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1.
乙型肝炎(乙肝)病毒(Hepatitis B Virus,HBV)感染的血清学标志主要有乙肝病毒表面抗原、乙肝病毒表面抗体、乙肝病毒e抗原(Hepatitis B e Antigen,HBeAg)、乙肝病毒e抗体和乙肝病毒核心抗体。慢性HBV感染自然史复杂、多样,与初次感染年龄、HBV载量、基因型、突变位点、HBeAg状态、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(Alanine Aminotransferase,ALT)水平、丙型肝炎病毒和/或丁型肝炎病毒合并感染及宿主免疫状态等有关。慢性HBV感染过程可分免疫耐受期、免疫清除期、低或无病毒复制期和病毒恢复活性期。部分HBeAg阴性、ALT高水平和HBV脱氧核糖核酸高滴度(〉10^5拷贝/ml)患者,可出现肝硬化、肝细胞癌和肝功能衰竭等肝脏相关综合征。现有证据表明,合理使用抗HBV药物可减少后遗症发生率和病死率。  相似文献   

2.
    
Cooperation or interaction of programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing molecule-3 (Tim-3) molecules is more relevant than either molecule alone to immune dysfunction in chronic viral infection and cancers. This study simultaneously investigated polymorphisms at PD1 +8669 and TIM3 −1516 loci in 845 hepatitis B virus (HBV) chronically infected patients [151 asymptomatic carriers, 202 chronic hepatitis, 221 cirrhosis and 271 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)], 141 HBV infection resolvers and 318 healthy controls. Multivariate analysis showed that, in addition to gender, age, ALT, albumin and HBV DNA, PD1 +8669 genotype AA was associated with cirrhosis compared with patients without cirrhosis (OR, 2.410; P = 0.001). TIM3 −1516 genotypes GT + TT, together with gender, age, ALT, AST, direct bilirubin, albumin and HBeAg status, were associated with HCC compared with cirrhosis patients without HCC (OR, 2.142; P = 0.011). The combined carriage of PD1 +8669 AA/TIM3 −1516 GT or TT was higher in cirrhosis and HCC pooled patients than in patients without cirrhosis (OR, 2.326; P = 0.020) and in HCC patients than in cirrhosis patients (OR, 2.232; P = 0.013). These data suggest that PD1 and TIM3 polymorphisms may differentially and interactively predispose cirrhosis and HCC in chronic HBV infection.  相似文献   

3.
乙型重型肝炎抗病毒治疗研究进展   总被引:5,自引:1,他引:5  
通过抗病毒治疗降低乙型重型肝炎患者机体HBV载量,缓解过强的免疫反应,从而缓解病情,成为治疗乙型重型肝炎的一种可行性思路。但目前对此仍存在争议。文中就目前乙型重型肝炎是否行抗病毒治疗,抗病毒治疗的时机、特点以及药物的选择等方面进行了综述。  相似文献   

4.
目的 研究C型HBV感染者进展为肝癌的危险因素,构建相应的风险评估系统。方法 采用队列研究设计,对C型HBV感染者进行随访,采用巢式PCR技术检测HBV核心启动子区及PreS区的相关位点突变情况并进行分型。构建列线图模型,计算各项指标的风险系数并在验证队列中进行验证。结果 共纳入1 110例C型HBV感染者,平均随访8.52(5.36~11.68)年,肝癌发生率为11.93/1 000人年。在C型HBV感染者中,男性、年龄≥40岁、4种HBV核苷酸突变(T1674CG、A1762T/G1764A、A3120T和A2962G)可以增加肝癌发生的危险性(P<0.05);干扰素治疗可以降低肝癌发生的危险性(P<0.05)。在此基础上构建风险评估体系,结果显示,预测与实际的无病生存率拟合效果较好,预测值与实际值较相符,预测效果可信度较高。结论 C型HBV基因突变与肝癌发生关系密切。新构建的风险评估体系预测效果良好。  相似文献   

5.
In the Republic of Palau, a Pacific island nation, approximately 20% of the population is chronically infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and is at risk of developing chronic liver disease (CLD), including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). To examine the consequences of HBV infection, we sought to quantify HBV-related CLD mortality in this population. The cause of death was abstracted from death certificates of all persons who died in Palau during 1990-2002. CLD deaths were categorised as cirrhosis or HCC. HBV serological status was determined by review of a hospital database. The cause of death was determined for 1,366 (85%) of 1,608 deaths. CLD was the fifth most common cause of death, accounting for 102 (7%) deaths with a known cause. Of deaths due to CLD, 55 (54%) were from cirrhosis and 47 (46%) were from HCC. Sixty-five percent of CLD decedents and 19% of non-CLD decedents were chronically infected with HBV (P<0.01). The attributable fraction of HBV-related CLD was 54% (58% for cirrhosis and 53% for HCC). CLD mortality rates were approximately twice the worldwide CLD rate. HBV-related CLD is a common cause of death in the Republic of Palau, highlighting the importance of routine infant hepatitis B vaccination, especially in countries with high endemicity.  相似文献   

