超重/肥胖对急性ST段抬高心肌梗死急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗心肌灌注的影响

目的采用心电图ST段回落指数(ST-segment elevation resolution,STR)和冠状动脉造影心肌呈色分级(myocardial blush grade,MBG)评价超重/肥胖对急性心肌梗死(AMI)直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)后心肌灌注以及患者预后的影响。方法120例AMI并行急诊PCI治疗的超重/肥胖和体重正常患者,分析心电图ST段回落指数和MBG,并进行临床随诊。结果超重组、肥胖组和体重正常组PCI术后TIMI血流3级的患者比较差异无统计学意义。但超重组、肥胖组心肌微循环灌注不良多于体重正常组(MBG0/1级三组分别为44.6%、64.3%和30.6%,MBG2/3级三组分别为55.4%、35.7%和69.4%,P=0.027),超重组、肥胖组ST段回落不全也多于体重正常组(STR<50%三组分别为39.3%、57.1%和22.2%,STR≥50%三组分别为60.7%、42.9%和77.8%,P=0.017)。但超重组、肥胖组和体重正常组患者联合终点事件的发生率在随访期间差异无统计学意义(三组分别为16.1%、17.8%和16.7%,P=0.978)。COX比例风险回归分析显示体重对患者的预后无明显的预测价值[RR2.46(95%可信区间0.64~6.57),P=0.128]。结论在成功接受急诊介入治疗后,超重或肥胖患者更容易出现心肌微循环的障碍,但随诊期间患者的联合终点事件发生率差异并无明显统计学意义。     

入院血糖水平与急诊冠状动脉介入治疗术后患者预后的相关性

目的探讨急性心肌梗死（AMI）患者血糖水平与经皮冠状动脉介入（PCI）干预后住院期间心脏不良事件的相关性。方法入选312例初发AMI患者于入院即刻测定静脉血糖,并于发病24h内行急诊PCI。根据入院即刻血糖水平分为高血糖组（血糖〉11mmol／L,44例）和血糖正常组（血糖≤11mmol／L,268例）;按是否合并糖尿病分为糖尿病组（81例）和非糖尿病组（231例）。随访患者住院期间病死率及术后180d心脏不良事件发生率。结果无论是否合并糖尿病,高血糖组住院期间病死率及PCI术后180d心脏不良事件发生率均明显高于血糖正常组（18．2％比3．0％,P〈0．001;25％比12．7％,P=0．047）,多因素分析显示入院即刻血糖为死亡及心脏不良事件的独立预测因素（OR5．15,95％CI 1．74～15．28,P=0．003及OR 2．84,95％CI 1．18～6．83,P=0．019）,而是否合并糖尿病对上述终点无明显影响。结论无论是否合并糖尿病,入院即刻高血糖是AMI患者PCI术后住院期间病死率和180d心脏不良事件的相对独立危险因素。     

ST段抬高的急性心肌梗死急诊介入治疗后单导联ST段回落不良对预后的影响及其预测因素

目的探讨单个导联ST段回落程度不良对临床预后的影响并筛选其相关的预测因素,以早期识别高危患者,从而积极防止心肌无复流的发生。方法回顾性收集964例急性ST段抬高心肌梗死行急诊PCI患者的临床资料、冠状动脉造影资料与心电图,分析单导联ST段回落不良患者的临床特征及住院期间主要不良心脏事件（MACE）发生的差异,应用统计学软件筛选盯段回落不良的预测因素。结果急诊PCI后梗死相关血管（IRA）前向血流达到TIMIⅢ级而心电图ST段回落小于50％者占27．42％。ST段无回落组其年龄更大、前壁心肌梗死比率更多、心功能分级≥Killip2级更多、肌酸激酶同工酶（CK-MB）峰值更高、糖尿病比率更多、纤维蛋白原浓度更大、C反应蛋白（CRP）升高比率更多、入院白细胞水平更高、胸痛至急诊室时间更长、冠状动脉病变更复杂,临床预后比较显示,汀段无回落组平均住院日更长,左室射血分数更低,梗死后心绞痛发生率更高,术后IRA血流TIMIⅢ级达标率更低,心力衰竭、恶性心律失常、心脏性死亡以及总的MACE事件发生率更高（25．5％对4．4％,P〈0．001）。Cox回归分析显示ST段回落不良是住院期间发生MACE的独立预测因素之一（RR=3．33,P〈0．001）。Logistic回归分析显示ST段回落不良的预测因素有前壁心肌梗死、入院心功能分级2级以上（Killip）、胸痛至急诊室时间（h）、入院白细胞计数。结论ST段抬高的心肌梗死急诊PCI后IRA达到TIMIⅢ级血流者仍会有近1／3的患者其心电图ST段回落小于50％,反映其心肌组织水平灌注不良,这些患者住院期间发生MACE的风险明显升高。前壁心肌梗死、入院心功能较差、入院白细胞计数较高、胸痛至急诊室时间较长等均与ST段回落不良高度相关,对具备以上情况的高危患者应采取更加积极的干预方案。     

