缺血修饰白蛋白对心肌缺血的早期诊断价值

目的探讨缺血修饰白蛋白（IMA）对心肌缺血的早期诊断价值。方法分别采用白蛋白钴结合（ACB）试验、免疫组化法检测急性冠脉综合征（ACS组）、稳定型心绞痛（SAP组）患者的血清IMA及肌钙蛋白I（cTnI）,并与健康对照组进行比较。经工作特征曲线分析获得健康者与冠心病患者的最适截断值;根据IMA、cTnI及ECG结果评价其诊断ACS的敏感性。结果与对照组比较,ACS组、SAP组ACB值明显降低（P均〈0．01）,三组血清cTnI比较无统计学差异（P均〉0．05）;血清IMA、cTnI、ECG诊断心肌缺血的敏感性分别为81．67％、66．67％、16．67％。结论IMA可明显提高心肌缺血早期诊断的敏感性。     

窦性心率震荡对急性脑梗死患者预后的影响

目的探讨窦性心率震荡对急性脑梗死患者死亡的预测价值。方法回顾性分析急性脑梗死患者98例与对照组30例、急性脑梗死存活组75例与死亡组23例的24h动态心电图，比较各组间HRT的TO和TS结果（1）与对照组TO、TS（-6．1±3．7％、13．1±5．6ms／R-R间期）比较，急性脑梗死组TO高（-3．2％±6．3％）、TS低（6．1±6．0ms／R-R间期），差异均有显著性意义（P〈0．05、〈0．01）。（2）与急性脑梗死存活组TO、TS（-5．2±5．7％、7．0±2．1ms／R-R间期）比较，死亡组TO值高（-2．2±4．3％）、TS低（5．4±4．0ms／R-R间期），差异均有显著性意义（P〈0．05）。结论HRT与急性脯樟死患者的死亡及预后有关．可作为急性脑梗死患者预后的预测因子。     

联合测定缺血修饰白蛋白等生化标志物对急性冠脉综合征早期诊断的价值（英文）

目的：探讨生化标志物联合检测对急性冠脉综合征（ACS）的早期诊断价值。方法：对156例因胸痛4 h就诊患者,以冠状动脉造影（CAG）为诊断依据,分为ACS组（112例）和非缺血性胸痛（NICP）组（44例）。在胸痛〈4 h和4~8 h分别抽血测定缺血修饰白蛋白（IMA）,乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）,肌酸激酶（CK）,肌酸激酶同工酶（CK-MB）及心脏肌钙蛋白I（cTnI）等心脏生化标志物,并结合CAG检查结果进行综合分析。结果：在发病4h内对ACS诊断敏感性最高的是IMA（87.50%）,特异性最高的是cTnI达95.45%,准确性最高的是IMA达80.77%;4~8h对ACS诊断敏感性最高的是IMA,达91.07%,特异性最高的是cTnI（97.73%）,准确性最高的是CK和IMA,二者分别为85.90%,85.25%,无显著差异,并列第一。综合判断,无论是〈4h,还是4~8h,敏感性和准确性最高的是IMA,特异性最高的是cTnI。4 h内IMA等5项指标联合检测可提高敏感性达89.28%,特异性达95.45%,准确性达91.02%,均为最高水平。结论：对于诊断急性冠脉综合征,IMA的敏感性和准确性最高,cTnI的特异性最高,IMA等5种指标联合检测可将其诊断提高到最高水平     

血清同型半胱氨酸和尿酸水平对急性冠脉综合征患者近期预后的影响

目的：探讨急性冠脉综合征（ACS）患者血清尿酸（UA）、同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）含量对预后的预测价值。方法：将180例ACS患者,根据空腹血Hcy水平分为A组（5～10umol／L）、B组（10～15／amol／L）、C组（〉15umol／L）,测定各组UA水平。结果：A、B、C组的UA水平分别为（350．00±30．53）umol／L、（509．00±20．53）umol／L、（650．00±30．12）umol／L,3组间两两比较,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。各组间急性心肌梗死、严重心律失常、左室功能不全、心源性猝死等不良事件发生率比较,差异均有统计学意义（P均〈0．05）．结论：ACS患者随着Hcy水平的升高,UA水平逐渐升高,近期不良事件的发生率增加。UA和Hcy水平可作为预测ACS患者不良预后的指标。     

