cklfsf 2a在小鼠睾丸发育中的基因表达和蛋白定位

目的研究趋化素样因子2a（cklfsf 2a）在小鼠睾丸中的基因调控和蛋白定位。方法采用RT-PCR方法检测cklfsf 2a基因在不同周龄小鼠睾丸组织中的表达情况，制备cklfsf 2a多克隆抗体，分别采用免疫组织化学和原位杂交方法检测cklfsf 2a蛋白和mRNA在小鼠睾丸组织中的定位。结果cklfsf 2a mRNA在出生后14d内出现，表达量逐渐增加，在成年前达到高峰并持续表达。cklfsf 2a蛋白和mRNA均特异性的表达于睾丸初级精母细胞。结论cklfsf 2a基因存在发育的表达调控，随着睾丸发育的日趋成熟，表达量逐渐增加，其作用可能和精母细胞的发育有关。     

血管内皮生长因子和其受体Flt-1在青春期大鼠睾丸、附睾及附睾内精子上的表达研究

目的:通过对血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)及其受体Flt-1在大鼠睾丸、附睾及附睾内精子上表达的研究,探讨其在雄性生殖系统中的作用。方法:免疫组化SP法和免疫荧光法检测20只青春期SD大鼠睾丸、附睾及精子上VEGF和Flt-1蛋白的表达情况。结果:VEGF和Flt-1在大鼠睾丸和附睾组织及精子上均有特征性表达。睾丸内VEGF蛋白表达于生精细胞、精子细胞发育中的顶体、Sertoli和Leydig细胞胞质内;Flt-1只见于精子细胞发育中的顶体及Leydig细胞胞质中。附睾中VEGF表达于各段上皮主细胞胞质内,而Flt-1表达于头、尾段上皮主细胞胞质内,体部免疫染色阴性;两者在附睾上皮亮细胞、晕细胞和基细胞中均为阴性表达。免疫荧光染色显示,VEGF和Flt-1共同定位于附睾内精子头部的顶体,尾部的颈、中和主段。结论:VEGF和Flt-1蛋白在大鼠睾丸、附睾及精子中的特异性表达提示,他们可由不同生精上皮细胞、间质细胞和附睾主细胞产生,可能以自分泌或旁分泌的形式单独或共同作用于睾丸和附睾的生殖细胞或Leydig细胞,直接或间接地影响精子的发生、发育和成熟过程,并与精子的活动和受精能力有关。     

Cox7a2荧光载体构建及其在小鼠睾丸Leydig细胞表达和定位研究

目的构建Cox7a2的荧光表达载体,研究其在小鼠睾丸Leydig细胞中的表达和定位。方法原代培养小鼠睾丸Leydig细胞并利用3β-HSD染色法鉴定,应用PCR方法研究Cox7a2在小鼠睾丸Leydig细胞中的表达。利用BglⅡ和EcoRⅠ酶切位点把Cox7a2克隆到pEYFP-N1。细胞转染和细胞荧光显微镜技术观察YFP-Cox7a2定位。结果Cox7a2表达在原代培养的小鼠睾丸Leydig细胞中。绿色荧光的YFP-Cox7a2和红色荧光的线粒体标记物- Mitotracker有完全的共定位。结论Cox7a2在小鼠睾丸Leydig细胞表达,成功构建Cox7a2真核荧光蛋白表达载体,明确YFP-Cox7a2定位在Leydig细胞的线粒体。这些结果将对老年男性睾丸间质细胞合成功能障碍的研究提供重要的信息。     

Cox7a2和ATP50在原代培养小鼠Leydig细胞和人体不同器官的表达研究

目的 研究线粒体呼吸链相关基因Cox7a2,ATP50在原代培养的小鼠睾丸Leydig细胞和人体各器官组织中的表达特征.方法 原代培养小鼠睾丸Leydig细胞并鉴定,利用RT-PCR方法 研究Cox7a2,ATP50在Leydig细胞中的表达.利用PCR方法 研究Leydig在人体各重要脏器组织的表达谱.结果 Cox7a2,ATP50在原代小鼠睾丸Leydig细胞中表达,Cox7a2和ATP50在各个脏器旱现出不同的表达特征.结论 Cox7a2,ATP50表达在原代小鼠睾丸Leydig细胞中,研究Cox7a2,ATP50在人体各器官的表达特点,为基因的功能研究奠定了前期基础.     

