗提供新的方法。     

重组腺病毒Ad-PD-L1转染供体小鼠树突状细胞对受体小鼠淋巴细胞激活的影响

目的:观察重组腺病毒载体Ad-PD-L1转染供体C57BL/6(H-2b)小鼠树突状细胞(DC)对受体DBA/2(H-2d)小鼠淋巴细胞增殖和激活的影响.方法:构建腺病毒穿梭质粒pShuttle-GFPCMV(-)-PD-L1和腺病毒骨架质粒pAdxsi-GFP-CMV-PD-L1,重组腺病毒Ad-PD-L1进行包装、扩增和纯化.分离培养供体C57BL/6小鼠的DC,分为3组:腺病毒载体Ad-PD-L1转染组(A组),空载体转染组(B组)和对照组(C组).Western blot检测转染后各组细胞PD-L1的表达.分离受体DBA/2小鼠的淋巴细胞,用羧基荧光素二醋酸琥珀酰亚胺酯(CFSE)标记,将供体C57BL/6小鼠的DC和受体DBA/2小鼠淋巴细胞混合培养,流式细胞仪观察淋巴细胞的增殖情况.结果:酶切及测序证实含PD-L1的重组腺病毒载体Ad-PD-L1构建成功.转染供体C57BL/6小鼠的DC后其PD-L1的表达升高37% (P<0.05),将转染了PD-L1的DC与受体DBA/2小鼠的淋巴细胞进行共培养.与对照组相比,PD-L1表达升高后,明显地抑制了淋巴细胞的增殖和活化.受体DBA/2小鼠的淋巴细胞增殖降低41% (P<0.01).结论:转染供体C57BL/6小鼠DC后通过共刺激通路PD-1/PD-L1抑制了受体DBA/2小鼠淋巴细胞的增殖和激活.     

骨髓间充质干细胞移植对MRL/Ipr鼠B细胞活化因子及B细胞活化的影响

目的 探讨正常鼠骨髓问充质干细胞(BM-MSCs)移植对MRL/Ipr狼疮鼠B细胞活化因子(BAFF)表达及B细胞活化的影响.方法 18只雌性MRL/Ipr鼠随机分为MSCs治疗组和对照组,18周龄时治疗组经尾静脉移植MSCs 1×10~6/只;5只同周龄雌性BAL B/C小鼠作为健康阴性对照.酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)法检测血清BAFF、干扰素(IFN)-γ、白细胞介素(IL)-2、IL-10水平,流式细胞术检测脾脏中边缘区、T1期、T2期B细胞百分率及细胞数.结果 ①MSCs治疗8周后,治疗组血清BAFF水平[(32±14)ng/ml]显著低于对照组[(47±13)ng/ml](P＜0.05);血清IL-10[(19±7)pg/ml]显著低于对照组[(40±13)pg/ml](P＜0.01);血清IFN-γ、IL-2低于对照组[(26±20)pg/ml与(38±25)pg/ml、(73±10)pg/ml与(80±14)pg/ml],但差异无统计学意义.②MSCs治疗8周后,可降低治疗组脾脏边缘区B细胞百分率(15±4)%,对照组为(21±5)%,但差异无统计学意义,并能显著降低边缘区B细胞数[(9±6)×10~6与(19±10)×10~6,P＜0.05].③MSCs治疗8周后,可降低治疗组脾脏T1期、T2期B细胞百分率[(3.4±2.1)%与(7.3±4.0)%]、[(2.6±1.4)%与(4.8±2.7)%],但差异无统计学意义,并能显著降低T1期B细胞绝对数[(2.7±1.7)×10~6与(5.1±2.0)×10~6,P＜0.05]、T2期B细胞绝对数[(2.0±1.2)×10~6与(3.7±1.7)×10~6,P＜0.05].结论 BM-MSCs移植可能通过抑制体内BAFF的过量表达,进而抑制狼疮鼠B细胞的过度活化.     

