国产微型角膜刀在板层角膜移植术中的应用

板层角膜移植是治疗角膜疾病的一个重要手段。近年来 ,随着穿透性角膜移植成功率的提高 ,传统的板层角膜移植在临床上的使用有所减少 ,但是板层角膜移植有其自身的优点 ,在国内板层角膜移植仍占角膜移植的 1/ 3左右 [1 ,2 ] 。我们应用国产微型角膜刀进行了 6只兔眼和 2只人眼的板层角膜移植 ,植床植片创面光滑平整 ,使界面瘢痕减少到最低限度 ,且无需缝合 ,减少了术后散光 ,手术时间更是明显缩短。现将初步应用结果报道如下。1　对象与方法1.1　对象　实验动物及检查 :3只健康成年白兔均由上海医科大学实验动物部提供。以角膜地形图仪检查…     

角膜颗粒状营养不良是否适合做准分子激光角膜切削术

随着准分子激光技术的飞速发展,角膜屈光手术方式的不断衍变,拓宽了手术的适应证.而对于伴有屈光不正的角膜营养不良者,临床上采用准分子激光角膜表面切削术(PRK)或采用乙醇法准分子激光上皮瓣下角膜磨镶术(LASEK)或激光治疗性角膜切削术(PTK)以及准分子激光角膜原位磨镶术(LASIK)进行治疗近期取得较好的效果,但术后...     

穿透角膜移植术治疗角膜营养不良

目的 探讨穿透角膜移植术治疗角膜营养不良的疗效。方法 对穿透角膜移植术治疗角膜营养不良30例进行回顾性研究，分析其临床特点及手术效果。结果 术后视力比术前明显提高，未发现术后排斥反应，3例患者发生了原发角膜病变复发。结论 穿透角膜移植术是治疗角膜营养不良的有效方法。     

国产微型角膜刀辅助光学板层角膜移植术的初步临床报告

目的　评价国产微型角膜刀辅助光学板层角膜移植术治疗角膜病变的可行性、安全性及其增视效果。方法　选择角膜基质混浊严重影响视力和角膜内皮功能患者 11例 ( 12只眼 ) ,采用光学角膜测厚仪检测角膜混浊厚度 ;采用国产微型角膜刀切除病变角膜 ,制备角膜移植床 ;于供体角膜切取相应厚度和直径的角膜片 ,测量角膜移植床厚度 ,以 4或 8针间断缝合角膜移植床。术后随访7～ 14个月 ,裂隙灯显微镜及角膜地形图仪检查角膜层间、角膜透明度及角膜屈光改变等情况。结果　除 1只眼因术后角膜上皮植入致部分角膜移植片溶解外 ,余角膜移植片均透明愈合 ,无层间混浊。所有患者视力均有不同程度提高 ,其中 7只眼 ( 7/ 12 )最佳矫正视力≥ 0 .5 ,2只眼 ( 2 / 12 )视力达到 0 .8;术后 3～ 6个月时 ,角膜屈光度数较术前增加 ( 2 .36± 1.2 5 )D(P =0 .0 16 ) ,角膜散光度数较术前降低( 0 97± 0 .95 )D(P =0 .0 2 3) ;术后 3～ 6个月时 ,角膜屈光度数增加与角膜植床厚度呈显著负相关(r=- 0 .830 ,P =0 .0 0 4)。结论　国产微型角膜刀辅助光学板层角膜移植术操作简单、安全性好 ,增视效果明显 ,可部分替代穿透性角膜移植术。该手术可增加角膜屈光度数 ,并与角膜移植床厚度呈显著的负相关关系。     

颗粒状角膜营养不良1例

1临床资料患者,男,34岁,于2006年5月以“角膜异物”来我院就诊。裂隙灯检查:双眼角膜上皮层完整透明,实质层中央部可见灰白色点、片状等不同形状的混浊,大小、数目不一;混浊图1双眼角膜病变。A:左眼;B:右眼间角膜透明,kp(-),房水闪辉(-),荧光素染色(-);双瞳孔正常,对光反应良好,角膜周边2～3mm透明,双眼角膜呈对称性病变(图1)。患者平时无眼部不适,视力右眼1.0,左眼1.0。诊断为颗粒状角膜营养不良,未做特殊治疗。2讨论颗粒状角膜营养不良又称为granular corneal dystrophygroenouwtype1(CDGG1),groenouw于1890年首次提出此病,为常染色体…     