精子超活化结构蛋白——Catsper表达特性研究

目的:Catsper是精子特有的一种阳离子通道蛋白,对于精子超活化有重要的调节作用,为进一步了解其表达特性,本文主要研究其组织特异性表达及表达规律。方法:运用RT-PCR和免疫组织化学方法分析Catsper在2~8周龄昆明小鼠睾丸、附睾等8种组织中的表达情况,在精子上的精确定位以及随发育阶段变化表达量的变化。结果:Catsper特异性地表达于睾丸和附睾组织上;主要定位于精子尾部的主段;Catsper的表达量受到发育阶段的调控,该蛋白表达量随个体发育周龄的增长而呈增加的趋势,于3周龄开始检测到它的表达,随后表达量显著增加至6周龄,以后逐渐增长至一个平台期。结论:小鼠的Catsper基因特异性地表达于睾丸和附睾上,并且主要位于精子尾部的主段,其表达量与小鼠的发育阶段有密切的关系。     

Daxx基因在小鼠睾丸精子发生过程中的表达特征

目的:研究死亡结构域相关蛋白(Daxx)基因在小鼠睾丸精子发生过程中的表达特征,初步探讨其在生精过程中的作用。方法:通过实时荧光定量PCR(q PCR)、Western印迹及免疫荧光等方法检测Daxx在不同周龄野生型小鼠睾丸组织以及成年睾丸支持细胞雄激素受体特异性敲除(SCARKO)和雄激素受体敲除(ARKO)小鼠睾丸中的表达特征。结果:q PCR、Western印迹和免疫荧光结果表明,Daxx基因在出生4周后小鼠睾丸中高表达,且主要定位于细胞核;与野生型小鼠相比,SCARKO小鼠睾丸中DAXX的表达差异不显著(0.853±0.058 vs1.000±0.015),但在生精细胞细胞核中呈极性分布;DAXX在ARKO小鼠睾丸表达显著降低(0.299±0.026 vs1.000±0.015,P0.01)。结论 :Daxx基因在小鼠睾丸发育中期时表达最高。ARKO小鼠中DAXX的表达与野生型相比显著降低,睾丸支持细胞中AR基因特异性敲除影响DAXX定位。DAXX可能参与调控小鼠的精子发生过程。     

ATP50荧光表达载体构建及其在TM3小鼠睾丸Leydig细胞定位研究

目的:构建ATP50的荧光表达载体,研究其在原代培养的小鼠睾丸Leyd ig细胞中的表达和在TM3小鼠睾丸Leyd ig细胞中的定位。方法:原代培养小鼠睾丸Leyd ig细胞并利用3β-HSD染色法鉴定,应用PCR方法研究ATP50在小鼠睾丸Leyd ig细胞中的表达。利用BamH I和EcoR I酶切位点把ATP50克隆到pEYFP-N1。细胞转染和细胞荧光显微镜技术观察YFP-ATP50在TM3小鼠睾丸Leydig细胞的定位。结果:ATP50表达在原代培养的小鼠睾丸Leydig细胞中。TM3小鼠睾丸Leydig细胞中,绿色荧光的YFP-ATP50和红色荧光的线粒体标记物M ito-tracker有完全的共定位。结论:ATP50在小鼠睾丸Leydig细胞表达,成功构建了ATP50真核荧光蛋白表达载体,明确YFP-ATP50定位在Leydig细胞的线粒体。这些结果将对老年男性睾丸间质细胞睾酮合成功能障碍的研究提供重要的信息,有利于进一步深入研究。     

端粒酶hTERT基因在男性不育症病人睾丸组织中的表达及其意义

目的 :研究端粒酶hTERT基因在男性不育症病人睾丸组织中的表达及其意义。　方法 :应用核酸原位杂交技术检测 4 7例男性不育症病人和 10例正常睾丸组织中端粒酶hTERT基因的表达和定位 ,并应用HPIAS 10 0 0高清晰度图像处理系统对hTERT阳性信号进行图像分析。　结果 :端粒酶hTERT基因阳性表达与生殖细胞 (精原细胞、精母细胞、精子细胞 )的分布定位一致 ,并且其表达强度与男性不育症病人睾丸组织中的生殖细胞的数量和密度显著相关 ,在唯Sertoli细胞综合征病人睾丸组织中无端粒酶hTERT基因的表达。　结论 :端粒酶活性的缺乏可能是生殖细胞发育停滞的原因之一     

