降低AFP诊断阈值并联合检测DCP显著提高肝细胞癌的诊断率

目的评价甲胎蛋白(AFP)和脱-γ-羧基凝血酶原(DCP)联合检测对肝细胞癌(HCC)的诊断效能。方法选取临床诊断为HCC的患者75例和非HCC患者53例为研究对象,同时检测血清AFP和DCP浓度,分别绘制AFP、DCP和二者联合检测时的ROC曲线,计算最佳诊断阈值并评价其诊断效能。结果 AFP及DCP诊断HCC的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.789和0.882;当AFP诊断阈值降为22.6 ng/mL时,诊断效能最佳(灵敏度为66.7%、特异性为88.7%);DCP诊断HCC的最适阈值为39.0 mAU/mL,灵敏度为72.0%、特异性为94.3%;二者联合检测诊断HCC的灵敏度为77.3%、特异性为90.6%。结论 DCP对于HCC的鉴别诊断具有重要价值,降低AFP诊断阈值并联合DCP检测可显著提高对HCC的诊断率。     

Usefulness of serum des-γ-carboxy prothrombin in detection of hepatocellular carcinoma

AIM: To evaluate whether DCP is better than AFP for differentiating HCC from nonmalignant liver disease and further evaluate the usefulness of DCP in early diagnosis of small HCC. METHODS: Serum DCP and AFP levels were determined in 127 patients. Among these patients, 32 were with non-cirrhotic chronic hepatitis, 34 were with compensated cirrhosis, and 61 were with HCC. The cut-off value for the DCP and AFP were set as 40 mAU/mL and 20 ng/mL, respectively. To compare the diagnostic value of DCP and AFP in distinguishing HCC from nonmalignant chronic liver disease, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed for each assay. RESULTS: The accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of DCP were higher than AFP in detecting HCC (81.9%, 77%, and 86.4% re 68.5%, 59%, and 77.3%, respectively). The area under the ROC (AUROC) curves revealed that DCP had a better accuracy than AFP in diagnosis of HCC (0.85 [95%CI, 0.78-0.91] vs 0.73 [95%CI, 0.65-0.81], P= 0.013). In 39 patients with solitary HCC, the positive rates of DCP were 100% in patients with tumor size larger than 3 cm, 66.7% in patients with tumor size 2-3 cm and 50% in patients with tumor size less than 2 cm. The positive rates of AFP in patients with tumor size larger than 3 cm, 2-3 cm and less than 2 cm were 55.6%, 50%, and 33.3%, respectively. The median level of DCP in HCC patients with tumor size larger than 3 cm was significantly higher than those with tumor size 2-3 cm and those with the size of less than 2 cm. CONCLUSION: Our study indicates that DCP has a better diagnostic value than AFP in differentiating HCC from nonmalignant chronic liver disease. DCP has not only a stronger correlation with HCC than AFP in tumor size but also more effectiveness than AFP in detecting small size of HCC.     

肝癌患者微创治疗前后血清AFP、SF、DCP水平变化与预后的相关性

目的探讨肝细胞癌(HCC)患者微创治疗前、后甲胎蛋白(AFP)、血清铁蛋白(SF)和γ-羧基凝血酶原(DCP)的变化及其与预后的关系。方法本研究共收录了43例HCC患者,其中包括射频消融(RFA)治疗的患者24例,肝动脉化疗栓塞治疗(TACE)的患者19例,分别于术前2 d及术后7 d测定血清AFP、SF和DCP的值,用酶联免疫法检测DCP的值,用化学发光微粒子免疫法检测SF、AFP的值。将患者治疗前血清AFP、SF和DCP的值作为基线,以变化50%作为分组标准,分为术后AFP、SF和DCP的值下降超过50%组(A1、B1和C1组),术后AFP、SF和DCP的值升高及降低变化在50%范围以内组(A2、B2和C2组),分别比较A1和A2、B1和B2、C1和C2之间的总生存时间(OS)。结果 43例患者中,有22例术后血清AFP值下降超过50%,25例术后血清SF值下降超过50%,25例术后血清DCP值下降超过50%。平均随访(20.26±6.50)个月,A1组OS明显长于A2组(P<0.05);C1组明显长于C2组(P<0.05);B1组和B2组的OS无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论 HCC患者微创治疗前后血清AFP和DCP水平的变化对判断HCC的治疗效果及预后具有临床参考价值。作为影响HCC患者术后的因素仍有待进一步研究。     

