葛根素对糖尿病大鼠血脂和主动脉细胞间粘附分子-1表达的调控

目的观察葛根素对糖尿病大鼠血脂和主动脉细胞间粘附分子-1(ICAM-1)mRNA表达的调控。方法利用链脲佐菌素腹腔注射法诱导建立1型糖尿病大鼠模型,将实验用SD大鼠随机分正常对照组、糖尿病组、葛根素治疗组。治疗16周,观察治疗期间及治疗后大鼠的一般状况、血糖(BS)、甘油三脂(TG)、胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、糖化低密度脂蛋白(G-LDL),分离主动脉,HE染色及原位杂交检测主动脉内膜ICAM-1mRNA表达。结果①造模2组大鼠均出现血脂异常[TC(0.73±0.24)mmol/Lvs(5.73±0.21)mmol/L,P<0.05);TG(1.58±0.04)mmol/Lvs(4.45±0.14)mmol/L,P<0.05);LDL(0.70±0.23)mmol/Lvs(1.53±0.17)mmol/L,P<0.05);HDL(1.58±0.04)mmol/Lvs(0.45±0.14)mmol/L,P<0.05)]及主动脉损害。②葛根素能改善基本状况,葛根素能降低糖尿病大鼠的甘油三脂[(1.61±0.14)mmol/Lvs(4.45±0.14)mmol/L,P<0.05]、胆固醇[(1.15±0.24)mmol/Lvs(5.73±0.21)mmol/L,P<0.05]、低密度脂蛋白[(0.95±0.14)mmol/Lvs(1.53±0.17)mmol/L,P<0.05]、糖化血红蛋白[(7.11±0.24)%vs(13.73±1.21)%,P<0.05]、糖化低密度脂蛋白[(477.44±70.15)mmol/Lvs(900.28±66.64)mmol/L,P<0.05],升高高密度脂蛋白[(1.55±0.25)mmol/Lvs(0.45±0.14)mmol/L,P<0.05];葛根素降低主动脉ICAM-1基因[(51.32±8.75)mmol/Lvs(85.65±9.65)mmol/L,P<0.05]表达。结论葛根素具有确切的主动脉保护作用。     

不同运动治疗对糖尿病患者糖脂代谢水平的影响

目的：探讨不同运动疗法对糖尿病患者糖脂代谢水平的影响。方法选取2012年6月至2014年3月期间广东省第二人民医院确诊并治疗的糖尿病患者140例,依据随机分配原则分为运动组和对照组,每组70例,对照组患者均给予用药、饮食指导等常规治疗,运动组患者在此基础上给予运动疗法治疗,依据疗法类型分为有氧组(有氧运动疗法)和有氧抗阻组(有氧抗阻运动疗法),随访1年,比较两组患者治疗前后的空腹、餐后血糖和血脂的差异。结果1年后,运动组患者运动后空腹血糖为(5.59±1.64) mmol/L、餐后血糖为(5.93±2.48) mmol/L、甘油三酯为(1.42±0.38) mmol/L、胆固醇为(3.96±1.28) mmol/L,对照组患者运动后空腹血糖为(6.72±1.86) mmol/L、餐后血糖为(7.86±2.62) mmol/L、甘油三酯为(1.79±0.54) mmol/L、胆固醇为(5.68±1.46) mmol/L,前者明显低于后者,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。有氧抗阻组和有氧组患者1年后的空腹血糖分别为(5.36±1.02) mmol/L和(6.02±1.35) mmol/L,餐后血糖分别为(5.87±2.16) mmol/L和(6.36±2.43) mmol/L,有氧抗阻组明显低于有氧组;有氧组和对照组1年后的空腹血糖分别为(6.02±1.35) mmol/L和(6.72±1.86) mmol/L,餐后血糖分别为(6.36±2.43) mmol/L和(7.86±2.62) mmol/L,有氧组明显低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论有氧运动疗法可有效改善患者糖脂代谢水平,结合抗阻运动康复疗法能更效降低血糖,值得临床推广。     

小营街道中老年人血脂异常的综合管理效果分析

目的 观察血脂异常人群的社区综合管理效果,制定适合社区的血脂管理方案。 方法 以小营街道健康体检发现的血脂异常人群600人作为干预组,相邻社区的血脂异常人群602人作为对照组,干预组给予个性化分级随访干预综合管理,对照组未进行综合管理,比较一年后两组的饮食、运动、吸烟、饮酒情况,药物治疗率、血脂达标率、总胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白、高密度脂蛋白水平,体质指数、腰围的变化。结果 干预组的膳食控制率、药物治疗率、血脂达标率的改善水平高于对照组,干预组血总胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白水平分别由(5.56±1.06)mmol/L、(2.59±1.09)mmol/L、(3.37±0.83)mmol/L下降至(4.59±1.21)mmol/L、(2.05±1.17)mmol/L、(2.49±0.84)mmol/L,体质指数由(25.87±3.73) kg/m2 下降至(24.89±3.79) kg/m2 ,腰围由(86.61±8.86)cm下降到(84.74±9.78)cm,与对照组相比差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 小营街道开展的血脂异常综合管理模式可以有效改善血脂异常人群的膳食情况、药物治疗率、血脂达标率,同时减小体质指数和腰围,是适合社区应用的血脂管理方式。     

