肝切除治疗原发性肝癌自发性破裂出血

目的: 探讨肝切除治疗原发性肝癌自发性破裂的疗效。方法:回顾性分析1988年以来采用肝切除术治疗肝癌破裂15例的临床资料。结果:全组15例，男12例，女3例；平均年龄48岁。8例行急症肝切除，2例手术止血后40d行二期手术，5例保守治疗40d行择期手术。右肝叶部分切除术8例，中肝切除术1例，左肝外叶切除术2例，左肝内叶切除术2例，左半肝切除术1例，右肝肿瘤切除1例、左肝肿瘤术后综合治疗1例。肝功能Child B级中1例术后5d死于肝衰竭，手术死亡率6.7%，14例生存者12例获得随访，中位生存时间18个月。1，3，5年生存率为58.3%，25.0%，16.7%。其中1例无瘤生存6年2个月。结论:肝切除是治疗肝癌破裂的最好方法，当有可能时应争取施行。肝切除治疗肝癌破裂可能使患者获得长时间生存。     

肝细胞癌自发破裂的预测和临床预后

目的 研究影响肝癌自发破裂的危险因素及预后因素,评估选择性一期肝切除的治疗效果.方法 从2002年4月至2006年11月在东方肝胆外科医院确诊为肝癌的4209例患者中,有200例肝癌自发破裂.回顾性分析200例自发破裂患者的临床特点和预后因素.评估不同治疗手段的预后,并与随机选取的202例同期未发生破裂的肝癌患者进行对比.结果 多因素回归分析显示肝硬化、高血压、血管癌栓、肝外侵犯及肿瘤大于5 cm是肝癌自发破裂的预测因素.在200例肝癌自发破裂患者中,105例行肝切除治疗、33例肝动脉插管化疗栓塞(TACE),62例保守治疗.所有肝癌破裂患者的中位生存时间为6个月(1 ～72个月),1、3、5年总体生存率分别为32.5％、10％和4％.肝切除组患者中位生存时间为12个月(1～72个月),TACE组为4个月(1～30个月),而保守组为1个月(1～19个月).行肝切除的肝癌破裂患者(105例)1、3、5年总体生存率分别为57.1％、19.0％和7.6％,而同期未破裂肝切除肝癌患者(98例)1、3、5年总体生存率分别为77.1％、59.8％和41.2％(P＜0.001).结论 对于伴有肝硬化、高血压、血管癌栓、肝外侵犯及肿瘤大于5 cm的肝癌患者,应警惕肝癌自发破裂的高风险.选择性一期肝切除治疗的肝癌破裂患者能够获得长期生存,尽管其总体预后较肝癌未发生破裂患者差.     

肝癌肝切除术后并发症的处理(附592例报告)

1995年至 1999年期间 ,对 5 92例原发性肝癌(下称肝癌 )病人施行了肝切除术。本文就肝癌病人肝切除术后并发症的处理进行探讨。病例资料本组 5 92例中 ,男性 5 71例 ,女性 2 1例 ,年龄2 6～ 78岁 ,平均 5 2岁。 5 42例 (91 5 % )合并肝硬化。肿瘤直径 2 8～ 2 4ｃｍ。术前肝功能 :Ｃｈｉｌｄ ＰｕｇｈＡ级 5 48例 (92 6 % ) ,Ｂ级 4 4例 (7 4 % )。肿瘤部位及手术方式如表 1所示。表 1　 5 92例手术切除方式手术方式例数右三叶切除 2左三叶切除 1扩大的右半肝切除 18扩大的左半肝切除 9右半肝切除 5 4左半肝切除 2 1中肝叶切除 15尾状叶切…     

