射频消融治疗大肝癌的安全性和近期疗效

目的：探讨射频消融（RFA）治疗大肝癌的安全性和疗效。方法：采用可扩张的集束电极对不能耐受或无法手术切除的大肝癌患者进行RFA治疗。本组共治疗大肝癌患者43例，肿瘤直径5－10cm，平均7．5cm，其中8例于RFA治疗时间、次数和住院时间，RFA治疗后的并发症以及肿瘤完全坏死率，并随访患者的生存情况。结果：43例患者共行RFA治疗67次，每例1－3次，平均1．6次；每次治疗时间为55－150min，平均75min；住院时间3－15d，平均8．7d。RFA治疗的主要并发症包括电极板局部皮肤烧伤2例（4．7％），中到大量的胸腔积液3例（7．0％），总的发生率为11．6％；RFA治疗后6个月以上的CT复查，肿瘤完全坏死率为41．0％，AFP阳性的31例患者在RFA治疗后6－12个月内有3例转阴，5例明显下降。43例中有39例经12－18个月的随访，其1年生存率为69．2％。结论：RFA对大肝癌的治疗是一种微创、安全有效的方法。     

射频消融治疗肝血管瘤100例分析

目的 总结射频消融（radiofrequency ablation,RFA）治疗肝血管瘤的临床经验。方法 回顾性分析新疆军区总医院2013年3月至2017年10月采用RFA治疗的100例共101个肝血管瘤结节的病例资料。对RFA治疗前后最大瘤体直径的变化及治疗后出血、血尿、肾功能损害等并发症情况进行统计分析。结果 101个结节中88个结节经RFA后完全毁损,完全毁损率87.1%;其中直径≤4 cm的血管瘤完全消融率92.1%（35/38）,直径＞4 cm的血管瘤完全消融率84.1%（53/63）。RFA术后1个月所有瘤体平均直径由从术前的（4.2±1.8） （2～11）cm降为术后的（2.1±1.8） （0～6）cm,差异有统计学意义（P=0.03）。一个血管瘤治疗前直径为11 cm,经RFA治疗后缩小54.5%。术后52%（52/100）的患者出现发热,体温37.5～38.5 ℃,物理降温后体温均可正常。未经抗生素处理,术后3～5 d后均未出现发热,未出现术后严重并发症。结论 射频消融治疗肝血管瘤安全、有效,特别是对于瘤体较小的血管瘤效果更明显。需要注意的是应该根据血管瘤的大小、局部毗邻关系及分布特点采用个体化的射频治疗方式。     

射频消融治疗复发性肝癌的应用价值

目的：评价经皮射频消融术（RFA）治疗复发性肝癌的疗效及安全性。
　　方法：回顾性分析2008年5月—2014年3月期间79例行经皮RFA治疗的肝癌复发患者临床资料,79例患者复发病灶共106个,病灶大小0.8~5.0cm,平均（2.8±1.0）cm。
　　结果：消融治疗成功率为98.1%,肿瘤完全消融率94.2%。术后常见不良反应为发热（72.7%）、肝区疼痛（90.9%）、胃肠道症状（20.8%）、黄疸（6.5%）,无肝功能衰竭、胆瘘、感染、出血等严重并发症,无围手术期死亡病例。术后住院时间1~5d,平均（2.2±1.0）d。术后随访7~64个月,平均（38±14）个月,54例出现复发,复发率70.1%。术后1、3年生存率分别为89.6%、66.2%。
　　结论：经皮RFA治疗复发性小肝癌是一种安全有效的微创治疗方法,可优先考虑作为该病治疗的术式选择。     

经皮与开腹射频治疗肝癌的合理选择

目的：探讨射频（RFA）治疗肝癌不同途径的合理选用。方法：41例肝癌病人分为2组进行经皮射频（PRFA）治疗和开腹射频（IRFA）治疗,并对结果进行比较。结果：PRFA治疗18例病人共32个肿瘤结节,IRFA治疗23例病人共43个结节,PRFA和IRFA并发症率分别为33．3％和4．3％（P＜0．05）,随访平均10个月,PRFA组7个病灶复发（4个病人）,复发率21．9％（7／32）,而IRFA组仅1个结节复发,复发率2．3％（1／43,P＜0．025）,结论：RFA治疗肝癌途径的选用应根据病应位置,结节的大小和肝硬化程度等综合考虑而定,IRFA并发症少,治疗彻底,效果优于PRFA。     