急诊冠状动脉支架术联合国产替罗非班治疗急性ST段抬高性心肌梗死的临床疗效和安全性

目的前瞻性评价急性ST段抬高性心肌梗死（STEMI）患者急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）联合应用国产替罗非班治疗的临床疗效及安全性。方法入选连续160例接受急诊PCI治疗的急性STEMI患者,随机分为替罗非班组（80例）和对照组（80例）。比较两组基础临床情况、介入治疗结果、术后即刻疗效、术后30天和180天主要心脏不良事件（MACE,包括死亡、再梗死、再次靶血管重建）发生率及左室射血分数（LVEF）。结果两组基础临床情况、介入治疗结果差异均无统计学意义。与对照组相比,替罗非班组术后即刻心肌梗死溶栓试验（TIMI）3级复流血流差异无统计学意义（95．0％比87．5％,P〉0．05）,但即刻心肌组织灌注（TMP）3级（75．0％比56．3％,P〈0．05）、校正TIMI帧数[（23．56±5．19）帧比（31．05±6．92）帧,P〈0．01）]、ST段抬高总和回落[（6．51±3．56）mm比（4．53±2．47）mm,P〈0．01]、肌酸激酶同工酶（CK—MB）峰值[（225．02±105．81）μg／L比（269．20±110．88）μg／L,P〈0．05）、肌钙蛋白Ⅰ（TnⅠ）峰值[（45．25±33．00）μg／L比（56．46±29．48）μg／L,P〈0．05]及平均住院天数[（11．38±4．63）天比（14．68±6．90）天,P〈0．01]均显著优于对照组。替罗非班组术后MACE发生率30天（5．0％比16．3％,P〈0．05）和180天（7．5％比18．8％,P〈0．05）明显降低,LVEF（术后30天：53％±7％比49％±9％,P〈0．01;术后180天：59％±8％比53％±9％,P〈0．01）显著提高。多因素logistic回归分析表明,年龄〉65岁[比值比（OR）=3．42,P〈0．01]、替罗非班治疗（OR=0．56,P〈0．05）、住院期LVEF〈0．5（OR=2．56,P〈0．01）是术后180天MACE发生率的主要决定因素。替罗非班组术后出血并发症发生率高于对照组（16．3％和7．5％）,但差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论急诊冠状动脉支架术联合应用国产替罗非班治疗STEMI能显著提高相关梗死区域再灌注水平,明显改善术后即刻、术后30天及180天临床预后和左心室收缩功能。     

冠状动脉内应用山莨菪碱对急性心肌梗死介入治疗后无再流及心室功能和收缩同步性的影响

目的探讨冠状动脉内应用山莨菪碱对急性心肌梗死介入治疗（AMI-PCI）后无再流患者的逆转作用并评价其对患者局部、整体心室功能和收缩同步性的影响。方法自2003年1月至2006年2月首发急性前壁心肌梗死并于12h内行急诊PCI的患者136例,根据心肌灌注分级方法（myocardial blush grade,MBG）确认无再流患者（MBG0-1级）47例（男36例,女11例）,平均年龄（63．23±11．24）岁,随机分为两组：A组（山莨菪碱组,24例）和B组（对照组23例）,A组于PCI后即刻由指引导管冠状动脉内注射山莨菪碱1000斗g／次,余治疗同B组。于PCI后即行左心室造影,测定心室容积、压力参数和室壁运动积分（wall motion score,WMS）;AMI后1周时行平衡法核素心室造影,测定左室整体和局部收缩功能、舒张功能和收缩同步性参数;AMI后6个月随访时重复行心室造影和核素心室造影检查测定上述参数,同时随访并记录术后6个月内主要不良心脏事件（MACE）的发生率。结果（I）A组患者在冠状动脉内应用山莨菪碱1000μg／次,平均（2．53±0．34）次后MBG由（0．74±0．32）级增加到用药后的（2．33±0．28）级。（2）AMI-PCI后6个月随访时,A组左室收缩末容积指数、左心室舒张末期容积指数、WMS和左室舒张末期压均较B组明显降低[（40．53±8．12）mL／m^2比（50．32±8．26）mL／m^2,（80．13±9．74）ml／m^2比（87．17±10．25）mL／m^2,（8．24±1．31）比（10．23±1．82）,（13．36±4．21）mmHg（1mmHg=0．133kPa）比（16．38±3．21）mmHg,P均〈0．05];核素心室造影参数比较,A组左室射血分数、峰射血率和峰充盈率等参数均较B组明显增加I（44．02±5．86）％比（38．52±5．18）％,（1．86±0．09）EDV／s比（1.61±0．09）EDV／s,（2．19±0．32）EDV／s比（1.78±0．17）EDV／s,P均〈0．05]。（3）A组AMI-PCI后6个月左室局部射血分数（LrEF）2-LrEF8均分别较B组增加13．96％、25．02％、30．36％、22．86％、27．67％、22．07％和18．71％（P均〈0．05）.（4）相位分析示A组左室收缩同步性参数相角程、半高宽和峰相位标准差亦均低于B组[（46．04±8．93）°比（53．19±16．62）°,P〈0．05;（23．02±6．27）°比（25．02±5．31）°,P〉0．05;（7．92±4．12）°比（11．76±4．11）°,P〈0．05]。（5）在6个月随访期内,A组MACE发生率明显低于B组。结论冠状动脉内注射山莨菪碱可明显逆转AMI-PCI后无再流现象,改善无再流患者的心室功能和收缩同步性,降低MACE发生率。     