原发性肝癌并发胆管癌栓的手术治疗：附13例报告

笔者回顾性分析14年间手术治疗的13例原发性肝癌伴有胆管癌栓患者的临床资料。全组病例术前均有黄疸，总胆红素水平在54～574 mol/L，平均251 mol/L。B超术前确诊肝癌伴有胆管癌栓7例，CT术前确诊肝癌伴有胆管癌栓9例。 13例均行手术治疗，其中11例行肝切除+胆管癌栓取除，包括右半肝切除2例，右半肝不规则切除2例，左半肝切除3例，左外叶切除2例，肝方叶切除1例，肝中叶切除1例;2例仅行胆总管切开取癌栓，T管引流。术后1年内死亡2例。行肝切除者，术后生存时间为6个月~5年9个月。中位生存时间为15个月;未切肝者2例，分别生存11个月和17个月。提示对原发性肝癌伴胆管癌栓者应积极手术治疗，仍有可能获得较好的效果。     

肝细胞肝癌自发性破裂切除术后疗效观察

目的 探讨肝细胞肝癌(HCC)自发性破裂外科切除治疗方法及疗效.方法 分析自1998年3月至2010年3月采用肝切除治疗HCC自发性破裂出血58例的临床资料.结果 58例均行手术治疗,其中左外叶切除17例,左内叶切除5例,左半肝切除2例,尾状叶切除4例,右肝部分切除23例,肿瘤局部切除7例.58例中1个月内死亡3例,占 5.2%,55例生存者全部获得随访,中位生存时间 18.0 个月,1、2、3年生存率分别为 69.1%、20.0%、10.9%.结论 HCC自发性破裂出血早期诊断、早期手术可延长生存期.     

再次肝切除术治疗复发肝癌

198 6年 3月至 1996年 5月 ,我科对16例原发性肝癌切除后复发及 32例转移癌肝切除术后复发病人行再次肝切除术。临床资料 :原发肝癌术后复发行再次手术者 16例。平均年龄 5 4岁。全部有肝病史。 2例行规则性肝切除术 ,其中 1例行三叶切除。本组 32例结直肠癌肝转移病人 ,平均年龄 5 8岁。全为治愈性切除 ,切缘距肿瘤大于 1ｃｍ。4例合并其他部位转移瘤 ,分别行同期肿瘤切除术。 2例膈肌肿瘤切除 ,1例回肠切除术 ,1例空肠部分切除术。结果 :原发肝癌 :12例 (75 % )合并肝硬化 ,1例肝功ＣｈｉｌｄＣ级 ,第二次肝切除术后生存 6个月。原发肝癌…     

肝移植治疗原发性肝癌60例

目的　评价肝移植治疗原发性肝癌的疗效和受体选择。方法　对 1993年 9月～ 2 0 0 2年 9月施行的 6 0例次肝癌肝移植患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析 ,比较不同时期肝癌肝移植的疗效和大、小肝癌的术后存活率。结果　 1993年 9月～ 2 0 0 0年 7月共实施肝癌肝移植 2 3例 ,1个月、1年、2年、3年存活率分别为 73 9%、6 0 9%、4 3 5 %和 2 9 0 %。 2 0 0 0年 8月～ 2 0 0 2年 9月共实施肝癌肝移植 37例 ,1个月、1年、2年存活率分别为 89 2 %、75 8%和 6 1 2 %。术前肝功能ClildA或B级受体的 1月存活率为 89 5 % ,较ClildC级的 72 7%差异有显著性意义 (P <0 0 5 )。大肝癌 4 1例 ,半数存活期为 18 0个月 ,1个月、1年、2年、3年存活率分别为 82 9%、6 3 1%、4 6 7%和 37 4 %。小肝癌 19例 ,存活期平均为 2 9 6个月 ,1个月、1年、2年、3年存活率分别为 84 2 %、76 6 %、6 5 6 %和6 5 6 % ,大、小肝癌累积存活率差异无显著意义。大、小肝癌的复发率分别为 2 7 7%和 15 8% ,获得长期存活的患者大部分生活质量良好。结论　肝移植是治疗原发性肝癌合并肝硬化的有效方法 ,对于明确合并有肝硬化门脉高压的小肝癌应提倡及时进行肝移植治疗 ,适当选择部分大肝癌作为移植受体仍有一定的合理性 ,血管侵犯或肝外     