穿透性角膜移植术治疗基质层角膜营养不良

目的:探讨穿透性角膜移植术治疗基质层角膜营养不良的疗效。方法:对基质层角膜营养不良15例17眼施行穿透性角膜移植术,观察其临床特点及手术效果。随访6～36(平均18)mo。结果:术后视力比术前明显提高,最佳矫正视力>0.1者16眼(脱盲率94%),其中>0.3者9眼(脱残率52%)。2眼发生排斥反应,未发现原发角膜病变复发。结论:穿透性角膜移植术是治疗基质层角膜营养不良的有效方法。     

穿透性角膜移植术治疗角膜营养不良

目的观察角膜营养不良患者行穿透性角膜移植的临床效果。方法对10例(11眼)角膜营养不良患者行穿透性角膜移植术进行治疗。结果随访时间12-36月,11眼中有10眼角膜植片透明(91％),矫正视力≥0．5者10眼。结论穿透性角膜移植是治疗角膜营养不良的有效手术方法。     

深板层角膜移植治疗格子样角膜营养不良的疗效观察

目的 探讨深板层角膜移植治疗格子样角膜营养不良的临床效果.方法 对24例(32眼)视力明显受损的格子样角膜营养不良患者行深板层角膜移植术,术后随访6～ 36个月,观察视力和并发症.结果 术后最佳矫正视力0.3～0.6者12眼,0.7～0.9者16眼,1.0～1.2者4眼.并发症包括术中后弹力层穿孔4眼;术后一过性眼压升高2眼,后弹力层皱褶5眼.无发生排斥反应者.结论 深板层角膜移植术治疗格子样角膜营养不良安全有效.     

角膜移植治疗角膜基质营养不良33例临床分析

本文总结了３３例４４眼角膜基质营养不良角膜移植,追踪３月～１０年。结果：４４眼中,除斑块状营养不良施行板层角膜移植４眼术后视力无改善外,其余视力均提高０．１以上,有效率为９１％;追踪２～１０年,植片透明率９３．６％;４眼于术后发生排斥反应,发生率９．１％;４眼原病复发,复发率９．１％。结论：角膜基质营养不良是角膜移植的最好适应症,并发症少,选择适当的手术方式是手术成功的关键。     

自动板层角膜刀行板层角膜移植的超微结构观察

目的：研究自动板层角膜刀行同种异体板层角膜移植后角膜超微结构变化情况。方法：将34只大耳白兔随机分为三组进行实验。A组用自动板层角膜刀,B组用手工角膜刀,C组为正常对照组。结果：自动板层角膜刀行板层角膜移植术后,角膜修复过程较手工角膜刀缩短,角膜透明也得到了提高。结论：自动板层角膜刀可应用于板层角膜移植。     

Automated lamellar keratoplasty for recurrent granular corneal dystrophy after phototherapeutic keratectomy

PURPOSE: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of automated lamellar keratoplasty for the treatment of recurrent granular corneal dystrophy after phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK). METHODS: We performed a prospective interventional noncomparative case study of nine eyes (seven patients) with severe recurrent granular corneal dystrophy after PTK. An automated microkeratome was used to cut partial-thickness sections through the anterior surface of the donor and host corneas. The donor disc was placed on the recipient bed with four or eight interrupted sutures. The sutures were removed between 4 and 6 weeks postoperatively. Visual acuity, corneal clarity, corneal thickness, and corneal topography were assessed before and at different time points after surgery. RESULTS: During a mean follow-up period of 18.9 +/- 4.1 months, all grafts were transparent without visible opacity at the interface, and no serious complications occurred. In all cases, the visual acuity improved: seven eyes had best spectacle-corrected visual acuity of > or = 20/40; two eyes reached 20/25. At last follow-up > 12 months postoperatively, the mean corneal refractive power had significantly increased by 2.34 +/- 0.93 diopters (D) (P<.001), and the corneal astigmatism significantly decreased by 0.91 +/- 0.98 D (P<.05). The mean corneal thickness was 477.4 +/- 26.9 microm preoperatively and 507.8 +/- 23.4 microm at last follow-up (P<.001). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that automated lamellar keratoplasty for the treatment of recurrent granular corneal dystrophy is a safe and effective method of improving visual acuity, but recurrence remains a risk.     