肥胖程度与绝经妇女血清脂联素水平的关系

目的测定绝经妇女形态、血糖、血脂、胰岛素、血清瘦素、血清脂联素等,分析脂联素水平与肥胖程度的关系。方法89名绝经妇女[(52.5±3.10)岁,体质量指数(BMI)(24.54±3.55)]按照BMI水平分为正常体质量组、肥胖前期组和肥胖组。观察血清脂联素在3组之间的差异。结果绝经期妇女血清脂联素水平与BMI、腰臀比、血糖、胰岛素、瘦素、甘油三酯、极低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、胰岛素抵抗指数、体质量、腰围、体脂含量、体脂百分比显著负相关。3组脂联素水平分别为(16.97±9.13)、(11.91±7.76)、(8.47±7.05)μg/mL。多元逐步回归分析显示极低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、血糖和腰围是绝经期妇女基线脂联素水平的预测变量。3组脂联素、瘦素水平有显著差异(P<0.05)。结论绝经妇女脂联素水平与肥胖程度密切相关。在肥胖早期即可有脂联素的降低,伴随着体成分、血糖、血脂升高的隐患;早期预防、控制体质量是预防绝经妇女代谢性疾病发生发展的关键。     

血清残粒脂蛋白胆固醇水平与2型糖尿病微血管病变的关系

目的探讨血清残粒脂蛋白胆固醇(remnantlipoprotein-cholesterol,RLP-C)水平与2型糖尿病微血管病变的关系。方法用免疫分离法测定112例2型糖尿病(diabetesmellitus,DM)患者(其中微血管病变72例,无微血管病变者40例)及42例正常对照组的血清RLP-C水平。结果112例2型DM患者的血清RLP-C水平比42例正常对照显著增加[(0.29±0.17)mmol/Lvs(0.19±0.13)mmol/L,P<0.01],糖尿病组中微血管病变者的血清RLP-C[(0.39±0.21)mmol/L]水平显著高于无微血管病变者血清RLP-C[(0.22±0.15)mmol/L]水平(P<0.01)。RLP-C与甘油三酯(P<0.01)、极低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(P<0.01)成正相关。结论2型DM患者RLP-C水平显著增加,且在并发微血管病变者的2型DM患者增加更显著,血清RLP可能在糖尿病微血管病变的发生中起重要的作用。     

改善胰岛素抵抗药物治疗大鼠非酒精性脂肪肝病的实验研究

目的探讨罗格列酮和二甲双胍对大鼠非酒精性脂肪肝病(NAFLD)的治疗作用。方法44只雄性SD大鼠分为正常对照组(8只)和NAFLD组(36只)。以高脂饲料饲养建立NAFLD大鼠模型,8周末,处死NAFLD组大鼠4只,证实造模成功后,将NAFLD组进一步分为4组:NAFLD对照组(8只)、罗格列酮治疗组(8只)、二甲双胍治疗组(8只)和饮食治疗组(8只),除NAFLD对照组外,其余各组均进食普通饲料。12周末,处死所有动物,检测血脂、肝功能、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNFα)、肝脂质、肝组织TNFα、脂肪酸合成酶(FAS)的mRNA表达等指标及肝组织病理学。结果罗格列酮和二甲双胍治疗组血甘油三酯(0.61mmol/L±0.17mmol/L,0.63mmol/L±0.16mmol/Lvs0.85mmol/L±0.15mmol/L),总胆固醇(2.49mmol/L±0.68mmol/L,2.49mmol/L±0.58mmol/Lvs4.55mmol/L±1.58mmol/L),肝功能(丙氨酸氨基转移酶:38.3U/L±10.6U/L,43.3U/L±27.5U/Lvs110.6U/L±44.2U/L,天冬氨酸氨基转移酶:141.7U/L±14.3U/L,174.5U/L±57.9U/Lvs251.8U/L±91.0U/L),肝组织甘油三酯含量(18.9mg/g±2.7mg/g,20.4mg/g±3.6mg/gvs54.8mg/g±7.6mg/g)均显著低于NAFLD对照组(均P<0.05),其肝脂肪变性(分级:0.8±0.3,1.0±0.2vs2.8±0.5)及炎症程度(积分:0.8±0.2,1.0±0.3vs1.8±0.4)亦显著减轻(均P<0.01)。饮食治疗也能使血脂异常和肝组织病理学改变有一定改善,但对肝功能异常和肝脏炎症改善不明显,且疗效不如两药物治疗组。罗格列酮和二甲双胍治疗组的血清TNFα(125pg/ml±21pg/ml,155pg/ml±33pg/ml vs324pg/ml±34pg/ml)及肝组织TNFαmRNA(0.24±0.14,0.30±0.12vs0.85±0.12),FAS mRNA表达水平(0.22±0.14,0.29±0.16vs0.68±0.23)亦显著低于NAFLD对照组(均P<0.05)。结论罗格列酮和二甲双胍可有效治疗大鼠NAFLD。     