急性ST段抬高性心肌梗死急诊介入治疗后单导联ST段回落不良对预后的影响

目的探讨急性ST段抬高性心肌梗死（STEMI）急诊介入治疗后单导联ST段回落程度对预后的影响。方法回顾性分析248例急性STEMI行急诊PCI治疗患者的临床资料,将患者分为两组,A组为ST段回落良好组（回落率950％）,B组为ST段回落不良组（回落率〈50％）。比较两组的预后情况。结果A组172例（69．40％）,B组76例（30．60％）。随访2年,B组发生主要心脏不良事件（MACE）的比例高于A组,B组在随访期间发生MACE的相对危险度（RR值）为42．48（P〈0．05）。结论急性STEMI急诊介入治疗后ST段回落程度与临床预后显著相关。     

S T段抬高心肌梗死患者急诊PCI术后心肌再灌注的预测指标

目的：评价ST段抬高心肌梗死（ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction,STEMI）患者急诊冠脉介入（percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI）术后心肌再灌注的预测指标。方法选择发病12 h内接受直接PCI治疗的STEMI患者176例,根据术后TIMI血流分级分为A组（TIMI 3级,灌注良好组）,B组（TIMI 0-2级,灌注不良组）。采用心电图ST段回落、心肌损伤标志物水平进行分析。结果灌注不良组患者心电图ST段术后1 h回落不佳;CK-MB水平B组明显高于A组（P＜0．01）,且峰值持续时间长;术后BNP水平B 组明显高于A 组（P＜0．05）;术后1周B组LVEF值明显低于A组（P＜0．05）。结论 ST段早期回落是STEMI患者急诊PCI术后心肌再灌注的有效预测指标,与心肌损伤标志物水平升高一致。     

急性心肌梗死患者直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗疗效与预后的影响因素

目的研究接受直接PCI治疗的ST段抬高AMI患者中，PCI术后即刻TIMI血流分级、心电图ST段的回落、心肌酶峰值、LVEF以及随访期间不良事件发生情况的影响因素，特别是评价症状发作至球囊打开时间（symptom-onset-to-balloon time，SOTB）以及接诊至球囊打开时间（door．to．bal．loon time，DTB）与上述指标的关系。方法人选2001年1月至2006年4月因ST段抬高AMI收入北京大学第一医院、接受了直接PCI，且已随访半年以上的患者120例，随访时间5．0～65．4个月，中位随访时间20．1个月，收集包括疾病史、吸烟史、体重指数、入院时Killip分级等基线资料，记录SOTB时间，DTB时间、冠状动脉病变情况、合并用药情况、术后TIMI血流分级、心电图ST段的回落、术后心肌酶峰值、LVEF，记录随访期间不良事件。采用多因素Logistic回归分析，评价上述指标对疗效及预后的影响。结果（1）SOTB是影响PCI术后即刻TIMI血流分级的独立的危险因素：与SOTB大于360min的患者相比，SOTB小于360min的患者发生无血流／慢血流的危险明显降低（OR=0．2，95％CI：0．0～1．0，P=0．045）；（2）肥胖是影响术后心肌酶峰值的独立的危险因素（β=117．3，95％CI：12．1～222．6，P=0．029）；（3）高龄、肥胖、术前Killip分级是影响术后LVEF的独立危险因素，其中高龄（B=-6，95％CI：-9．7～-2．2，P=0．002）、月巴胖（β=-3．8，95％CI：-7．6～-0．1，P=0．044）与低的LVEF显著相关，而术前Killip分级Ⅰ级与高的LVEF显著相关（B=4．9，95％CI：O．4～9．4，P：0．033）；（4）术前Killip分级与多支血管病变是随访期间不良事件发生的独立的预测因素：与KillipⅡ级以上患者相比，KillipⅠ级患者随访期间不良事件发生风险明显降低（OR=0．1，95％CI：0．0～0．7，P=0．022）；而与单支病变患者相比，多支血管病变随访期间不良事件?     

