Strategy to Overcome Urban Undertow,An Obstacle to Rural Health Development

Urban undertow occurs when resources for rural communities are drawn into urban institutions, contributing to urban development and paradoxically undermining rural growth. Eroding rural health care services is a prime example. Central to this problem is health care policy promoting costly medical science and technology without also advancing the infrastructure for basic rural medical care. What is needed in order to preserve and restore rural quality of life is an explicit policy to (a) recognize the presence and legitimacy of rural institutions to be recipients of funding and (b) create a comprehensive strategy to channel resources into effective rural development. Recruiting and preparing rural students for rural health professions would be an important part of the strategy.     

Vaccine Uncertainty: Preventing Progress of Public Health

In 1994, as part of its continuing "America Responds to AIDS" campaign, the CDC launched an innovative, straightforward campaign comprising nine public service announcements (PSAs) that advocate either condom use for sexually active young adults or sexual inactivity. This article evaluates the persuasive appeals of the PSAs through use of Fisher's (1984) narrative theory. It argues that the ads are likely to be effective for two reasons: (a) Because they are told in a story fashion, they will appeal to larger audiences; (b) moreover, because they contain high narrative probability and narrative fidelity, and because they provide "good reasons," they will find greater acceptance. However, because of the PSAs' failure to address competing narratives adequately, as well as network hesitance to broadcast them during heavy viewing periods, their effectiveness may be lessened. Ultimately, it is concluded the PSAs are an important step forward in communicating concerns of the continuing HIV/AIDS epidemic.     

Guidelines for biosafety laboratory competency: CDC and the Association of Public Health Laboratories

These guidelines for biosafety laboratory competency outline the essential skills, knowledge, and abilities required for working with biologic agents at the three highest biosafety levels (BSLs) (levels 2, 3, and 4). The competencies are tiered to a worker's experience at three levels: entry level, midlevel (experienced), and senior level (supervisory or managerial positions). These guidelines were developed on behalf of CDC and the Association of Public Health Laboratories (APHL) by an expert panel comprising 27 experts representing state and federal public health laboratories, private sector clinical and research laboratories, and academic centers. They were then reviewed by approximately 300 practitioners representing the relevant fields. The guidelines are intended for laboratorians working with hazardous biologic agents, obtained from either samples or specimens that are maintained and manipulated in clinical, environmental, public health, academic, and research laboratories.     

军地疾控机构联合处置突发公共卫生事件的探讨

军地联合处置突发公共卫生事件是切实保证社会安全稳定、保证人民群众和军人身体健康的需要.文章从军地联合处置突发公共卫生事件的必要性入手,分析了军地疾控机构各自的优势和不足,对联合处置突发公共卫生事件的组织领导体系、军地疾控力量使用形式、平时配合与演练等进行了探讨.在此基础上,提出应完善相应的法律法规,建立健全组织领导,加强军地交流,建立定期联席制度、协同机制,实现资源共享.     

大理州疾控机构应对突发公共卫生事件和重大自然灾害卫生应急准备现状分析和建议

目的提高大理州疾病预防控制机构应对突发公共卫生事件和重大自然灾害调查和处置能力,最大限度地降低突发公共卫生事件和重大自然灾害的危害。方法根据《中华人民共和国传染病防治法》、《突发公共卫生事件应急条例》等国家卫生法律法规,结合大理州疾病预防控制机构现状和州情,反思作者先后参加了2003年"非典"防治,多起重大食物中毒处置和"5.12"汶川大地震后的卫生防疫等实际工作中,今后大理州如何更好地提高应对突发公共卫生事件和重大自然灾害调查和处置能力,并提出合理化建议。结果大理州卫生应急预案体系不够健全,没有从州政府的层面制定《大理州突发事件应急总预案》,如发生突发公共卫生事件和重大自然灾害时,还要花时间协调各部门一起应对;各种预案较多且分散;没有统一管理的各类专业人员齐备的应急队伍;近年来较少组织卫生应急演练,实战能力有待提高,队员野外生存能力差。结论大理州要进一步建立健全卫生应急预案体系,收集或制定卫生应急规范,从州政府的层面制定《大理州突发事件应急总预案》;要按照"平战结合、因地制宜、分类管理、分级负责、统一管理、协调运转"的原则,建立一只卫生应急队伍;完善应急队伍的应急装备和做好应急物资储备。     

成本核算在公共卫生领域应用的研究进展

成本核算作为企业管理的一种方法,于1933年最早被英国引入到医院管理中,美国于20世纪60年代将其引入到医疗保险相关成本估算中,亚洲最早由日本于1974年用于医院管理。当前,国外公共卫生项目成本核算、病种(如艾滋病防治)成本核算方法应用普遍,但由于政治体制、经济、文化和疾病防治工作重点等国情差异,不同国家和地区政府应承担的公共卫生项目、病种界定等存在较大差异,国外已有的成熟研究无法直接应用于我国。对我国而言,20世纪80年代初开始将其引入到卫生领域,多应用于医疗机构,尤其是医院及其科室成本核算,应用于公共卫生领域以及项目成本核算的较少,仅停留在探索阶段,特别是针对农村基层卫生机构公共卫生项目的研究更是匮乏,亟待加强。     

Peer Reviewed: An Organizing Framework for Translation in Public Health: The Knowledge to Action Framework

A priority for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is translating scientific knowledge into action to improve the public''s health. No area has a more pressing need for translation than the prevention and control of chronic diseases. Staff from CDC''s National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion worked across disciplines and content areas to develop an organizing framework to describe and depict the high-level processes necessary to move from discovery into action through translation of evidence-based programs, practices, or policies. The Knowledge to Action (K2A) Framework identifies 3 phases (research, translation, and institutionalization) and the decision points, interactions, and supporting structures within the phases that are necessary to move knowledge to sustainable action. Evaluation undergirds the entire K2A process. Development of the K2A Framework highlighted the importance of planning for translation, attending to supporting structures, and evaluating the public health impact of our efforts.