经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞术治疗肝细胞癌疗效及复发预测

目的 探讨肝细胞癌(HCC)患者经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞术(TACE)前、术后脱γ-羧基凝血酶原(DCP)、甲胎蛋白异质体(AFP-L3)、甲胎蛋白(AFP)的变化及其与预后关系.方法 纳入96例接受TACE作为初始治疗的HCC患者,分别于术前,术后4～5周及术后6～12个月检测血清DCP、AFP-L3、AFP等水平.根据...     

GALAD模型在诊断HBV相关肝细胞癌中的价值探讨

目的探讨GALAD模型在HBV相关肝细胞癌中的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析204例HBV感染住院患者,根据诊断分为HCC组及对照组,比较AFP、AFP-L3%、异常凝血酶原(DCP)、三项联合及GALAD模型诊断HCC的受试者工作曲线(ROC)下面积(AUC)、敏感性、特异性差异。结果HCC组中AFP、AFP-L3%、DCP及GALAD模型Z值水平均高于对照组,AFP、AFP-L3%、DCP单项、三者联合及GALAD模型诊断的AUC分别为0.760、0.742、0.865、0.887,0.937,GALAD模型AUC与三项标志物及其联合的AUC两两比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。GALAD模型诊断的敏感性为83.82%,高于AFP、AFP-L3、DCP单项,与三项并联相当,特异性为86.03%。结论GALAD模型在HBV相关HCC诊断中显示了良好的效能,优于AFP、AFP-L3%、DCP及三项联合诊断,具有一定临床参考价值。     

肝细胞癌患者经肝动脉化疗栓塞术后AFP、脱-γ-羧基凝血酶原水平的变化及其对治疗效果的预测价值

目的探讨AFP联合脱-γ-羧基凝血酶原(DCP)在预测经肝动脉化疗栓塞术(TACE)疗效中的价值。方法回顾性分析2016年10月-2018年3月在苏州大学附属第一医院经接受TACE治疗的85例肝细胞癌(HCC)患者的临床资料。分析TACE术前、连续2次TACE术后患者血清AFP、DCP的水平变化,以mRECIST标准评价TACE治疗效果,将AFP、DCP水平变化情况与同期影像学(mRECIST标准)进行对照分析。计量资料经正态性检验,符合正态分布的2组间比较采用两独立样本t检验;不符合正态分布的数据2组间比较采用Mann-Whitney U检验。计数资料2组间比较采用χ2检验;等级计数资料2组间比较采用Mann-Whitney U检验。采用Spearman相关性分析探索mRECIST分级与AFP、DCP水平变化之间的相关性。采用受试者工作特征曲线分析各指标诊断缓解组的价值。结果依据mRECIST标准,缓解组38例,未缓解组31例。缓解组治疗后AFP和DCP均明显低于未缓解组(Z值分别为-3. 366、-4. 065,P值均0. 05)。缓解组△AFP、△DCP、△AFP%及△DCP%与未缓解组比较,差异均有统计学意义(Z值分别为-4. 837、-5. 597、-4. 210、-5. 851,P值均0. 001)。mRECIST分期与△AFP、△DCP均呈明显的负相关(rs分别为-0. 552、-0. 593,P值均0. 001)。△AFP%用于诊断缓解组的受试者工作特征曲线下面积为0. 796,△DCP%为0. 912,△AFP%+△DCP%联合为0. 921,△AFP%+△DCP%的诊断价值最大。结论联合分析TACE前后血清AFP和DCP水平变化可评估肝细胞癌TACE的治疗效果。     

