Minimally invasive locking plate osteosynthesis for fractures of the distal tibia--results in 20 patients

AIMS: We report our experiences with minimally invasive locking plate osteosynthesis (MILPO), for distal tibia fractures, with specific reference to fracture union and complications encountered. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty patients underwent MILPO for open and closed distal tibia fractures between March 2003 and December 2004. Fractures were classified according to the AO system. Open fractures were graded using the Gustilo and Anderson classification and closed fractures via the Tscherne classification system. RESULTS: There were 16 males and 4 females of mean age 44.7 years (range 19-69 years). Thirteen patients had temporary external fixation, prior to definitive fracture fixation. Minimum follow-up was 12 months and average time to full weight bearing in the closed fracture group (12 patients) was 18.1 weeks (range 8-32 weeks) and 19.3 weeks in the open fracture group (8 patients, range 8-44 weeks). Fracture healing was defined as radiological evidence of bridging mature callus combined with pain-free full weight bearing. In the open fracture group, four fractures united within 6 months, one within 6-12 months and one united 12 months after surgery; there were two cases of non-union. In the closed fracture group, seven fractures united within 6 months, three fractures between 6 and 12 months and two after 12 months from surgery. Two of the 20 patients required additional procedures to aid bone healing in the post-operative period. Three of the 20 patients required metalwork removal, for delayed wound breakdown in two cases and wound infection in one case. An uneventful recovery was made following this, in all three cases. There was one case of implant failure due to plate breakage at 32 weeks post-op. The fracture site was opened and re-plated at 32 weeks with a DCP. There were no complications following this. CONCLUSION: MILPO was used for definitive fixation of high energy, open and closed, peri-articular distal tibia fractures. This approach aims to preserve bone biology and minimise surgical soft tissue trauma. This surgical approach may provide an answer to treating a challenging group of fractures and further research is warranted.     

Minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis for humerus diaphyseal fractures

Background:

Minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) technique is reported as a satisfactory procedure for the treatment of humeral shaft fractures by the anterior approach by several authors. However, none of the published reports had a significant follow-up nor have they reported patient outcomes. We evaluated the clinical, radiographic, and functional outcome over a minimum follow-up of 2 years using the same MIPO technique to humeral shaft fracture.

Materials and Methods:

32 adult patients with diaphyseal fractures of the humerus treated with MIPO between June 2007 and October 2008 were included in the study. Patients with metabolic bone disease, polytrauma, and Gustilo and Anderson type 3 open fractures with injury severity score >16 were excluded from the study. All cases were treated with closed indirect reduction and locking plate fixation using the MIPO technique. The surgery time, radiation exposure, and time for union was noted. The shoulder and elbow function was assessed using the UCLA shoulder and Mayo elbow performance scores, respectively.

Results:

Of the 32 patients in the study, 19 were males and 13 were females. The mean age was 39 years (range: 22–70 years). Twenty-seven of the thirty-two patients (84.3%) had the dominant side fractured. We had eight cases of C2 type; five cases of C1 and A2 type; four cases of B2 type; three cases each of B3, B1, and A1 type; and one case of A3 type of fracture. The mean surgical time was 91.5 minutes (range: 70–120 minutes) and mean radiation exposure was 160.3 seconds (range: 100–220 seconds). The mean radiological fracture union time was 12.9 weeks (range: 10–20 weeks). Shoulder function was excellent in 27 cases (84.3%) and good in remaining 5 cases (15.6%) on the UCLA score. Elbow function was excellent in 26 cases (81.2%), good in 5 cases (15.6%), and fair in 1 case (3.1%) who had an associated olecranon fracture that was fixed by tension band wire in the same sitting.

Conclusion:

MIPO of the humerus gives good functional and cosmetic results and should be considered one of the management options in the treatment of humeral diaphyseal fractures.     

Minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis using posterolateral approach for distal tibial and tibial shaft fractures

ObjectiveThe objective of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the posterolateral minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) method for managing distal tibial or tibial shaft fractures with severe anterior and medial soft tissue injuries.Materials and methodsFive consecutive patients with three distal tibial and two tibial shaft fractures (three open fractures) at a level-1 trauma and tertiary referral center were retrospectively reviewed. All patients were definitively treated and followed to bone union. Main outcome was measured by American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle–hindfoot score, complications, and bone union on radiographs.ResultsThe average follow-up period was 15.8 months (range, 12–24 months). The average AOFAS score was 88.2 (range, 81–90). There were no complications, such as incision breakdown, deep infection, or impingement of the flexor hallucis longus tendon. Bone union was achieved in all cases.ConclusionsPosterolateral MIPO is a feasible option when treating these fractures, especially in cases with severe anterior and medial soft tissue injuries.     

Minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis for distal radius fractures

Background:

Fractures of distal radius are common injury in all age groups. Cast treatment with or without close reduction is a viable option. However, the results are often unsatisfactory with restricted function. The open reduction and internal fixation often results in extensive soft tissue dissection and associated high rates of infect and delayed/nonunion. The distractor/external fixator have reported good functional and anatomical results but the incidence of pin traction infection nerve injury and cosmedic deformity are high. We introduced a modified operative technique for minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) for distal radial fracture and evaluated the functional outcomes and complications.

Materials and Methods:

22 distal radial fractures (10 left, 12 right) were treated using the MIPO technique and two small incisions with a palmar locking plate from August 2009 to August 2010. The wrist function was assessed according to Dienst wrist rating system, and postoperative complications were recorded.

Results:

According to Dienst wrist rating system, 13 patients showed excellent results, 6 cases showed good results and 3 patients had moderate results. No patient had poor results. Thus, the excellent and good rate was 86.4%. One patient had anesthesia in the thenar eminence and this symptom disappeared after 3 months. One patient had delayed healing in the proximal wrist crease. Two patients had mild pain on the ulnar side of the wrist and two patients had limited wrist joint function.

Conclusion:

The MIPO technique by using two small palmar incisions is safe and effective for treatment of distal radial fractures.     

Fractures of the distal tibia: minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis

Unstable fractures of the distal tibia that are not suitable for intramedullary nailing are commonly treated by open reduction and internal fixation and/or external fixation, or treated non-operatively. Treatment of these injuries using minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) techniques may minimise soft tissue injury and damage to the vascular integrity of the fracture fragments. We report the results of 20 patients treated by MIPO for closed fractures of the distal tibia. Their mean age was 38.3 years (range: 17-71 years). Fractures were classified according to the AO system, and intra-articular extensions according to Rüedi and Allg?wer. The mean time to full weight-bearing was 12 weeks (range: 8-20 weeks) and to union was 23 weeks (range: 18-29 weeks), without need for further surgery. There was one malunion, no deep infections and no failures of fixation. MIPO is an effective treatment for closed, unstable fractures of the distal tibia, avoiding the complications associated with more traditional methods of internal fixation and/or external fixation.     

Staged minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis of proximal tibial fractures with acute compartment syndrome

PurposeHigh-energy proximal tibial fractures often accompany compartment syndrome and are usually treated by fasciotomy with external fixation followed by secondary plating. However, the initial soft tissue injury may affect bony union, the fasciotomy incision or external fixator pin sites may lead to postoperative wound infections, and the staged procedure itself may adversely affect lower limb function. We assess the results of staged minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) for proximal tibial fractures with acute compartment syndrome.MethodsTwenty-eight patients with proximal tibial fractures accompanied by acute compartment syndrome who underwent staged MIPO and had a minimum of 12 months follow-up were enrolled. According to the AO/OTA classification, 6 were 41-A, 15 were 41-C, 2 were 42-A and 5 were 42-C fractures; this included 6 cases of open fractures. Immediate fasciotomy was performed once compartment syndrome was diagnosed and stabilization of the fracture followed using external fixation. After the soft tissue condition normalized, internal conversion with MIPO was done on an average of 37 days (range, 9–158) after index trauma. At the time of internal conversion, the external fixator pin site grades were 0 in 3 cases, 1 in 12 cases, 2 in 10 cases and 3 in 3 cases, as described by Dahl. Radiographic assessment of bony union and alignment and a functional assessment using the Knee Society Score and American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score were carried out.ResultsTwenty-six cases achieved primary bony union at an average of 18.5 weeks. Two cases of nonunion healed after autogenous bone grafting. The mean Knee Society Score and the AOFAS score were 95 and 95.3 respectively, at last follow-up. Complications included 1 case of osteomyelitis in a patient with a grade IIIC open fracture and 1 case of malunion caused by delayed MIPO due to poor wound conditions. Duration of external fixation and the external fixator pin site grade were not related to the occurrence of infection.ConclusionsStaged MIPO for proximal tibial fractures with acute compartment syndrome may achieve satisfactory bony union and functional results, while decreasing deep infections and soft tissue complications.     