巨大肝癌外科治疗探讨

目的：探讨巨大原发性肝癌的外科治疗。
方法：回顾性分析109例行手术切除治疗的巨大肝癌患者的临床资料。
结果：肿瘤最大径10.5~30(14.46±3.84)cm;病灶单发92例,多发17例;肿瘤位于左肝41例,右肝63例,超过半肝5例;83例合并肝炎后肝硬化,5 例肝癌破裂出血,19例合并门静脉癌栓(4例并有胆道癌栓),15例有肝门或肝周腹腔淋巴结转移;术前肝功能Child A级101例, B级8例;98例AFP>500 μg/L,11例<20 μg/L;临床分期IIa期2例,IIb 期92例,IIIa期15例;规则切除42例,局限性肝切除67例,手术失血量400~2 200 mL;全组住院期无死亡,术后并发症82例次(75.23%);68例获随访2~72个月,肝癌破裂出血5例切除术后生存8~13个月,63例非破裂肝癌择期手术切除后1,3,5年生存率分别为44.07%,13.06%和7.84%
结论：巨大肝癌切除近期效果优良,远期效果仍待提高;具备条件的巨大肝癌破裂出血可行一期切除。     

肝癌自发性破裂出血的诊断与治疗

目的 探讨肝癌自发性破裂出血的诊治方法.方法 回顾性总结资阳市第一人民医院和雁江区人民医院1995年1月至2009年3月期间收治的30例肝癌自发性破裂出血患者的临床资料.结果 经手术治疗的26例全部达到止血目的,其中行肝癌切除术14例,出血局部缝扎加肝动脉结扎或插管10例,大网膜填塞缝扎2例;术后1周内死亡4例,15 d死亡1例,1～3 个月内死亡9例;生存4～6个月有5例,7～12个月3例,12个月以上4例(其中生存16个月死亡1例,生存5年死亡1例,现仍存活并已生存3年1例、13年1例). 4例行非手术治疗者于入院后3～14 d死亡.结论 肝癌自发性破裂出血不是肝癌的终末期,早诊断、早手术可有效止血,手术治疗优于非手术治疗,不失时机地行肝肿瘤切除可提高远期生存率.     

原发性肝细胞癌自发性破裂的治疗(附64例报告)

目的 探讨原发性癌自发性破裂（SRHCC）的治疗方法。方法 回顾性分析64例SRHCC病人非手术及手术治疗的疗效。结果 保守治疗14例（21.9%），平均存活时间7d(12h～12d)；手术治疗50例（78.1%），其中长纱布填塞31例（48.4%），平均存活时间11d（4h～3个月），1个月存活率3.2%；肝动脉结扎6例（9.4%），平均存活2.5个月（8d～6个月），1个月存活率66.7%；肝动脉栓塞化疗病人1例（1.6%），存活9d；肝切除12例（18.8%），1个月存活率91.7%，1，3，5年存活率分别为66.7%,16.7%，8.3%，平均存活时间36个月（4d～25年3个月），最长1例存活超过25年3个月，目前仍键在。肝切除组中11例Child-Pugh功能A级病人安全度过围手术期，无死亡；1例Child-Pugh功能B级术后4d死于肝衰。结论 SRHCC易于误诊，特别是既往“体健”者。SRHCC并非均为晚期病变，如有可能，早期肝癌破裂肝功能良好者应采取急症手术切除；如病人情况或医疗条件不允许，可行延期或二期手术治疗；对不能切除的晚期病人可采取保守治疗及其它治疗。     