基于5-hmC的液体活检在早期肝细胞癌诊断中的应用价值

正原发性肝癌是我国最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,居癌症相关死亡原因的第二位,近年来发病率持续增长,严重威胁我国人民的生命健康~([1])。肝细胞癌(HCC)是原发性肝癌的主要病理类型,占原发性肝癌的85%～90%~([1])。HCC的早期发现、诊断及治疗是改善患者生存预后的关键。我国85%以上的HCC与慢性HBV感染有关,因此在慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)、肝硬化(LC)患者中进行HCC筛查和监测是实现HCC早诊断的最有效途径~([1-2])。目前临床上用于HCC检测和诊断的血液学指标主要有血清甲胎蛋白(AFP)、甲胎蛋白异质体(AFP-L3)、异常凝血酶原(DCP)等,其中AFP为肝癌诊断和疗效监测中最常用且重要的     

Clinical relevance of increased serum preneoplastic antigen in hepatitis C-related hepatocellular carcinoma

BACKGROUND The prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) patients remains poor despite advances in treatment modalities and diagnosis. It is important to identify useful markers for the early detection of HCC in patients. Preneoplastic antigen(PNA),originally reported in a rat carcinogenesis model, is increased in the tissues and serum of HCC patients.AIM To determine the diagnostic value of PNA for discriminating HCC and to characterize PNA-positive HCC.METHODS Patients with hepatitis C virus(HCV)-related hepatic disorders were prospectively enrolled in this study, which included patients with hepatitis, with cirrhosis, and with HCC. A novel enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was developed to measure serum PNA concentrations in patients.RESULTS Serum PNA concentrations were measured in 89 controls and 141 patients with HCV infections(50 hepatitis, 44 cirrhosis, and 47 HCC). Compared with control and non-HCC patients, PNA was increased in HCC. On receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the sensitivity of PNA was similar to the HCC markers des-γ-carboxy-prothrombin(DCP) and α-fetoprotein(AFP), but the specificity of PNA was lower. There was no correlation between PNA and AFP and a significant but weak correlation between PNA and DCP in HCC patients.Importantly, the correlations with biochemical markers were completely different for PNA, AFP, and DCP; glutamyl transpeptidase was highly correlated with PNA, but not with AFP or DCP, and was significantly higher in PNA-high patients than in PNA-low patients with HCV-related HCC.CONCLUSION PNA may have the potential to diagnose a novel type of HCC in which glutamyl transpeptidase is positively expressed but AFP or DCP is weakly or negatively expressed.     

脱γ-羧基(异常)凝血酶原与肝细胞癌

脱γ-羧基(异常)凝血酶原(DCP)是一新发现的肝细胞癌(HCC)标志物。1984年Liebman等报告约90％HCC患者血浆中含有DCP。此     

血清异常凝血酶原在肝细胞癌诊疗中的意义

目的研究血清异常凝血酶原(DCP)在肝细胞癌(HCC)患者中的表达水平及其与肿瘤性状、病理及临床特征之间的关系。方法选择2016年1月-2018年3月在首都医科大学附属北京佑安医院住院治疗并经外科手术切除组织病理确诊的肝细胞癌患者80例,检测患者术前血清DCP及AFP水平并进行相关性分析,分析患者的临床信息、影像学、病理学结果与DCP水平的关系。计量资料两组间比较采用Mann-Whitney U检验,多组间比较采用Kruskal-Wallis H检验,进一步两两比较采用Mann-Whitney U检验,两组样本的相关性检验采用Spearman相关分析。结果 HCC患者血清AFP与DCP水平无明显相关性(r=0. 141,P0. 05); HCC患者血清DCP水平与肿瘤直径之间显著相关(r=0. 563,P 0. 01);肝内多发肿瘤、合并远处转移、存在肉眼或微观血管侵犯的HCC患者血清DCP水平分别高于肝内单发肿瘤(Z=-5. 484,P 0. 001)、无远处转移(Z=-4. 569,P 0. 001)、无肉眼血管侵犯(Z=-3. 713,P 0. 001)或微观血管侵犯(Z=-3. 244,P=0. 001)患者;按国内分期标准,Ⅰ期HCC患者血清DCP浓度明显低于Ⅱ期及Ⅲ期患者(P值分别为0. 005、0. 001),而Ⅱ期与Ⅲ期患者间血清DCP水平差异无统计学意义(P=0. 477)。病理Edmondson-Steiner(ES)Ⅱ级及Ⅲ级患者血清DCP水平均低于ESⅣ级患者(P值分别为0. 001、0. 002),而Ⅱ级与Ⅲ级患者间血清DCP水平差异无统计学意义(P=0. 133)。结论 HCC患者血清DCP水平与肿瘤数量、大小、临床分期、远处转移、血管侵犯、病理分级相关。     