老年急性ST段抬高心肌梗死急诊介入治疗后心肌组织水平再灌注不良的发生率及其对临床预后的影响

目的探讨老年急性心肌梗死（acute myocardial infarction,AMI）-急诊经皮冠状动脉介入（percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI）治疗后心肌组织水平再灌注状态不良的发生率及其对近、远期临床预后的影响。方法回顾性收集398例老年急性ST段抬高心肌梗死（ST-elevationmyocardi-alinfarction,STEMI）行急诊PCI治疗患者的临床资料、冠状动脉造影资料与心电图,以ST段回落程度与TIMI心肌灌注（TIMIMyocardialPerfusion,TMP）分级等指标评估心肌组织水平再灌注状态,患者分为4组,A组为ST段回落率〉50%并且术后TMP分级为Ⅲ级;B组为ST段回落率〈50%而术后TMP分级=Ⅲ级;C组为术后TMP分级≤Ⅱ级而ST段回落率〉50%;D组为ST段回落率〈50%并且术后TMP分级≤Ⅱ级。分析心肌组织水平再灌注不良患者的发生率及其对近远期预后的影响。结果 STEMI急诊PCI术后梗死相关血管（infarctionrelatedartery,IRA）前向血流达到TIMIⅢ级而TMP分级为Ⅱ级以下者占37.2%,心电图ST段回落小于50%者占37.2%,均接近1/3。12.5%的患者具有远端栓塞。术后ST段回落率〉50%并且TMP分级为Ⅲ级者占总人数的39.8%,ST段回落率〈50%,并且术后TMP分级≤Ⅱ级占总人数的14.3%。心肌组织灌注状态不良者与心肌组织灌注状态良好者相比平均住院日更长,左室EF值更低,梗死后心绞痛发生率更高,远端栓塞发生率更高,IABP辅助应用比率更大,心功能恶化、心脏性死亡更高。与D组相比,随访期间MACE的发生风险在C组为43%（P=0.11）,在B组为24%（P〈0.01）,在A组为2.7%（P〈0.01）。结论老年急性心肌梗死行急诊PCI治疗后IRA再通者仅有不到40%的患者其心肌组织水平得到了良好的再灌注,其近、远期预后较好,而剩余约60%的患者其心肌组织水平存在不同程度的再灌注障碍,其中有大概约超过10%的患者其心肌组织水平存在较差的再灌注状态,这些患者在住院期间以及远期随访期间有着极高的MACE发生风险。     

他汀类药物对急性心肌梗死患者PCI术后无复流的影响

目的探讨急性心肌梗死（AMI）患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）术前应用他汀类药物对无复流及主要心脏不良事件（MACE）的影响。方法首次ST抬高型AMI发病12h内行直接PCI治疗的136例连续入院患者,按照术前是否服用他汀类药物分为他汀治疗组（40例）和非他汀治疗组（96例）。观察PCI术后无复流的发生情况。结果他汀组PCI术后无复流发生率明显低于非他汀组（12．5％比34．3％,P〈0．01）。多变量logistic回归分析显示,PCI术前没有应用他汀类药物是PCI术后出现无复流的独立预测因素（RR为3．56,95％CI1．59-4．58,P〈0．05）。PCI术后1个月他汀组MACE发生率明显低于非他汀治疗组（12．5％比31.3％,P〈0．01）。结论PCI术前应用他汀类药物可明显降低PCI术后无复流发生率,减少MACE发生,改善预后。     