胫腓骨骨折带锁髓内钉与微创经皮钢板治疗的比较

目的观察带锁髓内钉与微创经皮钢板治疗胫腓骨骨折的效果，比较两种方法的特点及临床适应证的选择。方法2000年6月～2004年6月采用带锁髓内钉与微创经皮钢板两种内固定方法闭合复位治疗胫腓骨骨折患者126例，比较胫腓骨骨折中使用带锁髓内钉组与微创经皮钢板组术中及术后的一般情况。结果两组患者在手术时间、出血量、切口大小、完全负重时间等方面差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05），但在骨折愈合时间、X线暴露次数、Johner—Wruhs评价、并发症的发生等方面差异并无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论两种方法都具有手术不剥离骨膜、创伤小等优点，带锁髓内钉适合胫骨干及胫骨多段骨折，微创经皮钢板对胫骨干或远端的骨折都适合。     

Minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis with locking compression plate in patients with Vancouver type B1 periprosthetic femoral fractures

BackgroundPeriprosthetic femoral fractures (PFF) following total hip arthroplasty (THA) remain one of the most challenging complications to address. Although the principal treatment modalities for Vancouver type B1 fractures are open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF), surgeons have not yet reached a consensus on the optimal method for reduction and fixation. We therefore investigated whether minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) using locking compression plate (LCP) would lead to favorable outcomes for patients with Vancouver type B1 PFFs. In addition, we also compared the outcomes of patients treated with MIPO to those treated with ORIF.MethodWe retrospectively evaluated the clinical and radiographic outcomes of a series of 21 Vancouver type B1 PFFs treated with MIPO and LCP between February 2011 and February 2017. The mean duration of follow-up was 33.8 months. We also compared outcomes of these patients to those of patients with 19 Vancouver type B1 fractures treated with ORIF between April 2006 and December 2011.ResultsFracture healing without complications was achieved in 20 (95.2%) out of 21 cases in the MIPO group and in 14 (87.5%) out of 16 cases in the ORIF group. There was one case of fixation failure with stem subsidence in the MIPO group. In the ORIF group, there were 2 nonunion with metal failure. Operation time was significantly shorter and intraoperative blood loss was significantly less in the MIPO group compared to the ORIF group. However, there were no significant differences in frequency of transfusion, time-to-union, walking abilities, modified Harris hip score, or complications.ConclusionThe radiological and clinical outcomes of MIPO using LCP in patients with Vancouver type B1 PFFs were shown not to be inferior to ORIF and resulted in fewer intraoperative complications than ORIF. If care is taken regarding the stability of femoral implant and optimal surgical techniques, MIPO may be a recommended option in the treatment of Vancouver type B1 periprosthetic fracture.     