Des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin is a promising biomarker of hepatocellular carcinoma and a predictor of complications in patients with chronic liver diseases

<正>To the Editor: Although des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin(DCP) is considered a complementary biomarker to alpha-fetoprotein(AFP) in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC), its cut-off value has not been recommended in any guideline. This study aimed to explore the diagnostic efficacy of DCP on HCC.     

血浆异常凝血酶原对原发性肝癌诊断的再评价

应用RIA法测定血浆异常凝血酶原(DCP)531例,其中肝癌(HCC)285例、肝硬化88例、慢迁肝20例、健康成人138例。结果,(1)从累计分布可见91.4％的非癌者DCP含量在200ng/ml以下,61.75％HCC在比值以上。HCC的DCP水平显著高于其它各组(P均<0.01),(2)DCP≥200ng/ml的诊断数,敏感性、特异性、假阳性率,阳性结果价值分别为0.5389±0.0366,62.11％,91.87％、81.3％、89.85％。说明DCP≥200ng/ml是一可靠而有诊断意义的界值;(3)HCC≤5cm的DCP阳性率为57.14％,≥10cm为84％,DCP含量与瘤体大小,病变进展有一致关系;(4)DCP与AFP互相补充可使总阳性率提高达80.35％。     

应用异常凝血酶原在乙型肝炎病毒感染者中筛查HCC研究进展

我国是乙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis B virus,HBV)感染高发地区,由HBV感染引起的肝癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)占HCC患者的80%,我国的HCC患者占世界HCC患者的53.5%.与HCC危害相反,我国HCC确诊后80%为中晚期HCC,失去最佳治疗机会.在HBV感染者中早期筛查HCC患者是肝病学界一直在探索的问题.既往用于筛查HCC的指标甲胎蛋白(a-fetoprotein,AFP)敏感性较低,几乎有1/3的HCC检测阴性.寻找敏感性高、特异性高的HCC早期筛查项目成为肝病学界研究的热点.异常凝血酶原也称为维生素K缺乏诱导的蛋白质(protein induced by vitamin K absence,PIVKA-Ⅱ)由HCC细胞分泌,HCC患者血中PIVKA-Ⅱ水平升高是HCC细胞的特性,检测血中PIVKA成为筛查HCC较理想的指标.本文通过综述国内外文献,得出以下结论 :(1)PIVKA-Ⅱ是HCC的产物;(2)PIVKA-Ⅱ与HCC病情关系密切,应用PIVKA-Ⅱ在HBV感染者中诊断HCC和判断预后是可行的;(3)将应用PIVKA-Ⅱ筛查HCC的标准定为40 mAU/mL,有利于提高敏感性和特异性;(4)PIVKA-Ⅱ联合AFP筛查HCC,有利于提高诊断的敏感性和特异性,在AFP阴性HCC患者的PIVKA-Ⅱ和AFP联合检测意义更大;(5)PIVKA-Ⅱ在国内外众多指南中被指定为HCC筛查指标.     