脂联素对2型糖尿病大鼠循环CRP及sICAM-1水平的影响

通过转染表达人全长脂联素基因的重组腺病毒载体来提高2型糖尿病大鼠血清脂联素水平.结果表明脂联素干预组血清可溶性细胞间黏附分子1(sICAM-1)和C反应蛋白(CRP)水平较糖尿病组明显下降[(18.73±4.66对23.60±4.25)mg/L和(14.91±1.79对19.09±2.95)ng/ml,均P＜0.01],提示提高循环脂联素水平可改善糖尿病炎症反应状态.     

红曲对胶原诱导性关节炎大鼠血清趋化因子的影响

目的 观察红曲对胶原诱导性关节炎(CIA)大鼠血清中趋化因子的影响.方法 利用牛Ⅱ型胶原建立Wistar大鼠CIA模型,造模成功后随机分为空白对照组、生理盐水CIA模型对照组、布洛芬阳性药物对照组和红曲大剂量、中剂量及小剂量组并灌胃给药.免疫后第48天处死大鼠,抽取静脉血,取血清.采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)观察各组对血清中细胞因子肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α、白细胞介素(IL)-6和趋化因子IL-8、单核细胞趋化因子(MCP)-1、调节正常T细胞表达和分泌因子(RANTES)和干扰素γ诱导蛋白10(IP-10)的影响.结果 红曲大、中、小剂量组能显著降低血清中细胞因子TNF-α[(67.4±1.7)pg/ml、(64.3±12.8)pg/ml和(61.2±9.9)pg/ml]、IL-6[(144±21)pg/ml、(133±29)pg/ml和(115±31)pg/ml]的水平,与模型组[分别为(91.4±9.4)pg/ml和(180±14)pg,ml]比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);红曲大剂量,中剂量可降低IL-8[(62±7)pg/ml和(61±11)pg/ml]的水平,与模型组[(87±18)pg/ml]比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);红曲各剂量组能显著降低血清中炎性趋化因子MCP-1、RANTES和IP-10的表达,与模型组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 红曲抗炎作用可能是和抑制炎症因子相关.     

Meprin-α调控T细胞激活介导动脉粥样硬化形成的研究

目的探讨小鼠血浆中T细胞激活在Meprin-α介导动脉粥样硬化形成中的作用及其机制。方法选择6周龄载脂蛋白E-/-小鼠30只,随机分为模型组、L-MeplA组和对照组,每组10只,高脂喂食,并于第10周末分别给予PBS、L-MeplA病毒和对照病毒质粒。HE染色检测小鼠主动脉粥样硬化斑块生成情况,流式细胞术检测小鼠外周血T细胞亚群比例,酶联免疫吸附法检测小鼠血浆炎性因子的分泌。结果与模型组比较,L-MeplA组动脉粥样硬化斑块面积和CD3、CD4T细胞比例显著增高,白细胞介素(IL)-6、IFN-γ水平显著增高[(41.3±6.8)pg/ml vs(20.2±4.1)pg/ml,(30.3±4.2)pg/ml vs(11.3±2.1)pg/ml,P0.05]。而模型组与对照组动脉粥样硬化斑块面积,CD3、CD4T细胞比例,IL-4、IL-5、IL-10和转化生长因子β比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论Meprin-α介导动脉粥样硬化形成的作用与免疫功能失调有关,Meprin-α可通过介导1型辅助性T细胞激活进而加速炎性反应,最终导致动脉粥样硬化形成。     