Clinical comparison between open plating and minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis for displaced proximal humeral fractures: A prospective randomized controlled trial

BackgroundRecently, minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) has been widely used for the treatment of proximal humeral fractures. However, there is concern about whether the MIPO in comminuted proximal humeral fractures is also comparable to open plating. The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical and radiographic outcomes of open plating and MIPO for acute displaced proximal humeral fractures.Materials and methodsIn this prospective, randomized controlled study, 107 patients who had an acute proximal humeral fracture were randomized to either the open plating or MIPO techniques. Forty-five patients treated with open plating and 45 with the MIPO technique who were followed up at least 1 year were evaluated. Shoulder functional assessment, operating time, several radiographic parameters, and complications were evaluated at final follow-up.ResultsThe mean follow-up period was 15.0 months in the open plating and 14.3 months in the MIPO technique. There were no statistically significant differences in functional assessment scores and radiographic parameters between the two groups. High complications rates were found in 4-part fracture in both surgical methods The average operation time in the MIPO group were significantly lower compared to the open plating group (p < 0.05).ConclusionThis study showed MIPO in proximal humerus fractures had similar clinical and radiographic outcomes compared to the open plating. However, the MIPO technique in proximal humerus fracture provided significantly shorter operation time than the open plating.     

应用四柱理论和微创经皮锁定钢板治疗Pilon骨折的疗效分析

目的探讨利用四柱理论结合微创经皮锁定钢板内固定技术（MIPPO）治疗Pilon骨折的临床疗效。方法自2010-12—2013-01对22例Pilon骨折采用四柱理论结合MIPPO技术治疗,根据四柱理论中不同柱骨折选择手术入路和固定方式。结果 19例切口一期愈合,3例出现切口皮缘少许坏死,经换药后愈合。22例获得平均15（12~22）个月随访,无内固定松动、断裂。骨折复位情况应用Burwell-Charnley影像学评估标准评定：解剖复位15例,复位一般7例。均在术后16~18周获得骨性愈合,末次随访时按AOFAS评分评定临床疗效：优10例,良7例,可3例,差2例（均为Ruedi-AllgowerⅢ型骨折）。结论采用四柱理论结合MIPPO技术治疗Pilon骨折是一种有效地手术方式,临床效果满意。     

经皮微创与开放复位接骨板内固定术治疗胫骨骨折的疗效比较

目的经皮微创接骨板内固定术（minimally invasive percutancous plate osteosynthesis,MIPPO）与开放复位接骨板内固定术治疗胫骨骨折,评价并比较两种方法的临床疗效。方法 2007年9月至2010年1月治疗胫骨骨折患者63例,男40例,女23例;年龄17～69岁,平均45岁。将63例胫骨骨折患者随机分为MIPPO组和开放手术组两种方法治疗,对比分析术中及术后的一般情况,并对各项指标进行统计学分析。结果两组患者在切口大小、手术时间、出血量、平均住院时间、骨折愈合时间方面比较,有统计学差异（P〈0.05）;两组术后功能评价比较,无统计学差异。结论 MIPPO技术创伤小,并发症少,骨折愈合率高,是治疗胫骨骨折的有效方法。     

Fractures of the distal tibia treated with closed reduction and minimally invasive plating

Introduction The treatment of fractures of the distal tibia can be problematical because of the thin soft-tissue covering. Bridging slide-insertion plate osteosynthesis is performed by indirect, axially correct reduction of the fracture and stabilization without opening the soft tissue at the fracture site. Stripping of the periosteum is thus avoided, the fragments remain integrated into the soft tissue, and healing occurs spontaneously by way of callus formation.Materials and methods Seventy-one patients treated by slide-insertion plate osteosynthesis were followed up over at least 2 years. As would be expected in this anatomical region, the proportion of C fractures and fractures with concomitant soft-tissue damage was high. The majority of patients were treated by application of an external fixator on the day of the accident; the definitive osteosynthesis with the slide-insertion plate was performed at a later date after healing of the soft tissues.Results In 68 patients, fracture healing was achieved within 2 years. In 80% of the cases, the final X-ray follow-up showed no or tolerable axis deviations (<5°) in the varus/valgus plane or in the recurvation/antecurvation plane. A deviation >10° requiring a correcting osteotomy was found in only 1 patient. Postoperative complications were rare occurrences. Five patients required an additional cancellous bone graft to deal with inadequate bone healing. System-related complications (instability, malalignment) due to intraoperative technical errors only had to be corrected in revision operations in 2 patients.Conclusion Closed reduction and minimally invasive plating offers the combined advantages of minimal soft-tissue damage with stable fracture fixation.     