急性ST段抬高心肌梗死急诊介入治疗后心肌再灌注不良对近、远期预后的影响

目的 探讨急性心肌梗死急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)后心肌再灌注状态不良的发生率及其对近、远期临床预后的影响.方法 回顾性收集964例急性ST段抬高心肌梗死(STEMI)行急诊PCI治疗患者的临床资料、冠状动脉造影资料与心电图,以ST段回落程度与心肌梗死溶栓试验心肌灌注(TMP)分级等指标评估心肌再灌注状态.患者分为4组:A组为ST段回落率≥50%并且术后TMP分级为Ⅲ级;B组为ST段回落率<50%并且术后TMP分级为Ⅲ级;C组为ST段回落率≥50%并且术后TMP分级≤Ⅱ级;D组为ST段回落率<50%并且术后TMP分级≤Ⅱ级.以A组代表心肌灌注状态良好者,D组代表心肌灌注状态不良者.分析心肌再灌注不良患者的发生率及其对近远期预后的影响.结果 STEMI急诊PCI术后梗死相关动脉前向血流达到TIMIⅢ级而TMP分级为Ⅱ级以下者占27.3%(237/964),心电图ST段回落小于50%者占30.6%(266/964).11.31%(109/964)的患者发生远端栓塞.A组占总例数的48.9%(425/964),D组占总例数的10.5%(91/964).与A组比较,D组患者在住院期间(RR=64.63,P<0.01)以及随访期间(RR=11.69,P<0.01)均有较高的主要不良心脏事件发生风险.结论 急性心肌梗死急诊PCI后不到50%的患者心肌再灌注良好,心肌再灌注状态与近、远期临床预后显著相关.     

急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死围手术期替罗非班不同给药方法的研究

目的探讨导管室内经下游冠状动脉和上游静脉内注射负荷剂量替罗非班对血管造影结果和左室功能的影响。方法连续入选210例急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死行直接PCI的患者,分为上游静脉组（105例,在急诊室经静脉注射负荷剂量的替罗非班10μg／kg）和下游冠状动脉组（105例,在导管室完成诊断性造影之后经指引导管冠状动脉内注射替罗非班10μg／kg）。两组患者均后续以0．15μg·kg^-1·min^-1静脉泵入替罗非班36h。观察指标包括：手术前、后TIMI（TIMI）血流分级,校正TIMI计帧数（cTFC）,心肌灌注分级（MBG）。术后1个月使用超声心动图评价左室功能恢复情况。结果上游静脉组各个初始造影指标均明显优于下游冠状动脉组,TIMI3级血流24％比10％,P=0．01;cTFC（78±30）比（92±21）,P=0．001;MBG2或3级15％比6％,P=0．02。而术后心肌水平灌注指标下游冠状动脉组均明显优于上游静脉组,ST段回落〉70％的比率50％比35％,P=0．03;MBG2或3级79％比58％,P=0．01。左室功能恢复指标显示下游冠状动脉组明显优于上游静脉组,EF平均增加（8±7）％比（6±7）％,P=0．02;室壁运动分数指数平均增加（0．4±0.3）比（0.3±0．3）,P=0．03。结论行直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗的ST段抬高型急性心肌梗死患者,在导管室经冠状动脉注射替罗非班,可以改善介入术后的心肌组织水平灌注和术后1个月时左室功能的恢复。这可能得益于冠状动脉内局部注射,使病变局部及病变远端的血管床有较高的药物浓度。     

Impact of diabetes mellitus on myocardial perfusion after primary angioplasty in patients with acute myocardial infarction

OBJECTIVES: We investigated the impact of diabetes mellitus on myocardial perfusion after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) utilizing myocardial blush grade (MBG) and ST-segment elevation resolution (STR). BACKGROUND: Diabetes is an independent predictor of outcomes after primary PCI for acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Whether the poor prognosis is due to lower rates of myocardial reperfusion is unknown. METHODS: Reperfusion success in those with and without diabetes mellitus was determined by measuring MBG (n = 1,301) and STR analysis (n = 700) in two substudies of the Controlled Abciximab and Device Investigation to Lower Late Angioplasty Complications (CADILLAC) trial among patients undergoing primary PCI for AMI. RESULTS: There were no differences between those with or without diabetes with regard to postprocedural Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) flow grade 3 (>95%), distribution of infarct-related artery, and the frequency of stent deployment or abciximab administration. Patients with diabetes mellitus were more likely to have absent myocardial perfusion (MBG 0/1, 56.0% vs. 47.1%, p = 0.01) and absent STR (20.3% vs. 8.1%, p = 0.002). Diabetes mellitus (hazard ratio [HR] 1.63 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.17 to 2.28], p = 0.004) was an independent predictor of absent myocardial perfusion (MBG 0/1) and absent STR (HR 2.94 [95% CI 1.64 to 5.37], p = 0.005) by multivariate modeling. CONCLUSIONS: Despite similar high rates of TIMI flow grade 3 after primary PCI in patients with and without diabetes, patients with diabetes are more likely to have abnormal myocardial perfusion as assessed by both incomplete STR and reduced MBG. Diminished microvascular perfusion in diabetics after primary PCI may contribute to adverse outcomes.     