睾丸移植物中支持细胞相关基因和蛋白表达的研究

目的 研究新生小鼠睾丸组织异体异位移植后,几种在睾丸支持细胞中起重要作用的基因和蛋白表达情况,为异体异位睾丸组织移植模型用于科研及临床的可行性提供进一步实验数据.方法 将162只1～2d昆明小鼠的睾丸移植到54只7～12周去势雄性免疫缺陷小鼠背部;在移植后9个时间段(3d和1～8周)取出移植物;选取4种在睾丸支持细胞中表达或高表达的基因abp、amh、vim和clu,采用聚合酶链反应,对发育不同阶段移植物中4种基因的表达情况进行分析,并与正常小鼠相应各年龄段睾丸中的基因表达相比较;同时采用免疫组织化学方法对支持细胞的GATA-4蛋白在移植物组织中的表达量及分布情况进行分析.结果 在9个时间段取出的移植物中,所测定4种基因的表达趋势与在正常小鼠睾丸中所见基本相同;免疫组化结果显示,4周和8周移植物支持细胞中GATA-4蛋白呈高表达,与在正常小鼠睾丸组织支持细胞中的表达基本一致.结论 新生小鼠睾丸组织异体异位移植到免疫缺陷小鼠体内后,支持细胞的发育在组织形态学以及几种受试基因的表达趋势和蛋白的表达情况与在正常小鼠中的表现基本相同.     

GATA-4在小鼠睾丸中的表达定位研究

目的:观察小鼠睾丸内GATA-4免疫反应产物的特征与分布。方法:选取刚出生、2、4、6周雄性B6SJLF1/J小鼠各6只,取睾丸进行石蜡切片,应用免疫组化ABC法,DAB显色,观察GATA-4在不同时期睾丸中的表达情况。结果:GATA-4免疫反应产物在以上4个阶段小鼠睾丸Sertoli细胞、Leydig细胞均有分布,且4、6周组小鼠睾丸Leydig细胞阳性率比刚出生和2周组小鼠更高(P<0.01);但4、6周组小鼠,除以上两种细胞外,生精细胞中也有分布,6周组小鼠比4周组小鼠阳性细胞率高(P<0.01)。结论:小鼠睾丸内存在GATA-4,为研究GATA-4在睾丸性别决定和分化以及激素调控方面提供了形态学依据。     

环氧化酶-2在正常成年大鼠睾丸中表达的研究

目的 检测环氧化酶-2(C0X-2)在大鼠睾丸组织中的表达情况，探讨COX-2在机体正常生殖机能中的作用机理。方法 采用免疫组织化学、RT-PCR和Western-blot方法检测5只正常成年大鼠睾丸组织中COX-2的表达。结果 RT-PCR和Western-blot方法证实COX-2在基因和蛋白质水平均有表达；免疫组织化学结果显示5只大鼠睾丸组织生精细胞中均有COX-2表达，其中初级精母细胞为强阳性，COX-2定位于曲细精管内的生精细胞。结论 正常成年大鼠睾丸的生精细胞中存在COX-2表达，COX-2可能与睾丸的精子生成过程有关。     

11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase types 1 and 2. in postnatal development of rat testis： gene express,on, localization and regulation by luteinizing hormone and androgens

11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 （11β-HSD1） and type 2 （11β-HSD2） are expressed in rat testis, where they regulate the local concentrations of glucocorticoids. Here, we investigated the expression and localization of 11β-HSD in rat testis during postnatal development, and the regulation of these genes by luteinizing hormone （LH） and androgens, mRNA and protein levels were analyzed by quantitative real-time-polymerase chain reaction and western blotting, respectively, in testes collected from rats at postnatal day （PND） 7, 14, 21, 35, and 90, and from rats treated with LH, 7α.methyl-19-nortestosterone （MENT） and testosterone at PND 21 and PND 90. Immunohistochemical staining was used to identify the localization of the 11β-HSD in rat testis at PND 7, 14, and 90. We found that 11β-HSD1 expression was restricted to the interstitial areas, and that its levels increased during rat testis development. In contrast, whereas 11β-HSD2 was expressed in both the interstitial areas and seminiferous tubules at PND 7, it was present only in the interstitial areas at PND 90, and its levels declined during testicular development. Moreover, 11β-HSD1 mRNA was induced by LH in both the PND 21 and 90 testes and by MENT at PND 21, whereas 11β-HSD2 mRNA was induced by testosterone and MENT in the PND 21 testis and by LH in the PND 90 testis. In conclusion, our study indicates that the 11β-HSD1 and 11β-HSD2 genes have distinct patterns of spatiotemporal expression and hormonal regulation during postnatal development of the rat testis.     