6.
乙型肝炎病毒(Hepatitis B Virus,HBV)是原发性肝细胞癌(Hepatocellular Carcinoma,HCC)最主要的危险因素之一。HBV感染引发HCC发生和发展机理复杂,不仅与HBV感染宿主状况、地理环境,还与HBV基因型、病毒载量和基因突变有关,更与感染HBV时宿主年龄、感染方式及与宿主染色体整合位点密切相关。  相似文献   

7.
Sera from 714 mentally retarded carriers of hepatitis B surface antigen were screened for alpha fetoprotein (AFP) by monoclonal radioimmunoassay. Serum AFP levels were less than 20 mcg/L in 708 (99.2%) carriers. One 29-year-old carrier with normal liver function had serum AFP level of 1500 mcg/L, which increased to 12,500 mcg/L after 72 days. She died of multifocal hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with cirrhosis. Five other carriers with serum AFP levels between 20 and 165 mcg/L are alive without clinical HCC. No correlation was found between serum AFP level and race, age, sex, Down's syndrome, serum alanine aminotransferase level, and hepatitis B e antigen positivity. Single cross-sectional serum AFP screening by itself is not sufficient for early diagnosis of HCC.Corresponding author.Department of Pathology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92717  相似文献   

8.
    
《Vaccine》2016,34(33):3835-3839
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9.
The prevalence of serologic evidence of hepatitis B virus infection in various populations in Greece was examined to provide data for formulating cost-effective strategies for prevaccination screening. Markers were detected in 17.5% of 320 healthy persons, 73.3% of 273 multiply transfused patients and 61.0% of 146 haemodialysis patients. In multiply transfused patients, antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) was significantly more common than antibody to core antigen (anti-HBc) (67.0%, 44.3%), while the opposite was true for haemodialysis patients (43.8%, 57.5%). These data suggest that it maybe most cost-effective to screen only for anti-HBs in multiply transfused patients and only anti-HBc in haemodialysis patients. Vaccination without screening may be more cost-effective for healthy persons. Anti-HBs and anti-HBc were detected with similar frequencies (14.7%, 15.9%), thus neither offers an advantage in screening healthy persons, although use of anti-HBc may facilitate detection of chronic carriers. These data indicate that the choice of marker for pre-vaccination screening should depend on the population under consideration.Corresponding author.  相似文献   

10.
乙型肝炎基因重组疫苗接种小学生抗体反应比较   总被引:27,自引:0,他引:27  
目的观察国产乙型肝炎基因重组疫苗的安全性和免疫学效果,为制定免疫策略提供依据。方法应用2批国产、2批进口酵母乙肝疫苗和4批国产仓鼠卵巢细胞(CHO)乙型肝炎疫苗,对550名小学生进行了1年免疫效果观察。结果未发现所有接种对象出现严重副反应。完成3针免疫后1个月时,接种各疫苗组的抗体阳转率均达90%以上,其后开始缓慢下降。除两组外,2批国产酵母疫苗组免疫后7个月时抗体滴度显著低于进口酵母疫苗和国产CHO疫苗组,但在第一针免疫后1年时,与Merck公司疫苗和CHO疫苗差异无显著性。除Amgen公司酵母疫苗外,其他各批疫苗抗体滴度峰值均出现在免疫后7个月。2批国产酵母及2批同年CHO疫苗不同批号间抗体阳转率和抗体滴度差异均无显著性。结论国产乙型肝炎基因重组疫苗的安全性好,对小学生免疫效果达到进口基因重组疫苗水平  相似文献   

11.
HBV是引起原发性肝细胞癌(HCC)的重要致病因素,但其确切的发病机制仍不清楚。HBV DNA的整合和HBx蛋白的多种功能(包括反式激活作用、抑制p53等抑癌基因、参与肝细胞凋亡的调控、影响肝细胞遗传学、对肝细胞DNA修复的直接调控),都与HCC致癌作用有关,MHBst、LHBs的作用和雌激素的影响也与HCC的发生相关。  相似文献   

12.
    