老年慢性心力衰竭患者血清瘦素水平变化及其与血压的关系

该文探讨慢性心力衰竭（CHF）患者血清瘦素水平变化及其与血压的关系。方法：观察慢性心力衰竭患者35例及健康对照组30例血清瘦素、左心室射血分数（LVEF）及血压水平，分析瘦素水平与血压及LVEF之间的关系。结果：CHF组与对照组比较，血清瘦素水平分别为（11．4±5．8）、（7．3±3．1）μg／L，收缩压分别为（142．1±19．7）、（127．0±17．6）mmHg，舒张压分别为（85．0±12．9）、（78．4±9．7）mmHg，两组比较，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05和P〈0．01）。CHF患者按LVEF程度分为2组，LVEF〈30％组瘦素水平为（12．4±7．8）μg／L，30％～40％组瘦素水平为（10．8±1．8）μg／L，两组间比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05），表明LVEF水平越低，瘦素水平越高。多元回归分析显示，CHF患者血清瘦素水平分别与体重指数（r=0．910，P〈0．01）、收缩压（r=0．859，P〈0．01）、舒张压（r=0．680，P〈0．05）呈正相关，与LVEF呈负相关（r=-0．729，P〈0．01）。结论：老年CHF患者血清瘦素水平较健康对照组高。并与LVEF程度呈负相关；CHF患者血压明显高于健康对照组。且瘦素水平与血压呈正相关。提示血清瘦素水平与高血压之间存在密切联系。共同促进CHF发展。     