Comparison of gene expression of the oncogenic Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway components in the mouse and human epididymis

β-catenin is an integral part of the Wnt signaling pathway and has been linked to tumorigenesis and multiple developmental processes. The high β-catenin expression with low tumor incidence in the human epididymis is thus intriguing. In the present study, the β-catenin gene and protein was found to be highly expressed in the murine caput epididymidis, and the protein mainly localized along the lateral plasma membranes of adjacent epithelial cells throughout both human and mouse epididymides. Furthermore, the adult mouse epididymis was found to express almost all the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway genes that were determined previously by our group in the human organ. Despite the differences in epididymal structure, the similar location of β-catenin and the high concordance of this pathway''s components’ gene expression in both the adult human and mouse epididymides make the mouse a suitable animal model for studying the anti-tumor mechanism of the epididymis. In addition, both the mRNA and protein expression of β-catenin shared a similar spatial expression as the mRNA of Ros1, a proto-oncogene and a key developmental regulator of the initial segment of the mouse epididymis. The observations on the parallel temporal expression of β-catenin and Ros1 during postnatal development raise the possibility that the canonical Wnt signaling pathway has an additional role in the postnatal development of mouse epididymis.     

Age-dependent expression of the cystatin-related epididymal spermatogenic （Cres） gene in mouse testis and epididymis

Aim： To investigate the spatial and temporal expression of the cystatin-related epididymal spermatogenic （Cres） gene in mouse testis and epididymis during postnatal development. Methods： The QuantiGene assay and indirect immunofluorescence technique were used to examine the Cres mRNA and Cres protein level in mouse testis and epididymis on postnatal days 14, 20, 22, 28, 35, 49, 70 and 420. Results： （1） In both the testis and epididymis, Cres mRNA was fast detected on day 20, then it increased gradually from day 20 to day 70, and the high expression level maintained till day 420. （2） In the testis, the Cres protein was exclusively localized to the elongating spermatids and was first detected on day 22. The number of Cres-positive spermatids increased progressively till day 49. From day 49 to day 420, the number of Cres-positive cells was almost stable. （3） The Cres protein was first detected on day 20 in the proximal caput epididymal epithelium. By day 35, the expression level of the Cres protein increased dramatically and the high level was maintained till day 420. Moreover, the luminal fluid of the midcaput epididymis was also stained Cres-positive from day 35 on. No Cres-positive staining was observed in distal caput, corpus and cauda epididymis throughout. Conclusion： The Cres gene displays a specific age-dependent expression pattern in mouse testis and epididymis on both the mRNA and protein level.     

Characterization of membrane occupation and recognition nexus repeat containing 3, meiosis expressed gene 1 binding partner,in mouse male germ cells

Mammalian spermatogenesis is a well-organized process of cell development and differentiation. Meiosis expressed gene 1 (MEIG1) plays an essential role in the regulation of spermiogenesis. To explore potential mechanisms of MEIG1''s action, a yeast two-hybrid screen was conducted, and several potential binding partners were identified; one of them was membrane occupation and recognition nexus repeat containing 3 (MORN3). MORN3 mRNA is only abundant in mouse testis. In the testis, Morn3 mRNA is highly expressed in the spermiogenesis stage. Specific anti-MORN3 polyclonal antibody was generated against N-terminus of the full-length MORN3 protein, and MORN3 expression and localization was examined in vitro and in vivo. In transfected Chinese hamster ovary cells, the antibody specifically crossed-reacted the full-length MORN3 protein, and immunofluorescence staining revealed that MORN3 was localized throughout the cytoplasm. Among multiple mouse tissues, about 25 kDa protein, was identified only in the testis. The protein was highly expressed after day 20 of birth. Immunofluorescence staining on mixed testicular cells isolated from adult wild-type mice demonstrated that MORN3 was expressed in the acrosome in germ cells throughout spermiogenesis. The protein was also present in the manchette of elongating spermatids. The total MORN3 expression and acrosome localization were not changed in the Meig 1-deficient mice. However, its expression in manchette was dramatically reduced in the mutant mice. Our studies suggest that MORN3 is another regulator for spermatogenesis, probably together with MEIG1.     

睾丸特异性基因TSF22在小鼠中的表达研究

目的 筛选与精子发生相关的基因。方法 将4、9、18、35、54日龄和6月龄小鼠睾丸组织cDNA探针与Affymetrix全基因组芯片进行杂交，筛选出差异表达的基因。利用网络信息资源对该基因进行生物学信息分析。RT-PCR分析该基因在小鼠睾丸不同发育阶段及小鼠不同组织中的表达。结果 芯片结果分析筛选出一个差异表达杂交点（GenBank登录号：NM_199034），生物信息学分析发现该基因全长1597bp，含有570bp的完整ORF，编码190个氨基酸、分子量为22．106kDa的蛋白质，我们将其命名为TSF22。RT-PCR分析表明TSF22基因特异性表达于睾丸组织及18日龄小鼠睾丸中。结论 TSF22基因的表达与小鼠精子发生的过程一致，可能在精子发生中起重要作用。