原发性及转移性肝癌的射频治疗

目的：探讨射频（RFA）治疗肝癌的疗效及安全性,方法：对前瞻性非随机性选择的102例肝癌病人射频治疗的临床资料进行分析。结果：102例病人共216个肿瘤,肿瘤直径1．5－14cm,平均4．9cm,原发性肝癌67例,其中＜5．0cm肝癌21例,继发性肝癌35例,超声引导下穿刺地RFA 43例,CT引导下的RFA 50例,腹腔镜下穿刺RFA 3例,开腹术中直视下RFA 6例,所有病例术后30d复查肝脏彩色多普勒;血流显像,见原肿瘤回声较术前增强,范围增大,肿瘤内血流明显减少或消失;CT见原肿瘤阴影密度降低,14例病人术后20－30d行FDG－PET显像,11例显示肝内原肿瘤部位呈放射性分布缺损区,3例病人见有部分肿瘤残留,其中2例经再次RFA后,残余肿瘤完全被杀灭,另1例病人由于年龄较大,即予残瘤内无水酒精注射,所有病人均获随访,随访时间3－18个月,除初期6例晚期转移性肝癌病人由于未有控制病情发展于术后1年内死亡外,其余病人现均存活,1年顾活率94．1％,结论：RFA是一种安全,有效,创伤小,耐受性好的治疗肝癌的新方法。     

单发直径≤3 cm肝肿瘤No-touch射频消融治疗的安全性及近期疗效分析(附50例报告)

目的探讨No-touch射频消融术(radiofrequency ablation,RFA)治疗直径≤3 cm单发肝肿瘤的安全性和疗效。方法 2015年9月至2017年6月采用cooltip电极对直径小于3 cm单发肝肿瘤50例病人进行No-touch RFA治疗。其中,治疗原发性肝癌49例(初发31例、复发18例),转移性肝癌1例。肿瘤平均直径1.8 cm,治疗前、后检查肝功能、增强CT扫描、磁共振检查、超声造影以及细针肝穿刺活检。观察RFA治疗时间、次数和术后住院时间,RFA治疗后的并发症以及肿瘤完全毁损率,并随访病人的生存情况。结果 50例病人共行No-touch RFA治疗51次,其中1例病人1个月内连续治疗2次。每例平均为1.02次;每次治疗时间平均为8.2 min;术后平均住院时间为3.2 d。Notouch RFA治疗后1个月内复查CT或磁共振,单次治疗后的肿瘤完全毁损率为98.0%,甲胎蛋白(AFP)阳性的22例病人在No-touch RFA治疗后6~12个月内有14例转阴,5例明显下降。50例病人随访时间从2015年9月开始至2017年6月止,其总体生存率为100%,术后总体无瘤生存率为90.0%(45/50)。结论 No-touch RFA对直径小于3 cm的单发肝肿瘤的治疗是一种微创、安全有效的方法。     

射频消融治疗原发性肝癌的疗效分析

目的观察经射频消融术（RFA）对原发性肝癌的毁损作用,探讨其适应证。方法在局麻下及B超或CT引导下,射频电极经皮穿刺入肝癌瘤体内,对其进行消融。结果41例患者的55个瘤体中：直径≤4cm的42个瘤体,39个获得完全毁损,毁损率为92．9％;直径为4—8cm的13个瘤体中7个瘤体获得完全毁损,毁损率为53．8％。无明显术后并发症发生。术后6个月、1年、2年及3年生存率分别为95．6％、88．5％、75．6％及65．7％。结论经皮肝穿刺射频消融术对直径≤4cm的原发性肝癌疗效可靠,是一种安全、有效治疗肝癌的方法。     