脑卒中和血脂异常相关性探讨

目的:探讨脑卒中和血脂异常的相关性。方法:选择脑卒中患者47例(脑梗死28例,脑出血19例)和健康体检者22例。抽取空腹8小时后的清晨静脉血3m l,分别进行血清总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、甘油三酯、载脂蛋白A及载脂蛋白B检测。结果:脑卒中患者存在不同程度的血脂异常,与健康对照组比较,胆固醇分别为5.61±0.87mmol/L、3.98±0.58mmol/L,甘油三酯分别为2.05±0.62mmol/L、1.04±0.29mmol/L,低密度脂蛋白分别为3.19±1.06mmol/L、1.60±0.43mmol/L,两组比较,P均<0.01;载脂蛋白A脑卒中组明显低于对照组,分别为1.23±0.27mmol/L、1.54±0.15mmol/L,P<0.01;脑梗死患者低密度脂蛋白胆固醇明显高于脑出血患者,分别为3.52±1.01mmol/L、2.87±1.13mmol/L,二者比较,P<0.05。结论:血清总胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平升高,载脂蛋白A降低均与脑卒中发病密切相关,其中以低密度脂蛋白胆固醇作用更显著。     

初诊2型糖尿病空腹及餐后2小时血脂分析

目的:了解初诊2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者空腹及餐后2小时血脂代谢状况。方法:收集初诊T2DM患者30例,对照组为非糖尿病患者23例,检测空腹及餐后2小时血脂,进行相互比较。结果:T2DM组空腹至餐后2小时TG及LDL持续处于高水平,A1/B持续处于低水平(分别为1.65±1.15mmol/Lvs1.77±1.24mmol/L;2.71±0.67mmol/Lvs2.70±0.73mmol/L和1.38±0.50mmol/Lvs1.31±0.38mmol/L,P>0.05)。T2DM组空腹LDL和Lpa高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(分别为2.71±0.67mmol/Lvs2.17±0.59mmol/L和25±9mg/dlvs15±20mg/dl,P<0.05),空腹及餐后ApoB高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(分别为89±23mg/dlvs67±16mg/dl和90±22mg/dlvs70±19mg/dl,P<0.05),餐后A1/B低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(1.31±0.38vs1.77±0.81,P<0.05)。结论:初诊T2DM患者血脂紊乱自空腹持续至餐后,需加强对血脂的积极调控。     

降脂灵片对高胆固醇血症患者抗氧化能力的影响

观察降脂灵片对高胆固醇血症患者血清一氧化氮、丙二醛及总抗氧化能力的影响,以探讨降脂灵片的抗氧化作用。将60例高胆固醇血症患者随机分为降脂灵组和对照组,服药前及服药4周后检测血清血脂及一氧化氮、丙二醛、总抗氧化能力含量。结果示降脂灵组血清总胆固醇显著下降[(6.3±0.7)mmol/L比(5.8±0.8)mmol/L,P<0.05];一氧化氮含量显著上升[(12.7±2.5)μmol/L比(20.7±3.5)μmol/L,P<0.01],总抗氧化能力含量显著上升[(12±6)单位/m l比(23±7)单位/m l,P<0.01],丙二醛显著下降[(6.6±5.7)nmol/L比(2.7±2.6)nmol/L,P<0.01]。提示降脂灵片在降低血清胆固醇的同时能够增强高胆固醇血症患者机体抗氧化能力。     

大鼠盲襻综合征模型的建立

目的:建立一种费时短的大鼠盲襻综合征(BLS)模型。方法:35只SD大鼠随机分为两组:对照组7只,不行任何干预;实验组28只,行空肠造襻手术。检测体重、肠液菌落数、血常规和血生化。结果:实验组术后7天盲襻细菌菌落数>105个/m l,14天体重增长停滞,与对照组比较,实验组术后28天出现血红蛋白下降,为(144.8±9.4)g/Lvs(155.0±5.1)g/L,P<0.05;平均红细胞体积增加,为(77.9±5.7)flvs(57.6±1.6)fl,P<0.01;血清总蛋白下降,为(42.9±7.3)g/Lvs(60.7±7.6)g/L,P<0.01;清蛋白下降,为(26.8±4.4)g/Lvs(35.6±2.5)g/L,P<0.05。血钙、钠、钾、氯离子浓度无显著性改变。结论:该模型是一种成功的大鼠BLS模型。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.