角膜深板层内皮移植术的临床初步研究

目的　探讨用微型角膜刀行角膜深板层内皮移植术的适应证、手术原则、临床疗效及并发症的预防及处理。方法　用微型角膜刀对 6例患者 6只患有大疱性角膜病变眼行深板层角膜内皮移植术。其中 1例为前段玻璃体切除加后房型人工晶状体缝线固定术联合角膜深板层内皮移植术 ,1例为临时人工角膜下玻璃体切除加球内异物取出术联合角膜深板层内皮移植术。术后随访 6～ 9个月。结果　 5例患者视力明显提高 ,患者术后平均角膜内皮细胞密度为 (2 4 81± 2 12 )个 /mm2 ,角膜中央厚度平均为 (5 4 9± 6 1) μm ,散光为 (2 0 4± 1 19)D ,未发生严重并发症。 结论　用微型角膜刀行角膜深板层内皮移植术是治疗大疱性角膜病变的可选术式。与传统的穿透性角膜移植相比 ,该术式有望成为角膜内皮移植的技术平台 ,但远期疗效尚需继续随访。     

Excirner phototherapeutic keratectomy for recurrent granular dystrophy

Purpose: Corneal grafting is a standard treatment for visually disabling granular dystrophy. The visual results of this procedure are generally good, but can be marred by recurrences of granular deposits some years later. We report the results of phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK) for recurrent granular dystrophy in three eyes from two patients and discuss the possibilities of treating de novo granular dystrophy with excimer laser.
Methods: The records of two patients (three eyes) treated with excimer PTK for recurrent granular deposits on the donor cornea were reviewed.
Results: In all cases visual acuity was improved and repeat corneal grafting avoided. No significant complications occurred although one eye had further recurrence of granular deposits which was also successfully retreated with excimer PTK. Follow-up on these cases varies between five months and three years.
Conclusions: We believe that excimer PTK offers a simple, safe and repeatable way of restoring visual acuity to most cases of recurrent granular dystrophy. Visual recovery is fast and all the incumbent problems of repeat grafting are avoided.     

深板层角膜移植术与穿透性角膜移植术治疗真菌性角膜溃疡的效果比较

目的 比较深板层角膜移植术(DLKP)和穿透性角膜移植术(PKP)两种术式治疗真菌性角膜溃疡的效果.方法 回顾性系列病例研究.2004至2006年在宁波鄞州人民医院眼科中心临床诊断明确的真菌性角膜溃疡患者17例(17眼),其中8例行DLKP,平均年龄38.6岁,9例行PKP,平均年龄51.0岁.术后随访时间12～24个月,记录两组患者的最佳矫正视力、角膜屈光状态、角膜内皮计数及并发症.计数资料采用x2检验,计量资料采用独立样本t检验进行分析.结果 两组患者术后的视力均较术前提高,最好的最佳矫正视力达1.0,两组差异无统计学意义.DLKP组术后散光小于PKP组,差异有统计学意义(x2=12.07,P<0.05),两组散光度均低于5.00 D.术后6个月、12个月角膜内皮细胞计数DLKP组较PKP组高,差异有统计学意义(t=3.899、7.618,P<0.05).深板层角膜移植患者排斥反应的发生率较穿透性角膜移植患者低(x2=132.26,P<0.01).结论 真菌性角膜溃疡患者DLKP术后最佳矫正视力略优于PKP,角膜散光度比PKP低,并发症也较少.DLKP能减少排斥反应的发生,降低手术的失败率,是治疗真菌性角膜溃疡的一种安全有效的方法.     

