Comparison of efficacy of commercial one dose and two dose PCV2 vaccines using a mixed PRRSV–PCV2–SIV clinical infection model 2–3-months post vaccination

The study objectives were to compare the duration of immunity of commercially available, one and two dose, killed porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) vaccines. Sixty, 3.5-week-old pigs were randomly divided into six treatment groups: one dose vaccines (FDAH-1, BIVI-1), two dose vaccines (Intervet-2, FDAH-2), and non-vaccinated negative and positive controls. Tissue homogenate challenge was conducted 63 (two doses) or 84 (one dose) days post vaccination. Viremia was reduced by 78.5% in pigs vaccinated with one dose and by 97.1% in pigs vaccinated with two dose products and overall microscopic lymphoid lesions were reduced by 78.7% and 81.8%, respectively.     

Efficacy of a new bivalent vaccine of porcine circovirus type 2 and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Fostera™ PCV MH) under experimental conditions

The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a new bivalent vaccine (Fostera™ PCV MH, Zoetis) of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in growing pigs under experimental conditions. A total of 80 pigs were randomly divided into 8 groups (10 pigs per group). The pigs were administered the bivalent vaccine intramuscularly as a 2.0 mL dose at 21 days of age based on the manufacturer's instructions. Three weeks after vaccination, the pigs were inoculated with either PCV2 (intranasal route) or M. hyopneumoniae (intratracheal route) or both. Regardless of the type of inoculation, vaccinated pigs after challenge exhibited effective reduction of clinical signs, PCV2 viremia levels and mycoplasma nasal shedding, and lung and lymphoid lesion when compared to unvaccinated challenged pigs. Vaccinated challenged pigs had significantly higher (P < 0.05) levels of PCV2-specific neutralizing antibodies, and numbers of PCV2-and M. hyopneumoniae-specific interferon-γ secreting cells compared to unvaccinated challenged pigs. This study demonstrates that the bivalent vaccine is able to protect pigs against either PCV2 or M. hyopneumoniae infection or both based on clinical, microbiological, immunological, and pathological evaluation.     

T2-flash-2d成像技术对椎间盘病变的诊断价值

目的探讨MRI T2-flash-2d成像技术对椎间盘病变的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析400例腰椎和／或颈椎椎间盘病变患者矢状位T2-flash-2d检查情况，并结合MRI T2WI和T1WI矢状位以及T2WI轴位序列成像结果进行评价。结果矢状位T2-flash-2d椎间盘成像序列能清晰鉴别椎间盘与硬脊膜，韧带等组织结构，对突出情况显示优于T2WI和T1WI序列，准确率达100％。结论矢状位T2-flash-2d椎间盘成像序列可以成为椎间盘病变的理想检查方法。     

儿童d2注意力测验中抑制参数的性别差异

目的对7～10岁儿童d2注意力测验中注意抑制参数进行性别差异性分析。方法应用d2注意力测验获得违规错误和错误率参数,将每行违规错误的字符数量分为0—2个、3～5个和〉5个范围进行逐行分类计数和性别差异性分析。结果（1）男生违规错误字符数量为（29．063±35．972）,错误率为（7,064±8．918）％;女生违规错误字符数量为（22．881±31．297）,错误率为（5．596±7．737）％。男女生违规错误和错误率比较无统计学意义（t=1．322、1．267,P〉0．05）。（2）93．88％女生每行的违规错误字符数在0～2个范围,男生者为73．19％,女生人数明显多于男生（χ^2=15．765,P〈0．01）。（3）违规错误字符数在3—5个范围者男生多于女生（χ^2=5．965,P〈0．05）。（4）违规错误符数〉5个范围者男生明显多于女生（χ^2=8．855,P〈0．01）。结论女生的违规错误字符数比较少,提示女生注意抑制能力好。     

北京市海淀区2 177例42 d婴儿皮肤病临床特征

目的 了解北京市海淀区42 d婴儿皮肤病的患病情况及疾病临床特征。方法 选择2011年12月1日-2012年07月18日在北京市海淀妇幼保健院进行生后42 d体检的2 177例婴儿作为研究对象,由儿童专业皮肤科医生进行皮肤体格检查。结果 总皮肤病检出为92.1%,伴随皮肤病顺位依次为:蒙古斑(63.2%),婴儿湿疹(57.9%),鲜红斑痣(47.0%),咖啡斑(2.7%),血管瘤(2.6%),无色素性痣(0.3%)。结论 湿疹是42 d婴儿最常见的炎症性皮肤病,色素性疾病以蒙古斑最常见,血管性疾病以鲜红斑痣最常见。     

Changes in Capsule and Drug Resistance of Pneumococci after Introduction of PCV7, Japan, 2010–2013

We aimed to clarify changes in serotypes and genotypes mediating β-lactam and macrolide resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from Japanese children who had invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) after the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) was introduced into Japan; 341 participating general hospitals conducted IPD surveillance during April 2010–March 2013. A total of 300 pneumococcal isolates were collected in 2010, 146 in 2011, and 156 in 2012. The proportion of vaccine serotypes in infectious isolates decreased from 73.3% to 54.8% to 14.7% during the 3 years. Among vaccine serotype strains, genotypic penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae strains also declined each year. Among nonvaccine serotype strains, 19A, 15A, 15B, 15C, and 24 increased in 2012. Increases were noted especially in genotypic penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae isolates of serotypes 15A and 35B, as well as macrolide resistance mediated by the erm(B) gene in 15A, 15B, 15C, and 24.     