A recent genome-wide association study (GWAS) for hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) identified two loci (rs7574865 in STAT4 and rs9275319 in HLA-DQ) in a Chinese population. We attempted to replicate the associations between the two SNP loci and the risk of HCC in a Korean population. The rs7574865 in STAT4 and rs9275319 in HLA-DQ were genotyped in a total of 3838 Korean subjects composed of 287 HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma patients, 671 chronic hepatitis B virus (CHB) patients, and 2880 population controls using TaqMan genotyping assay. Gene expression was measured by microarray. A logistic regression analysis revealed that rs7574865 in STAT4 and rs9275319 in HLA-DQ were associated with the risk of CHB (OR = 1.25, P = 0.0002 and OR = 1.57, P = 1.44 × 10−10, respectively). However, these loci were no association with the risk of HBV-related HCC among CHB patients. In the gene expression analyses, although no significant differences in mRNA expression of nearby genes according to genotypes were detected, a significantly decreased mRNA expression in HCC subjects was observed in STAT4, HLA-DQA1, and HLA-DQB1. Although the genetic effects of two HCC susceptibility loci were not replicated, the two loci were found to exert susceptibility effects on the risk of CHB in a Korean population. In addition, the decreased mRNA expression of STAT4, HLA-DQA1, and HLA-DQB1 in HCC tissue might provide a clue to understanding their role in the progression to HCC.  相似文献   

13.
    
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14.
    
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotypes are important in both the clinical manifestation of disease and treatment response. Although Kenya belongs to the African Region (AFR-E) characterized by high mortality and hyperendemicity of HBV, there is a paucity of HBV genotyping data. The aim of this study was to molecularly characterize the basic core promoter/precore (BCP/PC) and complete surface (S) regions of HBV isolated from 61 HBsAg-positive liver disease patients attending Kenyatta National Hospital in Nairobi. HBsAg, HBeAg and viral loads were determined. HBV DNA was amplified and sequenced from 58/61 patients. In addition to the complete genome of two isolates, the BCP/PC and the complete S regions of 43 and 38 isolates, respectively were sequenced. Following phylogenetic analysis of the S region, 38 isolates clustered with subgenotype A1, whereas two isolates clustered with genotype D, one with subgenotype D1 and another as an outlier of the clade containing subgenotype D6 and the D/E recombinant. When the complete genome of the latter isolate was sequenced it clustered with D6. The majority of isolates belonged to serological subtype adw2 and only four to ayw2. Three distinct groups of subgenotype A1, distinguished by different amino acid motifs, circulate in Kenya: two in the African cluster and a monophyletic clade in the “Asian” cluster. HBeAg-negativity was a result of G1896A in genotype D isolates, whereas in subgenotype A1, the HBeAg-negativity was a result of mutations in the Kozak region (1809–1812) or precore start codon (1814–1816). Mutations at positions 1762 and 1764 occurred more frequently in HCC patients (p < 0.05). In conclusion, subgenotypes A1, D1 and D6 circulate in liver disease patients in Kenya, with A1 predominating.  相似文献   

15.
乙型肝炎患者CRP检测的临床意义及细胞水平研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
目的:探讨乙型肝炎患者C反应蛋白(CRP)检测的临床意义,并在细胞水平研究乙型肝炎病毒对CRP mRNA表达的影响。方法:通过德灵BNⅡ特种蛋白仪检测HBV患者和健康对照者CRP血清学水平,分析在不同病情时CRP表达水平的差异;并采用RT-PCR检测人肝癌细胞系HepG2和HepG2.2.15中CRP mRNA的表达。结果:CRP在乙型肝炎患者血清学水平升高,总体差异有统计学意义﹝F=21.38,P<0.01),特别是肝癌患者平均血清水平显著升高(P<0.01)。HepG2.2.15细胞中CRP mRNA的表达水平较HepG2高。结论:CRP血清学水平与乙型肝炎患者病情密切相关,而且HBV在细胞水平能够上调CRP的表达。  相似文献   

16.
HBV感染与人原发性肝细胞癌有病因学联系.14-3-3σ蛋白在细胞周期和细胞凋亡过程中起负调节作用,主要调节G2/M期检查点.在多数肿瘤形成的过程中,14-3-3σ由于高度甲基化而失活,从而促进肿瘤的发生.根据14-3-3σ控制细胞周期、修复DNA损伤、抑制细胞凋亡及促细胞分化和衰老等一些与肿瘤的发病机制有关的生物学特性,有望把14-3-3σ作为抗癌治疗的靶蛋白.此文就近年来有关14-3-3σ基因与HBV相关性肝癌的关系进行了综述.  相似文献   