Laparoscopic liver resection for hepatocellular adenoma

AIM:To investigate the role of laparoscopy in the surgical management of hepatocellular adenoma(HA). METHODS:We reviewed a prospectively collected database of consecutive patients undergoing laparoscopic liver resection for HA. RESULTS:Thirteen patients underwent fifteen pure laparoscopic liver resections for HA(male/female:3/10; median age 42 years,range 22-72 years).Two patients with liver adenomatosis required two different laparoscopic operations for ruptured adenomas.Indications for surgery were:symptoms in 12 cases,need to rule out malignancy in 2 cases and preoperative diagnosis of large HA in one case.Symptoms were related to bleeding in 10 cases,sepsis due to liver abscess following embolization of HA in one case and mass effect in one case(shoulder tip pain).Five cases with ruptured bleeding adenoma required emergency admis-sion and treatment with selective arterial embolization. Laparoscopic liver resection was then semi-electively performed.Eight patients(62%)required major hepatectomy[right hepatectomy(n=5),left hepatectomy (n=3)].No conversion to open surgery occurred.The median operative time for pure laparoscopic procedures was 270 min(range 135-360 min).The median size of the excised lesions was 85 mm(range 25-180 mm). One patient with adenomatosis developed postoperative bleeding requiring embolization.Mortality was nil. The median hospital stay was 4 d(range 1-18 d)with a median high dependency unit stay of 1 d(range 0-7 d). CONCLUSION:The laparoscopic approach represents a safe option for the management of HA in a semi-elective setting and when major hepatectomy is required.     

Major hepatic resection for hilar cholangiocarcinoma: analysis of 46 patients

HYPOTHESIS: Major hepatectomy, bile duct resection, and regional lymphadenectomy for hilar cholangiocarcinoma are associated with actual long-term (>5 years) survival. DESIGN: Retrospective outcome study. SETTING: Single tertiary referral institution. PATIENTS: Between 1979 and 1997, 46 consecutive patients had resection of hilar cholangiocarcinoma by major hepatectomy, bile duct resection, and regional lymphadenectomy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Overall survival and tumor recurrence were correlated to clinicopathological factors, operative morbidity, and mortality. RESULTS: Twenty-five patients underwent left hepatectomy, 17 underwent right hepatectomy, and 4 had extended right hepatectomy. Eighteen patients underwent resection of segment 1. Negative (R0) resection margins were achieved in 37 patients (80%). The operative mortality rate was 9%, and the surgical morbidity rate was 52%. Actual 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year survival rates were 80%, 39%, and 26%, respectively. Factors adversely associated with patient survival rates included: male sex, lymph node metastases, tumor grade 3 or 4, elevated direct serum bilirubin level at diagnosis, elevated preoperative activated partial thromboplastin time, and more than 4 U of red blood cells transfused perioperatively. Tumor size and R0 resection approached significance for survival. Factors associated with tumor recurrence included: male sex, tumor grade 3 or 4, a low hemoglobin level both at diagnosis and preoperatively, and a low preoperative prothrombin time and low alkaline phosphatase level at diagnosis and preoperatively. Median time to recurrence was 3.6 years. Tumor recurrence was predominantly local and regional. CONCLUSIONS: The actual 5-year survival rate of 26% justifies major partial hepatectomy, bile duct resection, and regional lymphadenectomy for hilar cholangiocarcinoma. The high frequency of local and regional recurrence warrants investigation of adjuvant therapy.     