基于PIVKA-Ⅱ、AFP和AFP-L3不同组合模式的肝细胞癌筛查策略探讨

目的探讨血清PIVKA-Ⅱ、AFP和AFP异质体(AFP-L3)的优化组合对肝细胞癌(HCC)筛查诊断的敏感度和特异度。方法收集2017年1月-2018年7月东部战区总医院全军肝病中心118例HCC患者和76例肝炎肝硬化住院患者的血清,分别检测PIVKA-Ⅱ、AFP和AFP-L3水平。比较各指标及其不同组合对HCC筛查的敏感度和特异度。偏态分布的计量资料2组间比较采用Mann-Whitney U检验;计数资料2组间比较采用χ2检验。分析PIVKA-Ⅱ、AFP及AFP-L3筛查HCC的效能,计算敏感度及特异度,并绘制受试者工作特征曲线(ROC曲线)。结果 HCC组PIVKA-Ⅱ、AFP水平均显著高于肝炎肝硬化组(Z值分别为7. 80、3. 80,P值均0. 001)。HCC组中PIVKA-Ⅱ、AFP、AFP-L3阳性比例均高于肝炎肝硬化组(χ2值分别为153. 36、83. 97、168. 82,P值均0. 001)。PIVKA-Ⅱ和AFP阳性率在HCC组差异无统计学意义(68. 6%vs 67. 8%,χ2=0. 02,P 0. 05),但在肝炎肝硬化组的差异有统计学意义(14. 5%vs 51. 3%,χ2=23. 37,P 0. 001)。PIVKA-Ⅱ和AFP-L3阳性率在HCC组差异有统计学意义(68. 6%vs 35. 6%,χ2=25. 83,P 0. 001),但在肝炎肝硬化组差异无统计学意义(14. 5%vs 9. 2%,χ2=1. 01,P 0. 05)。AFP和AFP-L3阳性率在HCC组差异有统计学意义(67. 8%vs 35. 6%,χ2=24. 50,P 0. 001),在肝炎肝硬化组差异也有统计学意义(51. 3%vs 9. 2%,χ2=31. 92,P 0. 001)。PIVKA-Ⅱ筛查HCC的ROC曲线下面积为0. 832,显著高于AFP的0. 662 (P 0. 01)和AFP-L3的0. 656(P 0. 01)。以PIVKA-Ⅱ 40 m AU/ml、AFP 10 ng/ml和AFP-L3 10%作为各自提示HCC可能的阳性界值,在ROC曲线中,PIVKA-Ⅱ和AFP的敏感度均为67. 8%,高于AFP-L3的55%。PIVKA-Ⅱ的特异度为85. 5%,高于AFP的48. 7%和AFP-L3的60%。PIVKA-Ⅱ、AFP和AFP-L3均阳性时,对HCC的筛查敏感度仅为29. 7%,但特异度提高至98. 7%。PIVKA-Ⅱ+AFP联合筛查HCC的敏感度为55. 9%,特异度为90. 8%。PIVKA-Ⅱ+AFP-L3联合筛查HCC的敏感度为30. 5%,特异度为98. 7%; AFP+AFP-L3联合筛查HCC的敏感度为34. 7%,特异度为93. 4%。结论在除外抗凝剂和胆汁淤积等因素影响的前提下,血清PIVKA-Ⅱ单项升高对HCC的筛查价值显著优于AFP或AFP-L3单项升高。PIVKA-Ⅱ或AFP任一指标升高可显著提高对HCC的筛查敏感度,PIVKA-Ⅱ、AFP和AFP-L3三者或两两同时升高可显著提高对HCC的筛查特异度。     

5种血清标志物在肝癌诊断中的应用价值

目的探讨异常凝血酶原(DCP)、高尔基体蛋白73(GP73)、甲胎蛋白(AFP)、甲胎蛋白异质体(AFP-L3)和磷脂酰肌醇蛋白聚糖3(GPC-3)检测在原发性肝癌(HCC)诊断中的临床价值。方法回顾性分析65例原发性肝癌患者、85例肝硬化患者、70例慢性乙型病毒性肝炎患者的临床资料,同时选取67例健康对照者,分别检测DCP、GP73、AFP、AFPL3、GPC-3含量,计算AFP-L3占总AFP的比率。结果肝癌组DCP、GP73、AFP、AFP-L3及GPC-3血清浓度均明显高于其它非肝癌组(P0.05)。单项检测中AFP的ROC曲线下面积最大(0.821),GP73灵敏度最高(78.5%),AFP-L3特异度最高(95.5%),DCP准确度最高(85.4%)。联合检测提高了诊断的灵敏度,5种标志物联合检测的灵敏度最高(98.5%)。结论 DCP、GP73、AFP、AFP-L3、GPC3可以作为诊断肝癌的标志物,联合检测可弥补单项检测的不足,值得临床推广。     

