普通型新型冠状病毒肺炎165例患者的临床和代谢特征

目的:回顾性分析普通型新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)康复患者的临床特征和血清学特点。方法:收集2020年2月23日至3月15日在湖北省武汉市雷神山医院康复出院的165例普通型COVID-19患者临床资料,按年龄分为老年和非老年组,比较2组患者的临床和血清学代谢特征。结果:165例患者中60岁以上老年占49.7%。...     

洛阳地区新型冠状病毒肺炎患者出院1年健康状况随访

目的:回顾性分析洛阳地区新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)患者出院1年内的健康状况。方法:回顾性分析2020年1个月19日至2020年4月28日期间,河南科技大学第一附属医院出院且符合纳入标准的27例COVID-19患者的基线临床特征、出院时存在症状、CT肺炎评分、呼吸困难评估(mMRC)评分、6 min步行距离(6MWD)以及上述指标在出院1、3、6个月及1年时随访情况进行统计学分析。结果:27例研究对象,16例(59.3%)为男性,11例(40.7%)为女性,23例为普通型,4例为重型。出院时COVID-19患者存在的症状多于出院6个月基本消失,但在出院1年时,仅仍有1例重型COVID-19患者(3.7%)存在咳嗽症状,2例(7.4%)存在胸闷症状。普通型及重症COVID-19患者的在出院1年的6MWD较出院时均有改善,且重型COVID-19患者改善更为明显,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。出院1年时,22例COVID-19患者(81.5%)的CT肺部病变完全吸收,2例COVID-19患者(7.4%)存在轻度肺弥散功能障碍。结论:洛阳地区COVID-19患者在出院1年时大部分患者健康状况良好,基本恢复至生病前状态,但仍有部分患者遗留咳嗽、胸闷及肺部病变吸收延迟及轻度肺弥散功能受损。     

武汉市金银潭医院141例新型冠状病毒肺炎死亡病例临床特征分析

目的:回顾性分析湖北省武汉市金银潭医院新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）141例死亡患者的流行病学特点及临床资料,以期为临床诊治提供依据。方法:回顾性分析2020年1月20日至3月6日湖北省武汉市金银潭医院141例确诊COVID-19死亡患者的流行病学、临床特征、实验室和影像学资料及临床治疗方法进行。结果:141例C...     

基于倾向性评分匹配法的血浆D-二聚体升高与新型冠状病毒肺炎重症化相关性研究

目的 评估血浆D-二聚体(D-dimer,D-D)与新型冠状病毒肺炎(coronavirus disease 2019,COVID-19)重症化的相关性.方法 回顾性分析2020年1月20日—2月8日在阜阳市第二人民医院住院的102例COVID-19患者的临床资料,将患者按血浆D-D是否升高分为D-D不升高组与D-D持...     

8例肝移植术后新型冠状病毒感染患者的诊治经验总结

目的 总结肝移植术后新型冠状病毒感染(COVID-19)患者的诊治经验。方法 回顾性分析2022年12月至2023年1月于南京医科大学第一附属医院肝胆中心诊治的8例肝移植术后COVID-19患者临床资料,并结合文献进行讨论。结果 8例肝移植术后COVID-19患者中中型3例,重型5例,无危重型病例。所有患者治愈出院,住院时间5～21 d。1例患者出院后仍有低热,氧合改善不明显,再次收住入院治疗后康复出院。无中型/重型向重型/危重型进展病例。结论 肝移植术后患者是COVID-19易感人群,有进展为危重型病例的高危因素,科学合理诊治能够取得满意诊疗效果。     

重症新型冠状病毒肺炎患者的心率特点及β受体阻滞剂的早期应用价值

目的:探讨重症新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）患者的心率特点以及β受体阻滞剂的早期应用价值。方法:回顾性分析2020年1月25日至3月10日在华中科技大学附属同济医院光谷院区、中法新城院区重症病区以及湖北省中西医结合医院呼吸内科三病区收治的146例重症COVID-19患者的临床资料,比较重症与危重症患者的一般情况及...     

重型新型冠状病毒肺炎患者临床特征及诊治分析

目的 总结重型新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)患者临床特征及诊治经验。方法 回顾性分析2020 年1 月27 日至2020 年3 月10 日在我院诊治的重症COVID-19 患者资料。结果 5 例重症COVID-19 患者中,男性2例,女性3 例,年龄47~65 岁,3 例合并基础疾病,主要临床表现为发热、咳嗽、咳痰、胸闷、乏力及腹泻等。外周血淋巴细胞绝对值与嗜酸性粒细胞均出现显著降低。胸部CT 表现为外周分布、双肺多发斑片状阴影。5 例重症患者均予抗病毒治疗,康复者血浆治疗1 例,托珠单抗治疗1 例。患者均治愈出院。结论 5 例重症COVID-19 患者以呼吸道症状及消化道症状为主要表现,外周血淋巴细胞及嗜酸性粒细胞显著减少,影像学特点以外周分布的两肺多发斑片状阴影为主,经积极治疗预后良好。     

1例危重型新型冠状病毒肺炎患者的护理体会

新型冠状病毒肺炎(2019 novel corona virus COVID-19)病原体为2019新型冠状病毒(2019 novel coronavirus,2019-nCoV)[1],2019年12月,中国武汉曝发了COVID-19疫情[2-3],随着疫情的蔓延,我国其他地区及境外也相继出现了此病例.该病作为急性呼吸道传染病已纳入 中华人民共和国传染病防治法 规定乙类传染病,按甲类传染病管理.截至2020年2月20日,中国确诊病例已达75465例,累计出院18264例,累计死亡2236例.NCP分为轻型、普通型、重型及危重型[1].患者最初表现为发烧,有或没有呼吸道症状,但所有患者后来在胸部CT成像[2,4]上出现不同程度的肺部异常.     

早期肺康复训练对普通型新型冠状病毒肺炎患者临床症状及胸部CT影像变化相关性临床研究

目的:探讨早期肺康复训练对普通型新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)患者临床症状及胸部CT影像变化相关性临床研究。方法:选取河北支援湖北第一批医疗队在武汉市第七医院2020年2月2日至3月14日40例普通型COVID-19患者资料进行回顾性研究。22例接受早期卧位肺康复训练治疗者为观察组,18例未接受早期肺康复训练治疗...     

新型冠状病毒肺炎出院患者复阳原因及传染性分析

当前,新型冠状病毒肺炎(coronavirus disease 2019,COVID-19)疫情在我国已被控制,但临床发现,部分患者出院后核酸复检出现阳性,该现象引起了医学界广泛关注.本文通过查阅相关文献,综合相关学者观点,对COVID-19治愈出院患者复阳的可能原因进行多层次分析.综合意见认为,出院患者核酸复检出现阳...     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.