2型糖尿病合并乙型肝炎肝硬化患者不同糖化血红蛋白水平的血清细胞因子变化及其临床意义

目的观察T2DM合并乙型肝炎肝硬化(HBLC)患者不同HbA1c水平的血清细胞因子的变化。方法选取T2DM合并HBLC患者65例,根据HbA1c水平分为血糖控制良好组及血糖控制欠佳组,检测两组血清IL-2、IL-4、IL-6、IL-8、IL-10、干扰素γ(INF-γ)及TNF-α水平。结果血糖控制良好组血清细胞因子IL-2、TNF-α[(42.7±20.5)pg/ml、(30.5±20.2)ng/ml]低于血糖控制欠佳组[(58.2±23.8)pg/ml、(43.5±33.7)ng/ml],血糖控制良好组IL-4、IL-6、IL-8水平[(3.2±1.1)、(7.1±3.7)、(58.3±50.8)pg/ml]高于血糖控制欠佳组[(1.1±0.5)、(3.0±1.3)、(35.5±17.6)pg/ml,P0.05]。血清IL-8、INF-γ水平两组间差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 T2DM合并HBLC患者血糖控制良好组对比血糖控制欠佳组辅助性T细胞1和2(Th1/Th2)细胞因子差异明显,其意义有待进一步探究。     

Notch信号通路对慢性丙型肝炎患者CD8~+T淋巴细胞功能的影响

目的观察Notch信号通路对慢性丙型肝炎患者CD8~+T淋巴细胞功能的影响,初步阐释Notch信号通路在慢性丙型肝炎发病中的作用。方法收集2016年1月-8月在陕西省人民医院就诊的慢性丙型肝炎初治患者38例和健康志愿者17例,分选CD8~+T淋巴细胞,应用实时定量PCR法检测CD8~+T淋巴细胞中Notch1和Notch2 mRNA的表达水平。分别应用直接接触培养系统和间接接触培养系统将从HLA-A2限制性丙型肝炎患者分选的CD8~+T淋巴细胞与HCV感染的Huh7.5细胞共培养,加入Notch信号通路抑制剂DAPT,通过检测乳酸脱氢酶和细胞因子水平分析CD8~+T淋巴细胞的细胞毒性和非细胞毒性功能的变化。2组间计量资料的比较采用t检验。结果 Notch1和Notch2 mRNA在慢性丙型肝炎患者CD8~+T淋巴细胞中的表达水平较健康志愿者均显著升高,分别升高约10倍和4倍,差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为6.63、18.88,P值分别为0.003、0.001)。抑制Notch信号通路可增加直接接触培养系统中细胞死亡的比例[(26.41±4.76)%vs(13.65±4.65)%,t=3.32,P=0.029];但抑制Notch信号通路对间接接触培养细胞中CD8~+T淋巴细胞毒性无明显影响。抑制Notch信号通路后,IFNγ的表达在直接接触培养系统[(52.19±12.38)pg/ml vs(18.62±5.66)pg/ml,t=4.27,P=0.013]和间接接触培养系统[(18.86±3.09)pg/ml vs(5.52±2.52)pg/ml,t=5.79,P=0.004]中均显著升高。TNFα的表达在抑制Notch信号通路后仅在直接接触培养系统中显著升高[(1296.0±293.3)pg/ml vs(585.3±32.62)pg/ml,t=4.17,P=0.014],而在间接接触培养系统中无明显变化[(297.3±175.4)pg/ml vs(273.7±105.9)pg/ml,t=0.20,P=0.851]。结论抑制Notch信号通路可增强慢性丙型肝炎患者中CD8~+T淋巴细胞的细胞杀伤和非细胞杀伤功能,Notch信号通路在慢性HCV感染中可能通过抑制CD8~+T淋巴细胞功能发挥诱导免疫耐受的作用。     