腹腔镜手术治疗肝癌128例的疗效评析

目的 探讨腹腔镜手术治疗肝癌的临床价值.方法 回顾性分析2007年3月至2009年10月第三军医大学西南医院采用腹腔镜手术治疗128例肝癌患者的临床资料.其中原发性肝癌116例,转移性肝癌12例.行腹腔镜肝切除术107例,单纯腹腔镜下RFA治疗15例,腹腔镜下门静脉右支结扎降期治疗6例.结果 107例行腹腔镜肝切除术患者中7例中转开腹手术,5例中转手助式腹腔镜肝切除术.规则性肝切除88例,包括左外叶切除21例、左半肝切除15例、超左半肝切除2例、中肝切除1例、右半肝切除11例、右后叶切除9例、单肝段切除29例;两个以上部位联合切除4例;非规则性肝切除15例.肝切除术的平均手术时间(228±92)min,术中平均出血量(393±213)ml,无手术死亡,16例术后出现并发症,术后平均住院时间(8±4)d.126例患者随访1～42个月,12例行腹腔镜肝切除术者于术后3～16个月死亡,术后平均生存时间(118±7)周,平均无瘤生存时间(105±7)周.行腹腔镜下BFA治疗的2例患者分别于术后9个月及11个月死亡;行腹腔镜下门静脉结扎的2例患者于术后行二期根治性切除.结论 腹腔镜手术治疗肝癌安全可行,具有创伤小、恢复快的优点.     

Two-step surgery for synchronous bilobar liver metastases from digestive endocrine tumors: a safe approach for radical resection

OBJECTIVE: We describe the early and distant results of a 2-step surgical strategy that enables complete resection in selected patients with primary digestive endocrine tumors (DET) and synchronous bilobar liver metastases (LM). BACKGROUND: Frequent synchronous and bilobar liver involvement limits indications of surgery in LM from DET. STUDY DESIGN: From 1996 to 2004, of 41 patients with synchronous bilobar LM from DET, 23 (56%) were selected for 2-step surgery. The first step included resection of the primary tumor and limited (nonanatomic) resection of left LM (segments 1-4) associated with a right portal vein ligation. After 8 weeks, following hypertrophy of the cleared left liver, a right or extended right hepatectomy was planned. RESULTS: At the first step, all primary tumors (bowel = 12, distal pancreas = 10, rectal = 1) were resected and LM were resected in 20 patients (87%). One patient did not have second-step due to tumor progression. The second step (n = 19; 83%) was performed after a median interval of 8 weeks (range, 6-13) and a 54 +/- 21% mean left liver hypertrophy rate. Postoperatively, 4 (17%) and 4 (21%) patients developed nonlethal complications and the median hospital stay was 11 (range, 7-26) and 13 (range, 9-17) days after the first and the second step, respectively. The median number of resected LM was 4 (range, 1-9) and 7 (range, 4-17), respectively. With a median follow-up of 64 months (range, 6-122), of the 19 patients who had complete 2-step surgery, all except one are alive. The 2-, 5-, and 8-year Kaplan-Meier overall and disease-free survival rates were 94%, 94%, 79% and 85%, and 50% and 26%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This 2-step surgery approach enables complete resection with no mortality, acceptable morbidity, and good long-term survival in selected patients with synchronous bilobar LM from DET.     

联合肝叶切除治疗肝门部胆管癌

目的研究联合肝叶切除术治疗肝门部胆管癌的手术方式、并发症及疗效。方法回顾性分析2000年1月至2011年3月67例肝门部胆管癌患者临床资料。联合左半肝切除23例,右半肝切除9例,尾状叶切除3例,右三叶、右前叶切除各4例,姑息性切除15例,内引流术4例,经皮肝穿刺胆道引流外引流术5例。结果死亡1例,手术并发症发生率37．31％（25／67）。联合肝叶切除组术后中位生存时间为31．1个月,高于姑息性切除组（15．8个月）。联合肝叶切除组的1、3、5年存活率为78．5％、48．3％和29％,姑息性切除组的1、3、5年存活率为43．5％、6．8％、0。术后随访率67．16％（45／67）。结论肝门部胆管癌应积极手术切除治疗,对无明显手术禁忌证的患者行包括肿瘤切除的联合肝叶切除的扩大根治术可延长患者存活期;围手术期正确处理是减少术后并发症,提高患者生活质量和延长存活期的关键。     