急性冠脉综合征患者血小板聚集率、CD62p、Hs-CRP与尿11-脱氢-TXB2水平的动态变化分析

目的观察急性冠脉综合征患者1周指标血小板聚集率、CD62p、尿11-脱氢-TXB：水平与炎性因子Hs-CRP的动态变化。方法选取2006年4月～2007年2月，首都医科大学附属复兴医院年龄在43—90岁，符合急性冠脉综合征诊断标准的患者，不稳定心绞痛或急性心肌梗死的患者95例，入院前均服用口服阿司匹林0．1g，qd，至少1周以上。测定患者血小板聚集率、CD62p、Hs．CRP、尿11-脱氢-TXB2的入院时及1周时的水平。同时随访6个月时的临床终点事件的发生率，研究这些指标和临床终点事件的相关性。结果入院时AMI组ADP诱导血小板聚集率为（50．38±14．59）％，UAP组中ADP诱导血小板聚集率为（50．04±17．5）％，显著高于对照组[（36．56±10．47）％，P〈0．01]；入院时AMI组AA诱导血小板聚集率为（21．54±13．32）％，UAP组中AA诱导血小板聚集率为（18．68±12．79）％，显著高于对照组[（7．75±4．33）％，P〈0．01]；1周时急性心肌梗死组、不稳定心绞痛与对照组ADP诱导的血小板聚集率相比[（42．59±19．84）％、（43．61±19．59）％vs（36．56±10．47）％]差异无统计学意义；1周时急性心肌梗死组AA诱导的血小板聚集率为（14．32±14．44）％，与对照组AA诱导的血小板聚集率[（7．75±4．33）％]相比，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；1周时不稳定心绞痛组AA诱导的血小板聚集率为（13．02±8．11）％，与对照组AA诱导的血小板聚集率[（7．75±4．33）％]相比，差异无统计学意义。入院时AMI组血小板CD62p为（33．61±19．33）％，UAP组中血小板CD62p为（27．09±15．69）％，高于对照组（16．92±8．73）％，P〈0．05：1周后两组血小板：AMI组血小板CD62p为（22．08±16．61）％及UAP组中血小板CD62p（20．96±11．52）％水平与对照组相比，差异无统计学意义。入院时AMI组尿11-脱氢-血栓素TXB：为722．99±637．25、UAP,组中尿11-脱氢-血栓素TXB，为699．56±587．46，显著高于对照组（42．28±35．02），P〈0．01；1周后两组AMI组尿11-脱氢-血栓素TXB2为84．56±50．35、UAP组中尿11-脱氢-血栓素TXB，为76．43±42．69，与对照组（42．28±35．02）相比，差异已无统计学意义。入院时AMI高敏c反应蛋白（36．33±26．04），UAP组中高敏C反应蛋白（9．39±6．40）高于对照组（1．56±0．75），P〈0．05；1周后AMI组Hs-CRP（2．98±1．12）、UAP组Hs-CRP（2．06±0．96）与对照组（1．56±0．75）相比，差异无统计学意义。除了Hs-CRP在AMI（36．33±26．04）、UAP（9．39±6．40）组中相比差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01），其他AMI与UAP组相比较ADP，AA诱导血小板聚集率、CD62p均差异无统计学意义。入院时ADP诱导的血小板聚集率与AA诱导的血小板聚集率正相关（相关系数0．274，P=0．007）；入院时尿11-DH-TXB，与ADP诱导的血小板聚集率正相关（相关系数0．411，P：0．008）；入院时尿11-DH-TXB：与AA诱导的血小板聚集率正相关（相关系数0．28，P=0．006）；血小板CD62p水平与高敏C-反应蛋白（Hs-CRP）正相关（相关系数0．309，P=0．002），差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论AMI、UAP组中ADP、AA诱导的血小板聚集率、CD62p、Hs-CRP及尿11-TXB2均显著高于对照组；AMI、UAP患者血小板活化标志因子CD62p与Hs-CRP呈正相关，提示炎性因子及血小板的活化可能都足影响急性冠脉综合征患者病情发展及预后的重要因素，CD62p水平升高可能为提示支架术后患者易形成血栓的指标。尿11-脱氢血栓素B2（尿11-DH-TXB2）、高敏C反应蛋白（Hs-CRP）为影响临床终点事件的因素。     

右美托咪定在合并肺心病患者腹部手术围术期的心肌保护作用研究

【摘要】 目的 研究右美托咪定在合并肺源性心脏病患者腹部手术围术期的心肌保护作用。方法 选择2016年6月至2017年6月在江汉大学附属医院[]诊断为肺心病且需要接受腹部手术的患者126例,随机分为试验组和对照组各63例。试验组在麻醉的基础上术中加用右美托咪定静脉泵入,对照组给予等量的生理盐水。对比两组患者手术前、手术后0、6、12、24 h的心肌损伤标志物,包括缺血修饰白蛋白（IMA）和肌钙蛋白（cTnI）,以及入手术室（t0）、麻醉诱导时（t1）、手术开始即刻（t2）、手术结束时（t3）的心率变异性。结果[结果部分应列举主要数据,并修改英文摘要] 两组患者手术前IMA和cTnI比较均未见统计学差异,术后各时间点试验组的IMA和cTnI明显低于对照组,在t1、t2、t3、t4各时间点,对照组和实验组的IMA分别为80.7±9.7 vs 73.1±12.4（P=0.0002）,97.6±9.5 vs 84.8±11.3（P=0.0000）,108.7±13.2 vs 90.6±12.9（P=0.0000）和97.6±11.4 vs 88.5±10.6（P=0.0000）。在t1、t2、t3、t4各时间点,对照组和实验组的cTnI分别为0.060±0.020 vs 0.040±0.005（P=0.0000）,0.070±0.030 vs 0.050±0.010（P=0.0000）,0.070±0.040 vs 0.050±0.008（P=0.0001）和0.070±0.050 vs 0.050±0.010（P=0.0022）。在t1、t2、t3时间点,两组的低频功率（LF）、高频功率（HF）、总功率（TP）均和t0时间点有显著性差异。在t3时间点,试验组LF、HF、TP、LF/HF明显低于对照组。结论 右美托咪定能减轻肺心病患者腹部手术围术期的心肌损伤,改善心率变异性。     