飞秒激光辅助的全板层角膜移植术治疗周边角膜病变

目的:探讨飞秒激光板层切削联合全板层角膜移植术治疗周边角膜病变的手术方法及治疗效果。方法:回顾性队列研究。收集2014年3月至2017年3月在青岛眼科医院因周边角膜病变行飞秒激光板层切削联合带角膜缘的全板层角膜移植术的6例（6只眼）患者作为飞秒组,其中男性4例,女性2例;年龄（46.7±17.9）岁;另收集同时期行传统...     

后部多形性角膜营养不良的临床观察

目的 探讨后部多形性角膜营养不良的临床特点及其在共焦显微镜下的改变.方法 回顾性系列病例研究.对2007年3月至2009年8月河南省眼科研究所视光门诊就诊的10例后部多形性角膜营养不良患者行详细的裂隙灯显微镜检查及眼前节照相,并行共焦显微镜、角膜内皮镜及OrbscanⅡ等检查,分析其特点.采用Mann-Whitney U检验进行统计学分析.结果 10例患者年龄范围8～35岁,其中囊泡状后部多形性角膜营养不良4例(7只眼),带状后部多形性角膜营养不良5例(5只眼),弥漫性后部多形性角膜营养不良1例(2只眼),共计10例(14只眼).1例囊泡状病变者双眼合并高眼压症状,2例带状病变者(2只眼)伴有角膜地形图异常,表现为角膜后表面前突;1例弥漫性病变者双眼有虹膜周边前粘连,角膜基质水肿.角膜内皮镜检查显示病变角膜内皮细胞增大,平均大小为584μm2,而无病变眼为316 μm2,差异有统计学意义(U=0.000,P=0.002);内皮细胞数量减少,病变眼平均内皮细胞密度为1746个/mm2,无病变眼为3201个/mm2,差异有统计学意义(U=0.000,P=0.002).共焦显微镜检查可见角膜内皮细胞呈多形性改变;部分出现细胞核,部分皱缩呈橘皮样或指纹样外观,甚至内皮细胞缺失;囊泡状病变表现为圆形或椭圆形弹坑样或火山口样病灶;带状病变的病灶为宽带状,边缘呈堤状外观,病变区内皮细胞消失,可有纤维样组织增生,幅状粘连;弥漫性病变表现为内皮细胞大面积缺失,表面粗糙,呈沟壑状.结论 后部多形性角膜营养不良经裂隙灯显微镜检查可明确诊断,共焦显微镜检查可辅助确诊,部分患者早期可有角膜地形图异常或伴有高眼压症状.

Abstract：

Objective To resarch the clinical features and in vivo confocal microscopic findings of posterior polymorphous corneal dystrophy (PPCD). Methods It was a retrospective consecutive case study.Ten patients with PPCD, attended at Optometry Department of Henan Eye Institute from March 2007 to August 2009, were analyzed. All the subjects were examined by slit-lamp, Orbscan Ⅱ , specular microscopy,HRT3/RCM confocal microscopy. Mann-Whitney U test was used to analysis the data. Results The age of the patients ranged from 8 to 35 years. Seven eyes of the 4 patients have the vesicular lesions, five eves of the 5 patients were band lesions and 1 patient had bilateral diffused opacities, this patient also had iridocorneal adhesions with associated papillary ectropion but without glaucoma. In total, 14 eyes of the 10 patients had PPCD. Two eyes had abnormal Orbscan Ⅱ topography, it showed both anterior and posterior surface protrusion. Specular microscopy exam indicated large cells in size and reduced endothelium density.The mean size of the affected eye was 584 μm2 ,the normal eye was 316 μm2. The difference was statistically significant( U =0.000,P =0.002). The density of the endothelium was 1746 cells/mm2 in affected eye and 3201 cells/mm2 in normal eye. The difference was also statistically significant( U =0.000,P =0.002). In vivo confocal microscopy showed endothelial polymorphism. Occasional bright endothelial nuclei were seen. A variety of curvilinear and vesicular abnormalities were imaged including orange or finger like lesion, round or oval dark area with hyper reflectivity border. Some large lesions may lose endothelium with rough surface have a dike appearance. Conclusions Careful exam by slit-lamp may help to diagnose PPCD and further specular microscopy and (or) in vivo confocal microscopy exam will confirm it. Some cases may have abnormal topography, or associated with high intraocular pressure.     