应用微创接骨板固定技术治疗骨盆骨折

目的探讨应用微创接骨板固定(MIPO)技术治疗骨盆骨折的临床疗效。方法将35例骨盆骨折患者行复位后采用MIPO技术内固定治疗。记录手术时间、术中出血量、术中及术后并发症情况,评估患者术后骨折复位以及功能恢复情况。结果患者均获得随访,时间4~36个月。手术时间96~190 min,术中出血量160~380 ml。患者术中均未发生重要神经、血管损伤,术后未发生股外侧皮神经支配区域感觉异常、伤口感染、骨折不愈合、肺部感染及下肢深静脉血栓等并发症。1例术后6 d伤口发生脂肪液化,加强换药后一期愈合。术后1周根据Matta评分标准评估骨折复位情况:解剖复位16例,满意复位19例。末次随访时,根据Majeed评分标准进行功能评估:优21例,良13例,可1例,优良率97.14%。结论应用MIPO技术治疗骨盆骨折安全有效,通过间接复位减少了对骨折部位骨膜血供的影响,具有出血少、手术时间短、并发症少、术后恢复快等优点。     

微创经皮钢板内固定技术治疗胫骨近端骨折

目的探讨微创经皮钢板内固定（MIPPO）治疗胫骨近端骨折的方法和临床疗效。方法对15例胫骨近端骨折患者采用间接复位技术和MIPPO技术治疗。结果所有患者术后随访4-12个月;骨折均临床愈合,愈合时间3—7个月,无畸形愈合、感染及钢板断裂。功能采用Johner—Wruhs评分标准：优10例,良4例,中1例。结论MIPPO是治疗胫骨近端骨折的理想方法之一。     

前侧入路MIPPO技术与髓内钉内固定治疗肱骨干骨折的疗效比较

目的比较前侧入路微创经皮钢板内固定技术(MIPPO)与髓内钉内固定治疗肱骨干骨折的临床效果。方法回顾性分析自2009-05—2013-08分别采用MIPPO技术、顺行髓内钉内固定与逆行髓内钉内固定治疗的肱骨干骨折54例,MIPPO组21例,顺行髓内钉组18例,逆行髓内钉组15例。比较3组手术时间、术中出血量、骨折愈合情况、功能恢复情况、术后并发症。结果 3组术中出血量(F=72.040,P0.001)、骨折愈合时间(F=9.351,P0.001)比较差异无统计学意义,但MIPPO组手术时间较顺行髓内钉组和逆行髓内钉组短,差异有统计学意义(F=84.783,P=0.058)。54例均获得平均18.9(11~39)个月随访。MIPPO组疗效优良率明显高于顺行髓内钉组和逆行髓内钉组,并发症发生率明显低于顺行髓内钉组和逆行髓内钉组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论采用前侧入路MIPPO技术治疗肱骨干骨折避免了传统切开复位钢板内固定的缺点,也避免了髓内钉内固定术后的并发症,而且操作简单,学习曲线较短。     

微创经皮掌侧植入锁定钢板治疗桡骨远端骨折效果观察

目的观察微创经皮掌侧植入锁定钢板治疗桡骨远端骨折的效果。方法选取天津市津南医院2017-01-2018-12间收治的82例桡骨远端骨折患者,随机分为2组,各41例。对照组应用外固定支架治疗,观察组使用微创经皮掌侧植入锁定钢板治疗。比较2组的疗效。结果 2组切口长度、手术时间、术中出血量及术后尺偏角、桡骨高度、VAS评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组术后掌倾角显著高于对照组,术后3个月的腕关节主动活动度、相对健侧握力、Mayo评分显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后1 a,2组腕关节活动度、相对健侧握力及Mayo评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论微创经皮掌侧植入锁定钢板治疗桡骨远端骨折的远期疗效与外固定支架疗效相当,但其更利于术后患者腕关节功能的早期恢复。     