急性冠状动脉综合征冠状动脉支架术后应用他汀类药物对氯吡格雷抗血小板作用无影响

目的探讨急性冠状动脉综合征（ACS）患者行冠状动脉支架术后服用阿托伐他汀或普伐他汀对氯吡格雷抗血小板作用的影响。方法研究对象为150例2006年4至12月成功实施冠状动脉支架术的住院ACS患者,术后第1天起随机接受阿托伐他汀20mg／d（n=50）、普伐他汀20mg／d（／7,=50）或无他汀（n=50）治疗。围术期抗血小板治疗为阿司匹林300mg／d,当天氯吡格雷负荷量300mg,继以维持量75mg／d。观测各组患者术后第1天（基线值）及第3天的血小板膜糖蛋白P-选择素（CD62P）、血小板活化复合物（PAC-1）表达及20μmol／L二磷酸腺苷（ADP）诱导的血小板最大聚集率（MPAR）。结果三组患者临床及CD62P、PAC-1和MPAR的基线值差异均无统计学意义。各观测指标第二次测定值与基线值的差值显示,阿托伐他汀、普伐他汀和无他汀组的ACD62P[（4．69±16．78）％、（1．35±10．86）％和（2．97±10．21）％]、APAC-1[（12．78±22．07）％、（8．01±21．23）％和（10．65±21．39）％l及AMPAR[（5．44±18．68）％、（7．15±19．59）％和（3．76±23．42）％]差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。急性心肌梗死患者亚组分析结果表明,ACD62P[（7．50±19．35）％、（3．24±11．18）％和（2．53±8．87）％]、APAC-1[（13．40±24．62）％、（11．28±19．90）％和（10．11±21．29）％]及AMPAR[（7．56±19．11）％、（7．87±23．60）％和（6．75±23．30）％]三组间差异亦均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论接受冠状动脉支架术的ACS患者服用阿托伐他汀或普伐他汀后,短期内未发现对氯吡格雷的抗血小板作用产生显著影响。     

Ischemia Modified Albumin for the assessment of patients presenting to the emergency department with acute chest pain but normal or non-diagnostic 12-lead electrocardiograms and negative cardiac troponin T

BACKGROUND: The diagnosis of myocardial ischemia in patients with acute chest pain at rest but non-diagnostic electrocardiograms (ECG) is problematic. Ischemia Modified Albumin (IMA) is a new biochemical marker of ischemia, which may be useful to characterise acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients. METHODS: We studied 131 patients (mean age 58.5 years; 95 male) presenting to the emergency department with symptoms suggestive of ACS but with normal or non-diagnostic ECGs. Cardiac troponin T (cTnT) and IMA were measured within 3 h of last chest pain episode. Based on hospital diagnostic test results, patients were classified as having ACS or non-ischemic chest pain (NICP), by two independent cardiologists unaware of IMA results. RESULTS: Mean IMA levels (U/ml) were higher in patients with ACS (98.3+/-11) compared to patients with NICP (85.5+/-15); p<0.0001. IMA levels >93.5 U/ml demonstrated a sensitivity and specificity of 75% for the diagnosis of ACS; area under the receiver operator characteristic curve 0.78 (95% CI: 0.70-0.85). If we applied the manufacturer cutoff point of 85 U/ml, the sensitivity of IMA increased to 90.6% with a specificity of 49.3% (negative predictive value=84.6%). In combination with cTnT (6-12 h) (>0.05 ng/ml), the sensitivity increased to 92.2%. After multivariate analysis, IMA levels >85 U/ml (odds ratio=14.6 [95% CI 4.4-48.4]; p<0.0001), age and prior myocardial infarction were independent predictors of ACS. CONCLUSION: IMA may be a useful biomarker for the identification of ACS in patients presenting with typical acute chest pain but normal or non-diagnostic ECGs.     