深板层角膜移植术与穿透性角膜移植术治疗真菌性角膜溃疡的视功能疗效观察

目的 探讨深板层角膜移植术(DLK)和穿透性角膜移植术(PK)两种术式治疗角膜溃疡患者的视功能疗效.方法 回顾性病例研究.选择2004至2009年宁波鄞州人民医院眼科中心诊断明确的真菌性角膜溃疡患者64例(64只眼),分别行深板层角膜移植术(36例,36只眼)和穿透性角膜移植术(28例,28只眼),术后随访时间12-24个月.术前检查两组患者视力并验光,术后分析最佳矫正视力、角膜屈光状态、角膜内皮计数及并发症,采用四格表的x2检验及两样本均数t检验.结果 两组患者术后的视力均较术前提高,最佳矫正视力达1.0,DLK组32只眼术后视力在0.4以上,PK组19只眼术后视力在0.4以上,DLK组略高于PK组(x2=4.304,P＜0.05＝.DLK组术后散光小于PK组,差异有统计学意义(x2=4.98,P＜0.05＝,两组平均散光均低于5.00 D.DLK组排斥反应的发生较PK组低(x2=34.17,P＜0.05＝.结论 深板层角膜移植术比穿透性角膜移植术治疗真菌性角膜溃疡的并发症少,能减少内皮型排斥反应的发生,且术后最佳矫正视力、角膜散光略优于穿透性角膜移植术.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the visual functional therapeutic effects of deep lamellar keratoplasty( DLK) and penetrating keratoplasty( PK) on perforated fungal keratitis. Methods 64 patients (64 eyes) of fungal corneal uncler in Ophthalmology Center of Ningbo Yinzhou People Hospital from 2004 to 2009 were retrospected, of which undergo DLK (36 patients, 36 eyes) and PK (28 patients, 28 eyes) , and followed up by 12 to 24 months. Check two sets of patients' VA and refraction before operation, and analyze the best-corrected visual acuity ( BCVA), corneal refraction changes, corneal endothelium counting and complications, using x2 test and t-test Results The BCVA after the operation of two sets are both improved, 32 eyes of DLK set were above 0.4, 19 eyes of PK set were above 0.4, of which the DKL set is a bit better than PK set (x2 = 4. 304 ,P ＞0.05). The astigmatism of DLK set is smaller than the PK set after operation, and there is significant difference(x2 = 4. 98,P ＜ 0. 05 ) . The astigmatism of two sets on the average were all no more than 5. 00 D. The reject reaction of keratoplasty of DLK is less than PK, there is obviously significant difference (x2 = 34. 17, P < 0. 05). Conclusions There is less complications of DLK than PK for fungal corneal uncler. DLK can reduce the occurrence of reject reaction of endothelium type, and the BCVA, refraction of DLK after operation is similar to PK, the incidence rate of surgical operation failure is low.     

中国人Meesmann角膜营养不良家族KRT12基因突变检测分析

目的探讨中国Meesmann角膜营养不良家系的致病相关基因。方法对一具有3代患者的角膜营养不良家系进行详细的临床遗传学诊断,确定遗传方式与遗传特点,然后对该家系成员包括患者和正常人,进行详细的眼科检查,获得血液标本,提取基因组DNA。对已知基因KRT12、KRT3周围标记物D17S800、D17S930、D12S390、D12S96分别进行基因扫描,然后进行连锁分析,计算最大对数优势记分值。对连锁区域内已知基因所有外显子聚合酶链反应（PCR）扩增产物进行直接测序。结果该家系角膜营养不良的遗传方式为常染色体显性遗传,临床诊断为Meesmann角膜营养不良,连锁的染色体微卫星标记物为D17S800和D17S930,分值为2．41（θ=0．00）,与KRT12基因连锁。对全部8个外显子测序后发现该基因第一外显子（exon 1）第419碱基突变（T419A）,其编码的亮氨酸突变为组氨酸（L132H）。结论KRT12基因突变（T419A,L132H）可能是该中国人家系Meesmann角膜营养不良家族发病的分子基础。