镜像右位心合并室间隔缺损1例分析

对镜像右位心合并室间隔缺损1例分析如下. 1 病历摘要 男,24岁.因失眠来院就诊,既往幼时易感冒,未上医院就诊过,无其他疾病史,活动后偶感胸闷.查体:神志清楚,呼吸平稳,发育稍差.心尖搏动位于胸骨右缘第五肋间锁骨中线上,心浊音界向右下扩大,胸骨右缘第三、四肋间可闻及Ⅳ级收缩期杂音,杂音向右下传导至心尖部.     

彩超诊断二尖瓣叶囊肿1例

患者女性,9岁.因体检发现心脏杂音前来我院就诊.患者心悸、气短、紫绀.查体:胸廓未见畸形,心前区未见隆起,心尖搏动位于第6肋间左锁骨中线处,胸骨左缘第3肋间可扪及收缩期细震颤,心脏相对浊音界向左下扩大.心率85次/分,律齐,心尖区可闻及3/6级收缩期杂音,胸骨左缘第3肋间可闻及4/6级喷射样的收缩期杂音.     

先天性右位心并完全性心内膜垫缺损及大动脉转位超声表现一例

患儿女,13个月.体检发现心尖搏动在胸骨右缘第4肋间,余未见明显异常.超声检查显示:患儿胸骨左缘未探及心脏声像,于胸骨右缘第3、4肋间探及心脏声像;正常心脏左心室长轴切面难以显示,仅显示心尖四腔心切面.     

直背综合征1例

1病例 患者，女，31岁。因心悸不适3天就诊。体检：体质较瘦，胸廓扁平，胸背部凹陷。心率85次／分，律齐，胸骨左缘第三肋间闻及3级收缩期吹风样杂音，心尖区闻及收缩期杂音。患者活动后出现心悸、气促、乏力，休息后缓解。心电图检查正常。X线检查：正位片示心脏略向左移位，心右缘位于胸椎右缘线，心尖位于左锁骨中线外3cm，心脏轻度左旋，心腰段平直，心胸比例0．48。侧位片示胸椎上段正常后凸曲度消失，呈轻度前凸，胸骨形态正常，心脏紧贴胸骨后缘，胸骨后间隙及心后间隙消失，     

右位心并全部体循环静脉畸形及部分肺静脉畸形引流1例

患儿女，2.5岁。因发现“心脏杂音2年”收入院。查体：一般情况可，口唇轻度发绀，心尖搏动在胸骨右缘第5肋间，心率100次/min，律齐，P2亢进，胸骨右缘第3、4肋间闻及3/6级收缩期喷射性杂音。动脉血氧饱和度（SaO2)78%-83%，心电图：极度顺钟向转位。胸片：双肺纹理多，心尖位于右侧，胃泡位于左侧膈肌下方。超声心动图：心脏位于右侧胸腔，右侧心     

右冠状动脉窦瘤破入右房误诊为室间隔膜部瘤破入右房1例

正患者女,28岁,因"活动后胸闷气喘2个月余"来我院就诊。体格检查:视诊心前区无隆起,心尖搏动位于胸骨左缘第5肋间锁骨中线内侧0.3 cm,心前区无异常搏动;触诊胸骨左缘第三四肋间可触及震颤;叩诊心浊音界向左下增大;听诊胸骨左缘第三四肋间可闻及双期连续性Ⅲ~Ⅳ/6级喷射性杂音。首次超声心动图显示:心脏增大,主动脉瓣下室间隔膜部见瘤体样结构凸     

镜面右位心伴室间隔缺损1例

患者男,15岁,因发现心脏杂音15年入院。查体:心尖搏动在胸骨右缘第五肋间锁骨中线外0.5cm处,叩诊心界向右大,右位心,胸骨右缘第3、4肋间可闻及全收缩期吹风样杂音,向心尖部传导。腹部超声:全内脏反位,肝脏左位,脾脏右位。胸片:心尖向右,     

右冠状动脉右房瘘合并二叶式主动脉瓣超声表现1例

患者女,30岁。以慢性鼻炎、双侧下鼻甲肥大入院,拟手术治疗。平素无明显不适。查体:胸骨右缘2~3肋间闻及双期Ⅲ~Ⅳ级杂音。ECG检查未见明显异常。冠脉CTA:冠状动脉窦部扩张。常规经胸超声心动图检查显示:右心增大,右冠状动脉从主动脉根部起源处明显扩张,约为10 mm,扩张的右冠状动脉向右前行走,经房室沟向后迂回,胸骨旁四腔心切面显示异常扩张的右冠状动脉呈管状进入右心房,瘘口位于右心房顶部(图1),CDFI:瘘口处呈     

纠正型大动脉错位伴右位心、室间隔缺损、房间隔缺损、肺动脉瓣狭窄、预激综合征1例

女，29岁。发作性心悸、胸闷9a，加重1个月入院。查体：BP95／70mmHg（1mmHg=0．133kPa），心尖搏动位于右锁骨中线外侧1cm，胸骨右缘2～4肋间可闻及4级收缩期杂音。心脏核磁显示：心脏位于右侧胸腔，肝脏位于左侧腹腔，脾脏和胃位于右侧腹腔，下腔静脉接受肝静脉汇入后行走于脊柱左前方，流入左侧心房，左侧心房和左侧心室以尖瓣相连，左侧心室内可见正常乳头肌，内膜光滑，流出道形态和正常人主动脉形态类似，远端分叉成左右肺动脉形态，肺动脉瓣发育异常，右侧心房、心室以三尖瓣相连，右侧心室可见大量梳状肌，流出道形成主动脉弓相应的分支结构，右侧心房可见四支肺静脉汇入，室间隔膜部可见缺损，房间隔可见缺损。心电图诊断：预激综合征，诊断：纠正型大动脉错位、右位心、房缺、室缺、肺动脉瓣狭窄、预激综合征。     

静脉平滑肌瘤病长入右心腔1例

患者女 ,38岁。右下肢浮肿 2个月 ,心悸、气短 2年并逐渐加重 ,来我院就诊。体检胸骨左缘第 2～ 3肋间可闻及 2～ 3/6收缩期杂音 ,肺动脉瓣第二音亢进 ,余无阳性发现。患者 2年前外院因“子宫肌瘤”行全子宫 +右侧附件切除术 ,病理诊断为子宫血管平滑肌瘤。超声心动图示右心房、下腔静脉肿瘤 ;右心房扩大 ;下腔静脉扩张。腹部增强CT示右侧附件区不规则软组织肿块 ,与右侧髂静脉相连 ,右髂静脉、下腔静脉增粗 ,右髂静脉、下腔静脉和右心房充满软组织肿块 ,肿块边缘光滑 ,大部分与静脉壁不能区分 ,静脉边缘可见间断性“环形”、“新月形”造…     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.