Randomized comparison of upstream tirofiban versus downstream high bolus dose tirofiban or abciximab on tissue-level perfusion and troponin release in high-risk acute coronary syndromes treated with percutaneous coronary interventions: the EVEREST trial.

OBJECTIVES: We aimed to compare the effects of upstream tirofiban versus downstream high-dose bolus (HDB) tirofiban and abciximab on tissue level perfusion and troponin I release in high-risk non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). BACKGROUND: Optimal timing and dosage of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors for ACS remain to be explored. METHODS: We randomized 93 high-risk ACS patients undergoing PCI to receive upstream (in the coronary care unit) tirofiban, downstream (just prior to PCI) HDB tirofiban, and downstream abciximab. We evaluated the effects of the three drug regimens on tissue-level perfusion using the corrected Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) frame count, the TIMI myocardial perfusion grade (TMPG), and intracoronary myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE) before and immediately after PCI and after cardiac troponin I (cTnI). RESULTS: The TMPG 0/1 perfusion was significantly less frequent with upstream tirofiban compared with HDB tirofiban and abciximab both before (28.1% vs. 66.7% vs. 71%, respectively; p = 0.0009) and after PCI (6.2% vs. 20% vs. 35.5%, respectively; p = 0.015). Upstream tirofiban was also associated with a significantly higher MCE score index (0.88 +/- 0.18 vs. 0.77 +/- 0.32 vs. 0.71 +/- 0.30, respectively; p < 0.05). Post-procedural cTnI elevation was significantly less frequent among patients in the upstream tirofiban group compared with the HDB tirofiban and abciximab groups (9.4% vs. 30% vs. 38.7%, respectively; p = 0.018). The cTnI levels after PCI were significantly lower with upstream tirofiban compared with HDB tirofiban (3.8 +/- 4.1 vs. 7.2 +/- 12; p = 0.015) and abciximab (3.8 +/- 4.1 vs. 9 +/- 13.8; p = 0.0002) CONCLUSIONS: Among high-risk non-ST-segment-elevation ACS patients treated with an early invasive strategy, upstream tirofiban is associated with improved tissue-level perfusion and attenuated myocardial damage.     

急性冠状动脉综合征血清缺血修饰白蛋白的动态变化

目的:探讨血清缺血修饰白蛋白(IMA)对急性冠状动脉综合征早期的诊断价值。方法:将56例急性冠状动脉综合征患者分为三组,不稳定性心绞痛组(n=25),ST抬高心肌梗死组(n=20),非ST抬高心肌梗死组(n=11),另选50例健康体检者为正常对照组。分别于胸痛发作2、4、6、12及24 h抽血检测56例急性冠状动脉综合征患者的血清缺血修饰白蛋白、肌钙蛋白Ⅰ(cTnI)、肌酸激酶MB同工酶(CK-MB),分析缺血修饰白蛋白对急性冠状动脉综合征的诊断价值。结果:在急性冠状动脉综合征患者中缺血修饰白蛋白水平于胸痛发作2小时已明显增高并达高峰,4小时仍持续增高,明显高于正常对照组(P<0．01),6小时降至正常。而CK-MB、cTnI水平在胸痛发作4小时开始增高,6小时明显增高,以后逐步递增并在24小时达高峰。不稳定型心绞痛、ST抬高的心肌梗死、非ST抬高的心肌梗死三组中,缺血修饰白蛋白水平升高以不稳定型心绞痛组最明显。结论:缺血修饰白蛋白是诊断急性冠状动脉综合征的早期敏感指标,是目前唯一的诊断心肌缺血的生化标志物。     