老年患者直接冠状动脉介入术后心肌组织灌注的特点及预后分析

目的观察老年急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者接受PCI后的心肌组织水平的灌注特点及预后情况。方法选择因AMI行PCI的患者388例,根据患者年龄分为老年组(≥60岁)187例及中青年组(<60岁)201例。通过观察TIMI心肌灌注(TMP)分级、心肌blush分级(MBG)及术后ST段回落比例,评价2组患者的术后心肌组织灌注及预后。结果中青年组较老年组病变血管数明显降低,梗死相关血管开通时间明显缩短,术后MBG 3级、术后TMP 3级及ST段回落比例及LVEF均明显升高(P<0.05)。结论老年AMI患者冠状动脉病变程度重,PCI术后虽病死率低于中青年,但组织水平灌注和心功能较差,应给予足够的重视。     

血栓抽吸导管在急性心肌梗死患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗中的应用

目的评价急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)中应用Diver CE血栓抽吸导管的可靠性、实用性与安全性。方法选择我院2006年7月至2007年7月接受直接PCI的AMI患者64例,分成血栓抽吸后经皮冠状动脉介入治疗组(PT+PCI)与单纯PCI组,比较两组间TIMI血流、心肌灌注分级(TMP)(2.65±0.54)级、2 h ST段回落率56.07%±9.20%、左室射血分数(LVEF)及血管重建率。结果PT+PCI组的TIMI血流(2.54±0.18)级、TMP(2.65±0.54)级、2 h ST段回落率89.73%±9.43%、LVEF值56.07%±9.20%及血管重建率0%,明显优于单纯PCI组的TIMI血流(2.01±0.28)级、TMP(1.52±0.47)级、2 hST段回落率56.41%±12.59%、LVEF值51.11%±8.97%及血管重建率3.33%(P<0.05)。结论PCI中应用Diver CE血栓抽吸装置能明显减少冠状动脉血栓及远端栓塞,有效地改善心肌灌注,减少无复流发生,使用安全,效果明显。     

Impact of multivessel disease on reperfusion success and clinical outcomes in patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention for acute myocardial infarction.

AIMS: We sought to investigate the impact of multivessel coronary artery disease (CAD) on reperfusion success and prognosis following primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The influence of multivessel disease on myocardial reperfusion and subsequent survival after primary PCI has not been studied. METHODS AND RESULTS: In the CADILLAC trial, primary PCI was performed in 2082 patients of any age with AMI within 12 h of symptom onset. Myocardial perfusion post-PCI assessed by ST-segment recovery and myocardial blush and clinical outcomes were stratified by the extent of CAD. Single-, double-, and triple-vessel disease were present in 1066 (51.2%), 692 (33.2%), and 324 (15.6%) patients, respectively. Patients with multivessel disease compared with those with single-vessel disease undergoing primary PCI were significantly more likely to have absent ST-segment recovery (13.3 vs. 7.4%, P = 0.01), though the rates of post-procedural TIMI-3 flow (89.7 vs. 88.9%, P = 0.66) and grade 2 or 3 myocardial blush (51.2 vs. 51.5%, P = 0.91) in the infarct vessel were comparable. By 1 year, the cumulative incidence of death for patients with single-, double-, and triple-vessel disease was 3.2, 4.4, and 7.8%, respectively (P = 0.003), and the composite rate of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) was 14.8, 19.5, and 23.6%, respectively (P = 0.0006). By multivariable analysis, the presence of triple-vessel disease was the strongest predictor of 1-year death [hazard ratio (HR) = 2.60, P = 0.009], death and re-infarction (HR = 1.88, P = 0.03), and MACE (HR = 1.80, P = 0.0009). CONCLUSION: Patients with extensive CAD in vessels remote from the infarct-related artery have reduced reperfusion success and an adverse prognosis following primary PCI in AMI. Future studies regarding the optimal treatment of patients with multivessel disease and AMI are warranted.     