经关节入路微创钢板固定技术治疗股骨远端C型骨折

目的探讨经关节入路微创钢板固定(MIPPO)技术治疗股骨远端C型骨折的临床疗效。方法2002年4月～2005年2月,应用MIPPO技术治疗股骨远端C型骨折14例,按AO/ASIF分类：C1型3例,C2型6例,C3型5例。先行关节内骨折切开复位、松质骨螺钉固定,再行髁上部分骨折间接复位、经关节内切口插入髁支撑钢板或LISS钢板桥接固定骨折。结果12例患者获得10～32个月(平均18．4个月)随访,骨折均获愈合,愈合时间10周～12个月,平均4．6个月。按Kolmert和Wulff的评价标准：优4例,良5例,可2例,差1例,优良率为75%。结论应用MIPPO技术治疗股骨远端C型骨折实现了微创操作,具有创伤小、软组织干扰少、骨折愈合快等优点,疗效满意。     

MIPPO技术锁定钢板内固定治疗Pilon骨折

2006年3月～2008年3月,我科在微创经皮钢板植入(MIPPO)技术下应用锁定加压钢板(LCP)治疗30例Pilon骨折患者,取得较好效果.     

前侧入路MIPO技术LCP内固定治疗肱骨干中下段骨折

目的探讨采用前侧入路微创钢板接骨术(MIPO)结合锁定加压钢板(LCP)内固定治疗肱骨干中下段骨折的安全性与疗效。方法回顾性分析自2012-01—2014-06采用前侧入路MIPO技术结合锁定加压钢板(LCP)内固定治疗肱骨干中下段骨折16例。末次随访时按Constant-Murley肩关节评分系统评定肩关节功能,按改良Mayo肘关节功能评分系统评定肘关节功能。结果本组手术时间75~110 min,平均92 min;术中出血量50~150 ml,平均75 ml。16例均获得随访,随访时间6~24个月,平均12.3个月。骨折均于术后3~4个月临床愈合,平均3.4个月。所有患者骨折均愈合,无内固定失败、医源性桡神经和肌皮神经损伤。末次随访时Constant-Murley肩关节评分平均95.3分,改良Mayo肘关节功能评分平均93.3分,16例功能评价均达优。结论采用前侧入路MIPO技术结合LCP内固定治疗肱骨干中下段骨折具有固定可靠、创伤小、保护血供、神经安全、骨折愈合率高、并发症少、功能恢复佳等优点,完全符合骨折治疗理念中的生物学固定原则,可成为治疗肱骨干中下段骨折较理想的手术方法。     

前方入路联合MIPO技术治疗肱骨干骨折的有效性和安全性

背景：由于术中广泛剥离、牵拉骨折周围软组织、影响骨折端血供,传统接骨板在治疗肱骨骨折有较高的骨不连发生率和医源性神经损伤发生率。 目的：探讨前方入路联合微创经皮接骨板内固定（MIPO）技术治疗肱骨干骨折的有效性和安全性。 方法：回顾性分析2010年1月至2012年12月收治的77例肱骨干骨折患者的临床资料。根据治疗方法分为MIPO组和对照组。MIPO组采用微创经皮接骨板置入技术进行骨折固定,对照组采用传统的切开复位内固定技术进行骨折固定。对两组患者的手术情况和术后功能恢复进行比较。 结果：两组患者手术顺利,MIPO组手术时间比对照组稍长,住院时间比对照组稍短,但两组间差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。MIPO组术中失血量、骨折愈合时间均显著少于对照组（P＜0.05）。末次随访时,MIPO组的肩、肘关节活动度和DASH评分均显著优于对照组（P＜0.05）。两组患者术后均无严重并发症发生。 结论：采用MIPO技术治疗肱骨干骨折具有微创、固定牢靠、并发症少、术后功能恢复迅速且良好等优点,应在肱骨干骨折治疗中推广使用。