强化阿托伐他汀对急性冠状动脉综合征患者选择性介入治疗围手术期的影响

目的探讨负荷剂量阿托伐他汀对非ST段抬高急性冠状动脉综合征(NSTEACS)患者PCI围手术期的影响。方法将81例NSTEACS患者随机分为负荷治疗组41例和标准治疗组40例,负荷治疗组PCI术前12 h顿服阿托伐他汀80 mg,PCI术前2 h追加阿托伐他汀40 mg。2组术前、术后8和24 h抽取肘静脉血,检测血清肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)、血浆肌钙蛋白(cTnI)和高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)等。随访30 d主要不良心脏事件发生率。结果与PCI术前比较,2组PCI术后CK-MB、cTnI和hs CRP均明显升高(P0.01),但负荷治疗组CK-MB、cTnI和hs-CRP升高水平显著低于标准治疗组(P0.01)。负荷治疗组心肌损伤标记物升高发生率较标准治疗组显著降低(7.3%vs 32.5%,P=0.003;24.4%vs 47.5%,P=0.030)。负荷治疗组主要不良心脏事件发生率较标准治疗组低(2.4% vs 22.5%,P=0.01 61),心肌梗死发生率下降(2.4%vs20.0%,P=0.0307)。结论 NSTEACS患者PCI术前应用阿托伐他汀负荷剂量,能减少PCI术对患者造成的心肌损伤及炎性反应,还可降低PCI术后不良心脏事件的发生,而且安全有效。     

Analysis of troponin I levels after spontaneous implantable cardioverter defibrillator shocks

INTRODUCTION: Serum cardiac troponin I (cTnI) is a sensitive and specific marker for myocardial injury. Myocardial ischemia and/or injury can be a trigger for ventricular arrhythmias. The aim of this study was to assess the frequency and significance of elevated serum cTnI levels after spontaneous implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) shocks. METHODS AND RESULTS: Serial cTnI measurements and ECGs were performed in 35 patients with transvenous ICDs who were admitted after spontaneous ICD shocks. Elevated cTnI levels were found in 18 patients (51%). Acute coronary syndrome was diagnosed in 5 (22%) of 23 patients with known coronary artery disease. After excluding the patients with acute coronary syndrome, elevated cTnI levels were present in 13 (43%) of 30 patients: 18% of patients with < or =3 shocks and 58% of patients with >3 shocks. Patients with elevated cTnI levels received a higher number of shocks (16+/-18 vs 5+/-7; P < 0.05) and had higher total delivered energies (475+/-538 J vs 128+/-184 J; P < 0.05) compared with patients with normal cTnI. Patients with acute coronary syndrome had higher peak cTnI levels (18+/-16 ng/mL) compared with patients with elevated cTnI without acute coronary syndrome (3.8+/-4.3 ng/mL; P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Serum cTnI rises occur in the majority of patients after multiple (>3) spontaneous ICD discharges but are due to acute coronary syndrome only 14% of the time (22% of the time in patients with known coronary artery disease).     

High positive predictive value of PAPP-A for acute coronary syndrome diagnosis in heparin-na?ve patients

Pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) was studied as a marker of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). It has been shown that its levels are increased by heparin administration. Therefore, the aim of our study was to ascertain the diagnostic significance of PAPP-A in heparin-na?ve patients and compare it with (TnI). We prospectively studied 67 heparin-na?ve patients with acute chest pain. The patients were independently grouped according to the presence or absence of ACS. PAPP-A levels were significantly increased in ACS patients (8.6 vs. 7.3 mIU/l; P = 0.006) with high positive (95.7%) and lower negative predictive values (47.7%). In multivariate analysis, its levels were strongly predictive of a final diagnosis of ACS (OR 41.8; 95th CI 2.64-662.6; P = 0.008). The diagnostic significance of PAPP-A was not higher than TnI even within 6 h after the onset of chest pain [the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.69 for PAPP-A and 0.91 for TnI, respectively; P = 0.08]. We observed no difference in the AUC in NSTE-ACS patients (0.73 for PAPP-A and 0.79 for TnI (P = 0.5)). PAPP-A levels were an independent predictor of ACS diagnosis in heparin-na?ve patients. Its diagnostic significance was not higher than TnI even within a short period after the onset of chest pain. In troponin-negative NSTE-ACS patients, PAPP-A helped make the correct final diagnosis.     

Prognostic significance of elevated troponin I after percutaneous coronary intervention