结直肠癌同时性肝转移的同期手术切除

目的探讨同时性结直肠癌肝转移行同期切除原发瘤和肝转移瘤的安全性和有效性。方法回顾性总结分析从1981年5月至2005年11月在我院住院治疗的43例结直肠癌同时性肝转移同期手术的临床病理资料及结果并结合文献复习。结果43例患者中男性21例,女性22例,中位年龄52岁,手术持续中位时间180min。共30例术中输血,中位输血量800ml。术后总住院时间10—50d,中位时间15d。并发症发生率18．6％（8／43）,手术死亡率2．3％（1／43）。全组总的中位生存期为25个月,5年生存率19．1％。R0切除组的中位生存期48个月,5年生存率33．8％;非R0切除组的中位生存期为20个月,5年生存率7．6％。两组的生存时间经LogRank检验差异明显,P=0．002。结论同时性结直肠癌肝转移同期手术的安全性和有效性可以保证。对可切除的同时性结直肠癌肝转移应争取同期手术,并争取R0切除。     

Major Liver Resection for Large and Locally Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Optimal management of large and locally advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a clinical challenge especially in patients with chronic liver disease (CLD). We present our experience of major liver resection for large and locally advanced HCC. Prospectively collected data of patients with large and locally advanced HCC who underwent major liver resection between March 2011 and May 2015. The outcome measures of interest were the characteristics of tumor, surgical outcome, and overall as well as disease-free survival. Eighteen patients (14 male) with median age of 59 years (20 to 73 years) with good performance status underwent resection. Fifteen patients were in Child Pugh class A and three in class B. On contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) scan, four patients had lobar/segmental portal vein involvement, two patients had bilobar disease, and one had biliary obstruction. Seven patients underwent extended resection (>5 segments), five right hepatectomy, two modified right hepatectomy, one modified right hepatectomy with wedge resection of segment six, two left hepatectomy, and one left lateral sectionectomy. On histopathology, 12 were solitary and six were multiple, the median tumor diameter was 9 cm (5–18 cm). All 18 patients had R0 resection. Eight patients had cirrhosis, six had fibrosis, and four had chronic hepatitis. Vascular invasion was noticed in 12 and out of these, six had large-vessel embolization. Morbidity according to Clavien-Dindo class was grades 1–11, grades 2–5, grade 3B-1, and grades 5–1. After a median follow-up of 32 months (6–54 months), the overall survival at 1 and 3 years was 83 and 54 %, respectively. The disease-free survival at 1 and 3 years was 75 and 54 % respectively. In carefully selected patients with large and locally advanced HCC, acceptable perioperative and medium term outcomes can be achieved with major liver resection.     

腹腔镜肝切除术治疗肝细胞癌37例临床分析

目的 探讨腹腔镜肝切除术治疗合并乙型肝炎后肝硬化的肝细胞癌的技术要点和近期疗效.方法 2007年3月1日至2008年9月30日西南医院对37例合并乙型肝炎后肝硬化的肝细胞癌患者施行腹腔镜肝切除术.结果 37例患者中32例完成全腹腔镜肝切除术,3例完成手助式腹腔镜肝切除术,2例中转开腹.解剖性肝切除23例,包括左半肝切除4例,左外叶切除8例,超左半肝切除1例,右半肝切除2例,单肝段切除8例;非解剖性肝切除术14例,其中10例在区域性半肝血流阻断条件下手术.本组患者平均手术时间212 min,平均术中出血量354 ml.全组无1例手术死亡,术后出现腹水和胸腔积液3例、肝断面包裹性积液2例、腹腔内出血1例.术后1～2 d下床活动,5～7 d肝功恢复正常,平均术后住院时间8 d.随访2～21个月,3例出现肝内非原位复发,其中1例术后8个月死亡,2例带瘤生存至今. 结论腹腔镜肝切除术治疗合并乙型肝炎后肝硬化的肝细胞癌安全可行.技术要点是根据病变大小、部位及肝硬化程度选择不同的肝切除方式及肝血流阻断方式,肝实质离断过程巾联合使用以超声刀为主的多种器材,妥善处理肝断面.