Comparison of myocardial reperfusion in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention in ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction with versus without diabetes mellitus (from the EMERALD Trial)

Diabetes mellitus is strongly associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. It is unknown whether myocardial perfusion is decreased in diabetic compared with nondiabetic patients after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), which may contribute to their worse prognosis. We compared myocardial perfusion and infarct sizes between diabetic and nondiabetic patients undergoing PCI for acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction in the EMERALD trial. EMERALD was a prospective, randomized, multicenter study evaluating distal embolic protection during primary PCI in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. End points included final myocardial blush grade, complete ST-segment resolution (STR) 30 minutes after PCI, and final infarct size as determined by technetium-99m single proton emission computed tomography measured between days 5 and 14. Of 501 patients, 62 (12%) had diabetes mellitus. Diabetic patients had impaired myocardial perfusion after PCI as measured by myocardial blush grade 0/1 (34% vs 16%, p = 0.002) and lower rates of complete 30-minute STR (45% vs 65%, p = 0.005). Infarct size (median 20% vs 11%, p = 0.005), development of new onset severe congestive heart failure (12% vs 4%, p = 0.016), and 30-day mortality (10% vs 1%, p <0.0001) were also greater in diabetic patients. After multivariate adjustment, diabetes remained associated with lack of complete STR and mortality at 6 months. Use of distal protection devices did not improve outcomes in diabetic or nondiabetic patients. In conclusion, in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary PCI, diabetes is independently associated with decreased myocardial reperfusion, larger infarct, development of congestive heart failure, and decreased survival.     

Randomized early versus late abciximab in acute myocardial infarction treated with primary coronary intervention (RELAx-AMI Trial).

OBJECTIVES: This prospective randomized trial evaluates the impact of early abciximab administration on angiographic and left ventricular function parameters. BACKGROUND: Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors improve myocardial reperfusion in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), but optimal timing of administration remains unclear. METHODS: Two-hundred ten consecutive patients with first AMI undergoing primary PCI were randomized to abciximab administration either in the emergency room (early group: 105 patients) or in the catheterization laboratory, after coronary angiography (late group: 105 patients). Primary end points were initial Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) flow grade, corrected TIMI frame count (cTFC), and myocardial blush grade (MBG), as well as left ventricular function recovery as assessed by serial echocardiographic evaluations. RESULTS: Angiographic pre-PCI analysis showed a significantly better initial TIMI flow grade 3 (24% vs. 10%; p = 0.01), cTFC (78 +/- 30 frames vs. 92 +/- 21 frames; p = 0.001), and MBG 2 or 3 (15% vs. 6%; p = 0.02) favoring the early group. Consistently, post-PCI tissue perfusion parameters were significantly improved in the early group, as assessed by 60-min ST-segment reduction > or =70% (50% vs. 35%; p = 0.03) and MBG 2 or 3 (79% vs. 58%; p = 0.001). Left ventricular function recovery at 1 month was significantly greater in the early group (mean gain ejection fraction 8 +/- 7% vs. 6 +/- 7%, p = 0.02; mean gain wall motion score index 0.4 +/- 0.3 vs. 0.3 +/- 0.3, p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: In patients with AMI treated with primary PCI, early abciximab administration improves pre-PCI angiographic findings, post-PCI tissue perfusion, and 1-month left ventricular function recovery, possibly by starting early recanalization of the infarct-related artery.     

Impact of insulin-requiring diabetes mellitus on effectiveness of reperfusion and outcome of patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention for acute myocardial infarction

The relation between diabetes mellitus (DM) and outcome was assessed in a series of 1,061 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The efficacy of reperfusion was assessed by ST-segment resolution analysis. Of 1,061 patients, 166 had DM (15.6%), and 84 had insulin-requiring DM (51% of DM patients). The 6-month mortality rate was 26% in insulin-requiring DM patients, 7% in non-DM patients, and 4% in non-insulin-requiring DM patients (p <0.001). The early ST-segment resolution rate was lower in insulin-requiring DM patients (52%) compared with the other DM patients (78%) and non-DM patients (76%; p <0.001). Multivariate analysis showed insulin-requiring DM to be independently related to the risk for death (hazard ratio 1.94, 95% confidence interval 1.17 to 3.22, p = 0.009). Insulin-requiring DM is a strong predictor of mortality in patients who undergo PCI for AMI, and this relation may be explained by a less effective myocardial reperfusion despite the mechanical restoration of normal epicardial flow in most patients.     