OBJECTIVES: We sought to assess the incidence and clinical significance of elevated cardiac troponin I (cTnI) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). BACKGROUND: Elevated creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) is prognostically important after PCI, but the prognostic significance of elevated cTnI after PCI is uncertain. METHODS: In a prospective substudy of the Sibrafiban Versus Aspirin to Yield Maximum Protection From Ischemic Heart Events Post-acute Coronary Syndromes (SYMPHONY) trials, which randomized patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) to receive aspirin or sibrafiban, we measured cTnI (positive, > or =1.5 ng/ml) and CK-MB (positive, > or =7 ng/ml) in 481 patients with PCI. Samples were collected immediately before and at 0, 8 and 16 h after PCI and analyzed by a core laboratory. The primary end point was the Kaplan-Meier estimate of death, myocardial infarction or severe, recurrent ischemia at 90 days. RESULTS: Overall, 230 patients (48%) had elevated cTnI after PCI. Such patients underwent PCI sooner and were more likely to have coronary stenting. Elevated cTnI was associated with nonsignificantly higher risks of the primary end point (11.5% vs. 8.7%; p = 0.15) and of death (1.8% vs. 0.4%; p = 0.4) and a significantly higher risk of death or infarction (10.6% vs. 4.2%; p = 0.005). This pattern was more pronounced for patients who became positive only after PCI: primary end point, 20.7% vs. 10.1% for patients who remained negative after PCI (p = 0.05); death, 5.2% vs. 0% (p = 0.02); death or infarction, 18.1% vs. 4.1% (p = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS: Elevated cTnI, often observed after PCI in patients with ACS, is associated with worse 90-day clinical outcomes. This marker, therefore, is a useful prognostic indicator in such patients.     

BNP对于ACS的早期诊断价值及其与心肌坏死标志物的相关性

目的：探讨血清脑利钠肽（BNP）对于急性冠脉综合征（ACs）患者的早期诊断价值以及与心肌坏死标志物的相关性。方法：入选ACS患者63例（ACS组）,健康体检者22例（健康对照组）。ACS组被分为急性心肌梗死（AMI）组（25例）和不稳定型心绞痛（UAP）组（38例）;根据累及冠状动脉病变血管数量将其中45例ACS患者分为单支病变组（10例）、双支病变组（14例）、三支及以上病变组（21例）。检测各组BNP、肌钙蛋白I（cT—nI）、肌酸激酶-同工酶（CK—MB）水平。结果：（1）与健康对照组比较,UAP组和AMI组BNP水平明显升高[（27．68±7．54）pg／ml比（48．59±146．30）pg／ml比（277．99±179．57）pg／ml,P〈0．013;ACS患者多支病变组BNP水平明显高于双支及单支病变组[（308．17±178．94）pg／ml比（187．35±156．27）pg／ml比（68．36±47．76）pg／ml,P〈0．05-〈0．013,双支病变组BNP水平明显高于单支病变组（P〈0．05）;（2）ACS患者胸痛发作6h内,BNP、CK—MB水平明显高于健康对照组（P〈0．01）,而cTnI无显著变化（P〉0．05）;胸痛发作6～24h内,与健康对照组比较,ACS组BNP[（27．68±7．54）pg／ml比（280．45±155．27）pg／ml]、cTnI[（0．05±0．03）ng／ml比（10．45±4．01）ng／ml]、CK—MBE（6．79±1．42）U／L比（64．64±37．05）U／L]水平均明显升高（P〈0．01）;直线相关分析显示BNP与eTnI、CK—MB呈正相关性（r=0．517,P=0．000;r=0．483,P=0．001）。结论：血清脑利钠肽水平与心肌缺血损伤严重程度及冠脉病变支数相关,对于急性冠脉综合征的早期诊断有临床应用价值。     

血肌钙蛋白Ⅰ、C-反应蛋白和D-二聚体水平与急性胸痛患者预后关系的评价

目的：前瞻性研究血清肌钙蛋白Ｉ（ｃＴｎＩ）、Ｃ－反应蛋白（ＣＲＰ）和血浆Ｄ－二聚体水平对急性胸痛患预后的评估作用。方法：９０例急性胸痛患，分别测定ｃＴｎＩ、ＣＲＰ和Ｄ－二聚体水平后，随诊３个月。随诊终点为心脏事件。结果：随诊期间１４例患发生心脏事件，其中８６％患ｃＴｎＩ水平升高，５０％ＣＲＰ升高，７９％Ｄ－二聚体升高，５０％患３项均升高。９０例患中，ｃＴｎＩ升高和正常组心脏事件发生率分别为２５％和５％（Ｐ〈０．０１），ＣＲＰ升高和正常组为３２％和１０％（Ｐ〈０．０１），Ｄ－二聚体升高和正常组为３３％和５％（Ｐ〈０．００１）。结论：急性胸痛患就诊时的ｃＴｎＩ、ＣＲＰ和Ｄ－二聚体水平分别与预后相关。