Alpha-fetoprotein and des-gamma-carboxy-prothrombin at twenty-four weeks after interferon-based therapy predict hepatocellular carcinoma development

AIM: To investigate risk factors for development of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) in patients with hepatitis C virus-related liver cirrhosis(LC-C).METHODS: To evaluate the relationship between clinical factors including virological response and the development of HCC in patients with LC-C treated with interferon(IFN) and ribavirin, we conducted a multicenter, retrospective study in 14 hospitals in Japan. All patients had compensated LC-C with clinical or histological data available. HCC was diagnosed by the presence of typical hypervascular characteristics on computed tomography and/or magnetic resonance imaging.RESULTS: HCC was diagnosis in 50(21.6%) of 231 LC-C patients during a median observation period of 3.8 years after IFN and ribavirin therapy. Patients who developed HCC were older(P = 0.018) and had higher serum levels of pretreatment alpha-fetoprotein(AFP)(P = 0.038). Multivariate analysis revealed the following independent risk factors for HCC development: history of treatment for HCC [P 0.001, odds ratio(OR) = 15.27, 95%CI: 4.98-59.51], AFP levels of ≥ 10 ng/m L(P = 0.009, OR = 3.89, 95%CI: 1.38-11.94), and des-γ-carboxy prothrombin(DCP) levels of ≥ 40 m AU/mL at 24 wk after the completion of IFN and ribavirin therapy(P 0.001, OR = 24.43, 95%CI: 4.11-238.67).CONCLUSION: We suggested that the elevation of AFP and DCP levels at 24 wk after the completion of IFN and ribavirin therapy were strongly associated with the incidence of HCC irrespective of virological response among Japanese LC-C patients.     

时间-强度曲线对肝脏占位性病变的诊断价值

目的探讨超声造影(CEUS)及时间-强度曲线(TIC)对甲胎蛋白(AFP)阴性肝细胞癌(HCC)、AFP阳性HCC和肝血管瘤的诊断价值。方法选取2012年10月至2013年10月临床确诊的24例AFP阴性HCC、48例AFP阳性HCC和76例肝血管瘤患者,对3组病灶分别进行常规超声、CEUS和TIC分析,采用χ2检验比较3组的CEUS表现,采用方差分析,比较3组的TIC指标。结果 AFP阴性HCC与血管瘤的动脉期和实质期有统计学差异(χ2=39.4,P=0.001;χ2=78.9,P=0.001),AFP阳性HCC与血管瘤的动脉期和实质期差异有统计学意义(χ2=50.6,P=0.001;χ2=89.7,P=0.001),AFP阴性HCC、AFP阳性HCC动脉期和实质期差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.036,P=0.85;χ2=0.22,P=0.643);AFP阴性HCC、AFP阳性HCC和肝血管瘤峰值时间(TP)分别是(27.52±4.11)、(28.28±4.09)和(50.42±5.32)s,峰值强度(peak)分别是(49.52±4.31)%、(50.20±4.37)%和(47.83±4.29)%,ROC曲线下面积(AUC)分别是(1527.20±80.37)%s、(1725.08±78.46)%s和(1613.44±76.37)%s,平均通过时间(MTT)分别是(78.71±3.26)、(79.21±3.32)和(79.86±3.10)s,3组间TP差异有统计学意义(F=568.63,P=0.001),3组间peak值、AUC和MTT差异均无统计学意义(F=0.245、0.645、0.860,P值均0.05)。其中AFP阴性HCC与血管瘤组间TP差异有统计学意义(P=0.001),AFP阳性HCC与血管瘤组间TP差异有统计学意义(P=0.001),AFP阴性HCC与AFP阳性HCC组间差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 CEUS表现和TP可鉴别诊断AFP阴性HCC(或AFP阳性HCC)和肝血管瘤,两者联合可提高肝脏良恶性病灶诊断价值,同时提高AFP阴性HCC的检出率。     