高渗盐水增效射频消融治疗肝癌的疗效

目的 探讨高渗盐水增效RFA治疗肝癌的效果和安全性.方法 回顾性分析南京医科大学第一附属医院2001年9月至2007年12月收治的42例原发性肝癌和转移性肝癌患者的临床资料.全组共48个肿瘤结节,直径为1.2～7.5 cm,在B超或CT引导下经皮穿刺或在开腹直视下将射频电极置于肿瘤内,同时置入20G的穿刺针,射频治疗过程中从穿刺针间断注入高渗盐水5～10 ml.随访3～79个月,术后定期行造影或CT检查动态监测RFA治疗效果.采用t检验比较治疗前后AFP水平,Kaplan-Meier生存曲线分析患者术后生存情况.结果 18例术前AFP阳性患者中有14例完全转为阴性,治疗前后比较差异有统计学意义(t=7.703,P<0.05).术后超声造影或CT检查显示肿瘤完全坏死率为94%(45/48),直径≤4.0 cm的肿瘤结节完全坏死.并发症发生率为5%(2/42),无手术死亡.患者1、2、3年生存率分别为9l%、85%、70%.结论 高渗盐水增效RFA治疗肝癌是一种安全、有效的方法.     

集束电极射频热凝治疗肝癌

目的：总结集束电极射频热凝治疗肝癌的效果及经验。方法：对经皮射频治疗或术中射频治疗不宜手术切除的肝癌102例的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果：用射频毁损102例患者195个肿瘤（肿瘤直径1．5－9．5cm，平均直径5．6cm），其中原发性肝癌80例，转移性肝癌20例。经皮和经手术进行射频毁损的患者数分别为77人（75．5％）和25人（24．5％）。未发生与治疗相关的严重并发症。随访3－24月，治疗后症状有改善，AFP阳性者治疗后转阴率70．3％（52／74），彩色B超示肿瘤血管消失或CT提示肿瘤凝固性坏死者达88．2％（90／102）。1年生存率为93．8％。结论：肝癌射频治疗是一种安全、疗效可靠的治疗方法。对于容易接近、不宜手术的小肝癌，可行经皮射频治疗。对于患有较大肿瘤、多病灶或肿瘤靠近肝内主要血管采用术中射频治疗。采用TACE或术中阻断入肝血流的方法有助于提高射频治疗的疗效。     

肝血管瘤的多途径射频消融治疗

目的探讨多途径射频消融治疗肝脏血管瘤的疗效和应用价值。方法在超声引导下经皮肝穿、腹腔镜下和开腹术中射频消融治疗肝脏血管瘤共116例,总结135个病灶,肿瘤平均直径为3．58（1．0～8．0）cm。结果经皮肝穿RFA共89例,平均治疗时间为43．3min。RFA后45例患者出现一过性发热（37．6～39．2℃）。67例ALT和AST升高（69～458,76—432IU／L）。无出血、胆漏等并发症发生。腹腔镜下射频8例,平均治疗时间为33．5min。LRFA后4例患者出现一过性发热（38．3—39．1℃）。全部病例ALT和AST升高（78—352,73～389IU／L）。术中射频19例,无明显相关并发症发生。92例（79．3％）得到随访,随访期现6—86个月,平均49个月。无任何远期并发症。92例患者中,病灶完全消失53例（57．6％）,缩小大于50％的24例（26．1％）,缩小小于50％的11例（12．0％）,缩小后再复发4例（4．3％）。结论对于中、小直径肝血管瘤,RFA疗效确切,且有微创、安全、简便、可靠的优点。     

Percutaneous ablation procedures in cirrhotic patients with hepatocellular carcinoma submitted to liver transplantation: Assessment of efficacy at explant analysis and of safety for tumor recurrence.

Aims of this retrospective study were to analyze the efficacy and safety of percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI) and radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in cirrhotic patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) submitted to orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). We studied 40 patients undergoing OLT in whom 46 HCC nodules had been treated with PEI (13 nodules), RFA (30 nodules), or PEI+RFA (3 nodules). Child-Turcotte-Pugh class was A in 18 cases, B in 18, and C in 4. The mean waiting time for OLT was 9.5 months. The effectiveness of ablation techniques was evaluated by histological examination of the explanted livers. Complete necrosis was found in 19 nodules (41.3%), partial or absent necrosis in 27 nodules (58.7%). Among the 30 nodules treated by RFA, 14 were completely necrotic (46.7%) and 16 demonstrated partial necrosis (53.3%). Considering the 13 neoplasms undergoing PEI, 3 nodules showed complete necrosis (23.1%), 6 partial necrosis (46.1%), and 4 absent necrosis (30.8%). The rate of complete necrosis was 53.1% for nodules smaller than 3 cm and 14.3% for larger lesions (P = 0.033) but increased to 61.9% when considering only the lesions smaller than 3 cm treated by RFA. During the follow up, HCC recurred in 3 patients treated by PEI. No cases of HCC recurrence at the abdominal wall level were recorded. Percutaneous ablation procedures are effective treatments in cirrhotic patients with HCC submitted to OLT and are not associated to an increased risk of tumor recurrence. RFA provides complete necrosis in most nodules smaller than 3 cm, and appears to be the best treatment option in these cases.     