Three layer functional model and energy exchange concept of aging process

Relying on a certain degree of abstraction, we can propose that no particular distinction exists between animate or living matter and inanimate matter. While focusing attention on some specifics, the dividing line between the two can be drawn. The most apparent distinction is in the level of structural and functional organization with the dissimilar streams of ‘energy flow’ between the observed entity and the surrounding environment. In essence, living matter is created from inanimate matter which is organized to contain internal intense energy processes and maintain lower intensity energy exchange processes with the environment. Taking internal and external energy processes into account, we contend in this paper that living matter can be referred to as matter of dissipative structure, with this structure assumed to be a common quality of all living creatures and living matter in general. Interruption of internal energy conversion processes and terminating the controlled energy exchange with the environment leads to degeneration of dissipative structure and reduction of the same to inanimate matter, (gas, liquid and/or solid inanimate substances), and ultimately what can be called ‘death.’ This concept of what we call dissipative nature can be extended from living organisms to social groups of animals, to mankind. An analogy based on the organization of matter provides a basis for a functional model of living entities. The models relies on the parallels among the three central structures of any cell (nucleus, cytoplasm and outer membrane) and the human body (central organs, body fluids along with the connective tissues, and external skin integument). This three-part structural organization may be observed almost universally in nature. It can be observed from the atomic structure to the planetary and intergalactic organizations. This similarity is corroborated by the membrane theory applied to living organisms. According to the energy nature of living matter and the proposed functional model, the decreased integrity of a human body's external envelope membrane is a first cause of the structural degradation and aging of the entire organism. The aging process than progresses externally to internally, as in single cell organisms, suggesting that much of the efforts towards the restoration and maintenance of the mechanisms responsible for structural development should be focused accordingly, on the membrane, i.e., the skin. Numerous reports indicate that all parts of the human body, like: bones, blood with blood vessels, muscles, skin, and so on, have some ability for restoration. Therefore, actual revival of not only aging tissue of the human body's membrane, but the entire human body enclosed within, with all internal organs, might be expected. We assess several aging theories within the context of our model and provide suggestions on how to activate the body's own anti-aging mechanisms and increase longevity. This paper presents some analogies and some distinctions that exist between the living dissipative structure matter and inanimate matter, discusses the aging process and proposes certain aging reversal solutions.     

Unusual responses of nocturnal pineal melatonin synthesis and secretion to swimming: Attempts to define mechanisms

Abstract: The effect of swimming at night on rat pineal melatonin synthesis was compared with that of light exposure at night. Rats were forced to swim at 0030 hr (lights out at 2000 hr) and sacrificed by decapitation 15 and 30 min later, immediately after swimming. Other groups of animals were exposed to white light (650μW/cm²) for 15 and 30 min at same time. Swimming caused a rapid and highly significant drop in the melatonin content in the pineal gland; however, the activity of N-acetyltransferase (NAT), the supposed rate limiting enzyme in the melatonin production, was not changed. Despite the drop in pineal melatonin levels, serum concentrations of the indole remained elevated in the rats that swam. In contrast, melatonin levels in the pineal and serum of light exposed rats fell precipitously, accompanied by a significant suppression of NAT activity. Since we anticipated that the strenuous exercise associated with swimming may induce release of artrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) from the heart, which in turn could cause the release of pineal melatonin, in a second study we injected physiological saline intravenously to stretch the cardiac muscle and release ANP. Three milliliters of normal saline was injected during the day into the jugular vein of anesthetized rats that were pretreated with isoproterenol to stimulate pineal melatonin production. Animals were killed 15 min after the saline injection, and pineal NAT activity and pineal melatonin levels were measured. The saline injections caused no alteration in the elevated levels of either NAT or melatonin. These data suggest that the disparity in pineal NAT activity (which was high) and pineal melatonin (which was low), in animals swum at night, may not be caused by ANP which is released during strenuous exercise such as swimming.     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Melatonin and photoperiodic time measurement: Seasonal breeding in the sheep

Abstract: Well-established circadian physiology supports the view that photoperiodic time measurement utilizes the coincidence between the presence of light and a photosensitive phase of a 'biological clock' to alter reproductive status—the so-called external coincidence model of seasonal breeding. In this review, we examine the mechanism whereby photoperiod interacts with presumed suprachiasmatic nuclei activity to allow endogenous melatonin to normally synchronize reproductive activity to the optimal time of year. The Romney Marsh sheep is particularly explored as an experimental model. It is suggested that the on/off activity of seasonal reproduction may be a robust mechanism able to be predictably manipulated by the judicious use of the light/dark cycle and exogenous melatonin, but firmly based on circadian principles.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.