Restoration of microcirculatory patency after myocardial infarction: results of current coronary interventional strategies and techniques

We sought to evaluate the restoration of microcirculatory patency after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in an unselected cohort of patients at a tertiary center.We retrospectively evaluated distributions of the Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) myocardial perfusion grade (TMPG) and the myocardial blush grade (MBG) in all primary PCI procedures performed at our institution during 2008. We defined optimal microvascular perfusion as simultaneous TMPG 3 and MBG 3 at procedure's end.Ninety-nine patients (mean age, 61.5 ± 12.7 yr; 64 men) underwent primary PCI. Microvascular perfusion was optimal in 69 patients (69.7%) and was associated with lower peaks of enzymes than those occurring in patients with suboptimal perfusion. When optimal microvascular perfusion was achieved, early spontaneous recanalization was more frequently observed, as expressed by a higher frequency of TIMI-3 flow (34.8% vs 10%; P=0.006), TMPG 3 (26% vs 3.3%; P=0.004), and MBG 3 (24.6% vs 3.3%; P=0.004) on the initial angiogram before primary PCI. A higher frequency of MBG 3 (50% vs 20%; P=0.005) was seen after initial recanalization in patients with optimal microvascular perfusion. Multiple regression analysis showed that MBG after initial recanalization and the use of drug-eluting stents were associated with optimal perfusion.Despite successful recanalization of the culprit coronary artery, optimal microvascular perfusion was achieved in less than 75% of the patients. Restoration of the microvasculature was associated with smaller infarcts. Procedure-related variables associated with suboptimal perfusion were unlikely to be causative.     

冠状动脉内应用维拉帕米对急性心肌梗死急诊介入治疗后冠状动脉灌注、心肌灌注和临床预后的影响

目的探讨急性ST段抬高性心肌梗死（STEMI）急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）时冠状动脉内应用维拉帕米对冠状动脉灌注、心肌灌注及临床预后的影响。方法本研究为前瞻性、随机、双盲、对照性临床研究。连续性入选99例STEMI拟行急诊PCI的患者,随机分为维拉帕米组与对照组。在支架释放后即刻,维拉帕米组在靶血管内注入维拉帕米200μg,对照组在靶血管内注入肝素生理盐水,比较两组PCI术前、术后和冠状动脉内注药后的冠状动脉灌注和心肌灌注的差别。冠状动脉灌注以心外膜TIMI血流（TFG）和校正的TIMI血流帧数计数（CTFC）来评价。心肌灌注以TIMI心肌灌注分级（TMPG）和心肌灌注显影（MBG）来评价。并比较两组在PCI术后1周心脏彩色超声结果、住院期间以及随访期间主要心脏不良事件（MACE）发生率上的差别。结果最终91例患者有完整资料,其中维拉帕米组47例,对照组44例,两组临床基本特征和造影特征相仿。维拉帕米组和对照组在术前和支架释放后即刻冠状动脉灌注和心肌灌注各指标差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。冠状动脉内注入维拉帕米后,维拉帕米组的CTFC、TFG、MBG、TMPG均较对照组有显著改善,分别为CTFC：27.1±14.2比39.0±23.8,P=0.011;TFG≥2级：100%比90.9%,P=0.035;MBG≥2级：91.5%%比75.5%,P=0.034;TMPG≥2级：89.4%比72.7%,P=0.042。维拉帕米组和对照组PCI术后1周时左室射血分数（63.4%±8.2%比63.5%±10.3%,P=0.578）、院内MACE发生率（4.3%比9.1%,P=0.613）和3个月MACE发生率（23.9%比22.7%,P=0.894）差异均无统计学意义。结论STEMI患者急诊行PCI治疗时,冠状动脉内应用维拉帕米可显著改善冠状动脉灌注和心肌灌注水平,但未观察到其对急诊PCI术后心室重构和短期临床预后的显著影响。     

Comparison of myocardial perfusion after successful primary percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction with versus without diabetes mellitus

Patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) have an adverse prognosis after ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Whether DM was associated with impaired myocardial reperfusion after successful primary percutaneous coronary intervention for STEMI was investigated. Myocardial reperfusion was assessed by ST-segment resolution and myocardial blush grade (MBG). A total of 386 patients were studied, of whom 64 (17%) had DM. These patients more frequently had reduced MBG (20% vs 10%, p = 0.02) and incomplete ST-segment resolution (55% vs 35%, p = 0.02) compared with patients without DM. After multivariate analysis, DM was still associated with impaired ST resolution (odds ratio 2.1, p = 0.03) and reduced MBG (odds ratio 2.2, p = 0.03).