腹腔镜结直肠癌切除术联合射频消融治疗肝转移癌

目的 探讨腹腔镜结直肠癌切除术+同期RFA治疗肝转移癌的临床价值.方法 2001年12月至2006年7月成都市第三人民医院对22例结直肠癌合并同时性肝转移的患者施行腹腔镜结直肠癌切除术+同期RFA治疗肝转移癌,术后通过增强CT检查评价消融灶固化效果.采用X2检验分析疗效.结果 本组22例患者中8例肝转移癌为多发,16例有合并症.对31个肝转移癌进行RFA治疗,未发生相关并发症;术后平均住院时间为(14±5)d,无手术死亡.5例因消融不完全进行重复RFA,4例消融灶复发(2例重复RFA);6例死亡(2例死于消融灶复发).消融灶复发率为18%(4/22),病死率为27%(6/22).肝转移癌直径≥2.0 cm者RFA后消融灶复发率高于直径＜2.0 cm者(x2=5.867,P＜0.05).结论 腹腔镜结直肠癌切除术+同期RFA治疗肝转移癌,为多发性肝转移癌、合并基础疾病、高龄、手术耐受差和肿瘤切除困难的结直肠癌患者提供了治疗的机会.     

Clinical short-term results of radiofrequency ablation in primary and secondary liver tumors.

BACKGROUND: Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is emerging as a new therapeutic method for management of solid tumors. We report here our experience in the use of this technique for management of primary and secondary unresectable liver cancers. METHODS: Thirty-five patients with liver cancers were considered not suitable for curative resection at presentation: 8 with primary hepatocellular carcinoma ([HCC] 6 HCC and 2 fibrolamellar); 27 with metastatic liver cancer (17 colorectal carcinoma and 10 others). They were treated either with radiofrequency heat ablation (Radionics Europe N.V., Wettdren, Belgium) alone percutaneously and/or intraoperatively or in conjunction with surgical resections. The quality of RFA was based on the subjective feeling of whether the tumor was completely destroyed or not. The effectiveness of RFA was assessed according to clinical findings, radiographic images, and tumor markers at follow-up. RESULTS: In 8 primary liver cases, 4 patients with a high level of alpha fetoprotein (AFP) benefited from the RFA with a 83.3% to 99.7% reduction of AFP. One with fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma died 2 months after an incomplete percutaneous RFA from recurrence. The rest all had stable disease at the time of follow-up (mean 10.4 months). In patients with colorectal liver metastases, there were 4 deaths: 1 patient died postoperatively on the 30th day from a severe chest infection having shown a considerable reduction of carcinoembryonic antigen level (CEA, 8 versus 36 microg/L); 3 died from local and systemic disease, 1 at 12 months and 2 at 1 month, having had an incomplete RFA. The others had stable disease at follow-up (mean 7.6 months). Five patients underwent liver resections successfully with the application of RFA for residual lesions in the remaining contralateral lobe. In 10 patients with other liver tumors, 7 patients had stable disease at follow-up (mean 13.4 months); 1 patient had evidence of local and systemic recurrence 10 months after surgical resections with the intraoperative RFA and 2 patients died of systemic recurrence of disease 3 and 6 months after RFA alone. Two patients had liver resections in conjunction with the intraoperative RFA. The mean follow-up in our series was 8.5 months. CONCLUSION: Radiofrequency heat ablation is useful as a primary treatment for unresectable liver cancers. The procedure can be used to treat the small residual tumor load in the contralateral lobe following liver resection in those considered unresectable at the first presentation. This new therapeutic strategy seems to increase surgical resectability in patients judged unresectable.     