No2 口腔疾病and糖尿病

研究表明，糖尿病患者的牙周炎患病率明显高于非糖尿病者，其牙周破坏程度亦明显重于非糖尿病者。     

Enhanced protective immune response to PCV2 subunit vaccine by co-administration of recombinant porcine IFN-γ in mice

The capsid (Cap) protein of PCV2 is the major immunogenic protein that is crucial to induce PCV2-specific neutralizing antibodies and protective immunity; thus, it is a suitable target antigen for the research and development of genetically engineered vaccines against PCV2 infection. IFN-γ has exhibited potential efficacy as an immune adjuvant that enhances the immunogenicity of certain vaccines in experimental animal models. In this study, three recombinant proteins: PCV2-Cap protein, porcine IFN-γ (PoIFN-γ), and the fusion protein (Cap-PoIFN-γ) of PCV2-Cap protein and PoIFN-γ were respectively expressed in the baculovirus system, and analyzed by Western blot and indirect ELISA. Additionally, we evaluated the enhancement of the protective immune response to the Cap protein-based PCV2 subunit vaccine elicited by co-administration of PoIFN-γ in mice. Vaccination of mice with the PCV2-Cap + PoIFN-γ vaccine elicited significantly higher levels of PCV2-specific IPMA antibodies, neutralizing antibodies, and lymphocyte proliferative responses compared to the Cap-PoIFN-γ vaccine, the PCV2-Cap vaccine, and LG-strain. Following virulent PCV2 challenge, no viraemia was detected in all immunized groups, and the viral loads in lungs of the PCV2-Cap + PoIFN-γ group were significantly lower compared to the Cap-PoIFN-γ group, the LG-strain group, and the mock group, but slightly lower compared to the PCV2-Cap group. These findings suggested that PoIFN-γ substantially enhanced the protective immune response to the Cap protein-based PCV2 subunit vaccine, and that the PCV2-Cap + PoIFN-γ subunit vaccine potentially serves as an attractive candidate vaccine for the prevention and control of PCV2-associated diseases.     

Prescription drugs and managed care: can 'free-market détente' hold?

The rapid rise in pharmaceutical benefits costs, often cited as a major contributor to the resurgence in health care cost growth, is beginning to strain the relationship between the pharmaceutical and the managed care industries in the United States. In interviews conducted in 1999, executives from both industries maintained a continued preference for a market-based resolution of these tensions. There is evidence, however, that this private-sector détente may give way in the face of the rising business and political pressures that both industries face. Active leadership will be required to prevent deterioration of the prevailing political climate toward economic controls.     

麻醉机PCV通气模式双峰压力波形故障维修分析

故障现象:开始使用,在VCV模式下风箱无法动作;PCV模式下风箱有不规则动作,屏幕上气道压力波形区域出现双峰波形.同时报警:呼出分钟通气量低,系统漏气.图形如图1. 维修分析:机器撤机,并为机器连接电源及气源,连接好呼吸回路.打开主开关,机器经过自检后,选择校验程序进行校验.校验结果是:除了呼吸机检查结果失败外,其他检查项目通过.经过多次校验,结果并没有改变.在校验过程中,发现:呼吸机检查的第一步完成后,风箱无法下降到底部位置.接着用模拟肺进行机控试验,在VCV模式下风箱无法动作,而PCV模式下风箱有不规则动作,屏幕上气道压力波形区域出现双峰波形.     

第2d选择性单胚胎移植的临床实践:更好的ICSI结局

开展单胚胎移植(SET)是解决因辅助生殖技术(ART)中多胎率增加的最佳方案,但针对性地开展SET妊娠率仅为30%～40%。为提高单胚胎妊娠率和获取胚胎选择标准,对2个不同年龄组体外受精(IV F)和胞浆内单精子注射(ICSI)周期移植结果进行比较分析。研究对象为2000～2002年芬兰家庭联邦和O ulu大学不孕诊所接受第2d SET的患者共1271个周期,行双胚移植(D ET)共803个周期,行SET共468个周期。另外,308个周期除含优质胚胎移植(ET)外,另有剩余优质胚胎行冷保存。优质胚胎的选择标准:正常受精(2PN)、第2d胚胎含4～5卵裂球、胞质碎片<20%及无多…