甲胎蛋白诊断和筛查原发性肝癌的阈值分析

目的探讨AFP在原发性肝癌(HCC)诊断和早期筛查中的最佳阈值。方法收集2007年-2017年于南京医科大学附属淮安第一医院住院、门诊和健康体检确诊的2212例HCC和1998例非HCC患者的临床资料,统计AFP水平。将AFP水平划分为10~20μg/L、21~65μg/L、66~110μg/L、111~155μg/L、156~200μg/L、201~250μg/L、251~300μg/L、301~350μg/L、351~400μg/L、 400μg/L 10个阈值。比较各阈值、B超以及二者联合诊断HCC的联合敏感度、特异度、阳性似然比、阴性似然比、诊断优势比。构建受试者工作特征曲线(ROC曲线)测定最佳诊断阈值。结果 AFP阈值201~250μg/L组的灵敏度与特异度之和最大(1. 370 1),ROC曲线下面积最大(0. 896 4)。AFP 20μg/L联合B超诊断肝癌的敏感度最高(95. 35%),诊断优势比为26. 13。结论临床诊断HCC的AFP最佳阈值为200μg/L。应用AFP检测联合B超检查对HCC高危人群进行筛查时,可以将AFP20μg/L作为阳性指标,结合进一步的鉴别诊断、密切随访和跟踪检查,减少筛查漏诊率。     

肝癌肿瘤标记物在超声筛查监测早期肝细胞癌中的作用不可或缺

<正>原发性肝癌(PLC)目前是世界第六大最常见的癌症,居癌症相关死亡的第四位[1]。肝细胞癌(HCC)是PLC的主要病理类型(约占75%～85%),是全球面临的一个主要健康问题[1-2]。HCC的早发现、诊断及有效的治疗是改善HCC患者生存预后的关键,而HCC的筛查监测是实现HCC早期诊断的有效途径[2]。随着超声(US)等影像技术在肝癌筛查监测中的广泛应用,甲胎蛋白(AFP)等肝癌肿瘤标记物在肝癌筛查中的作用受到一些质疑。本文通过回顾近年     

血清异常凝血酶原复合物在原发性肝癌诊断中的应用价值

目的探讨血清肿瘤标志物异常凝血酶原复合物(protein induced by vitamin K antagonist-Ⅱ,PIVKA-Ⅱ)和甲胎蛋白(alpha fetoprotein,AFP)在原发性肝癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)诊断效能的差异.方法采用电化学发光法对2016-04/2017-04天津市第二人民医院住院的初治的285例HCC患者、60例肝硬化患者、60例慢性病毒性肝炎患者(慢性乙型肝炎38例,慢性丙型肝炎22例)、30例其他慢性肝病患者(药物性肝炎14例,酒精性肝炎8例,非酒精性脂肪性肝炎8例)、25例胃、结直肠癌患者、40例健康对照人群进行血清PIVKA-Ⅱ和AFP测定.采用ROC曲线比较PIVKA-Ⅱ、AFP单独诊断HCC的效能以及敏感性和特异性;并探讨PIVKA-Ⅱ与肿瘤直径、BCLC分期等的相关性.结果血清PIVKA-Ⅱ和AFP在HCC组表达水平均高于其他病例组(均P0.01).PIVKA-Ⅱ诊断HCC的敏感性高于AFP(84.2%vs 70.9%,P0.001);PIVKA-Ⅱ诊断HCC的特异性高于AFP(81.4%vs 65.6%,P0.001).PIVKA-Ⅱ和AFP联合诊断的敏感性高于PIVKA-Ⅱ单项检测(89.5%vs 84.2%),但差异无统计学意义(P0.05).PIVKA-Ⅱ、AFP诊断HCC的ROC-AUC分别为0.865、0.768,PIVKA-Ⅱ诊断HCC的ROCAUC大于AFP(0.865 vs 0.768,P0.001).HCC患者血清PIVKA-Ⅱ水平与性别、肿瘤数目、有无微血管侵袭相关,与年龄、病毒感染、肿瘤直径、门静脉癌栓、Child-Pugh分级无关.HCC患者血清PIVKA-Ⅱ水平随着BCLC分期的升高而升高(H=48.70,P0.001).结论血清PIVKA-Ⅱ对HCC的综合诊断效能略优于AFP,HCC患者血清PIVKA-Ⅱ水平与性别、肿瘤数目、伴有微血管侵袭相关.