17.
目的 研究广西壮族自治区(广西)扶绥县肝癌高发区HBV基因型、基本核心启动子(BCP)/前C区突变与肝癌的关系。方法 采用病例对照方法收集53例肝癌患者和70例HBV健康携带者的血清,提取HBV DNA,用巢式PCR扩增 HBV S区、BCP/前C区,扩增产物纯化后测序,分析基因型、基因突变与肝癌发生的关系。结果 BCP区A1762T/G1764A及前C区T1858C在病例组中的突变率高于对照组,分别为94.3% vs. 75.7%(P=0.006)和50.9% vs. 31.4%(P=0.029);A1775G在对照组中的突变率高于病例组28.6% vs.13.2%(P=0.041)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,HBV A1762T/G1764A和T1858C突变是肝癌发生的危险因素,OR值分别为5.459(95%CI:1.397~21.332,P=0.015)和3.881(95%CI:1.462~10.305,P=0.006);A1775G突变是肝癌发生的保护因素,OR=0.192(95%CI:0.059~0.622,P=0.006)。结论 HBV C基因型是广西肝癌高发区的主要流行株,HBV BCP区A1762T/G1764A、A1775G、前C区T1858C 突变与HBV相关肝癌的发生有密切关系。  相似文献   

18.
目的 了解成渝两地社区居民对肝炎歧视的现状及其影响因素,为防治策略调整提供理论依据。方法 选取重庆市和成都市的社区居民作为调查对象,共939名。采用自行设计的结构式调查问卷分析居民的乙肝歧视现状,并通过Logistic回归模型分析肝炎歧视的影响因素。结果 将歧视程度分为无或轻、中、重3种类型,仅有13.27%的调查对象完全无歧视,75.19%的调查对象存在中度及重度乙肝歧视,12.41%的居民乙肝歧视得分达到最高分6分。多因素分析显示,与56岁以上的人群相比,年龄在16~25岁的人群乙肝歧视程度低的概率较大,OR(95%CI)值为0.285(0.114,0.710);与年收入56 000元以上的调查对象相比,年收入水平在14 000元以下的人群乙肝歧视程度高的概率较大,OR(95%CI)值为7.325(3.898,13.765)。结论 成渝两地社区居民乙型肝炎歧视现象严重,开展消除乙肝歧视的工作中应重点关注老年人、低收入的人群,健康教育应注意消除大众对乙肝传播途径的错误认知方面。  相似文献   

19.
目的及时发现乙肝病毒(HBV)感染者中的肝癌患者,探讨HBV感染者肝功能与肝癌发病的关系。方法对2008年兖州6个铁路单位20~60岁健康体检职工中检出的HBV感染者485名,每半年进行一次肝功能、甲胎球蛋白(AFP)检测和肝脏B超检查随访,观察肝癌发病情况。结果2008~2012年12月31日,485名HBV感染者中,18人经AFP和(或)肝脏B超检查确诊为肝癌,肝癌累积发病率为3.71%。肝癌累积发病率,肝功正常者420人为1.43%,肝功异常者65人为18.46%(P〈0.01);20~40岁225人为1.78%,41~60岁260人为5.38%(P〈0.05)。2008-2012年(观察第一年、第二年、第三年、第四年、第五年内),485名HBV感染者肝癌发病率分别为0.62%、0.21%、0.62%、1.03%、1.24%。结论HBV感染者中肝功异常者容易发生肝癌,高年龄组尤为明显。  相似文献   

20.
周蔚华 《医疗保健器具》2013,(12):1604-1605
目的分析新生儿乙肝疫苗接种情况并探讨乙肝疫苗接种后对新生儿的保护作用。方法选取辖区内2012年1月到2013年6月出生的新生儿1800名作为研究对象,对新生儿抽血进行“两对半”检查,并统计新生儿乙肝疫苗接种情况.接种完成后抽血检查新生儿乙肝病毒表面抗原及抗体情况,统计新生儿乙肝表面抗原阳性率及抗体保护率。以全程(三针)接种乙肝疫苗的新生儿为观察组,以人群为对照组,比较两组研究对象在乙肝表面抗原阳性率及抗体保护率之间的差异。结果新生儿乙肝疫苗接种情况非常理想,第一针及时接种率达到97.56%,全程及时接种率93.78%,全程接种率达到94.56%:新生儿HBs阳性率低于人群,且新生儿抗体保护率高达85.49%,高于人群抗体保护率,差异均具有统计学意义(P〈0.05);疫苗接种后,不良反应少且症状轻微。结论乙肝疫苗切实发挥了对新生儿的保护作用,且安全可靠。  相似文献   

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