射频辅助后腹腔镜下肾部分切除治疗肾肿瘤的临床应用

目的评价腹腔镜下射频消融辅助保留肾单位肾部分切除术治疗肾脏肿瘤的临床效果。方法自2008年3月~2009年12月期间,有10例患者采用了射频辅助腹腔镜下肾部分切除术治疗肾脏肿瘤。其中肾细胞癌6例（肿瘤直径2.0~4.5cm,平均2.3cm）,肾脏错构瘤4例（肿瘤直径3.5~6.0cm,平均4.2cm）。均经后腹腔镜途径先显露肿瘤然后射频,〈3cm的肿瘤射频1个周期（12min）,〉3cm的肿瘤行射频24~36min。射频消融后再沿肿瘤的边缘将肿瘤锐性切除,肿瘤基底采用电凝止血,出血明显的予以射频止血（2~4min）。结果 10例手术均获成功,无中转开放。手术时间63~95min（平均71min）,术中出血50~150mL（平均100mL）,无术后出血、无尿瘘、肾盂输尿管狭窄等并发症发生。术后住院3~5d（平均3.5d）,随访时间3~18个月（平均10个月）,尚未发现肿瘤局部复发或者远处转移。结论射频消融辅助后腹腔镜下保留肾单位肾部分切除术治疗肾肿瘤出血少,无需腹腔镜下缝合止血,明显缩短了手术时间。     

B超引导下射频热凝固治疗肝癌

目的：探讨B超引导下射频热凝固（RFA）治疗肝癌的及疗效。方法：B超引导下将多极射频针穿刺入瘤体,采用分区定点使凝固区在三维空间上完全覆盖并超出肿瘤边缘1cm。术后检测AFP,B超或CT或肝穿细胞学检查或肝动脉造影。结果：1月内复醒：AFP20例升高18例降至正常,B超或CT检查9例瘤体增大,8例无变化,其余缩小,6例肝穿1例瘤体边缘有活瘤细胞;8例肝动脉造影1例肝边缘和瘤内不同区域有散在血供3月复查：25例瘤体明显缩小。结论：RFA治疗只有方法得当,能有效灭活肿瘤。     

Percutaneous radiofrequency thermal ablation of primary and metastatic lung tumors.

OBJECTIVE: Primary lung cancer is the leading cause of death from cancer. For patients with inoperable lung cancer, percutaneous radiofrequency thermal ablation (RFA) under CT-guidance represents a minimally invasive treatment. It can also be applied in combination with radiation therapy and chemotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a period of 18 months, RFA under CT-guidance 27 ablations were applied on 22 patients, 14 patients with primary lung cancer and 8 patients with metastatic lung tumor. There were 15 men and 7 women ranging in age between 48 and 79 years. All patients were not surgical candidates either due to the advanced stage or due to comorbid diseases, while five denied surgery. The lesions' size was no bigger than 6 cm (range 1-6 cm) with an average of 3.8 cm. The diagnosis of all treated lesions was obtained with percutaneous biopsy under CT guidance. The procedure was performed under local anesthesia. RESULTS: There were no major complications observed, but a small pneumothorax and a minor hemoptysis in four cases, all conservatively treated. All patients were hospitalized for 24h. Follow-up was initially done in 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after RFA and it was accomplished by personal interview or by telephone call up to December 2005. Median progression free intervals were 26.4 months for primary lung cancer and 29.2 months for metastatic tumor. CONCLUSION: RFA is a minimally invasive technique that can be used as a palliative treatment in nonsurgical candidates with primary or metastatic lung tumor with a low morbidity and mortality.     

手助腹腔镜左肝大肝癌切除22例

目的探讨手助腹腔镜左肝大肝癌切除的可行性和安全性。方法对病变位于左肝的22例大肝癌病人,肝细胞癌19例,肝内胆管细胞癌2例,肝转移性鳞癌1例。采用手助腹腔镜行规则性左半肝或肝左外叶切除术。结果22例手助腹腔镜肝切除均获得成功,肝左外叶切除18例,左半肝切除4例,术中13例行肝门阻断,平均阻断时间15.5 min,平均手术时间为103.2 min,平均出血量106 ml,瘤体大小平均7.8 cm,切除的肝组织最长径平均10.2 cm,术后无严重并发症发生,术后平均进食时间为2.5 d,术后平均住院日为8 d。结论只要病例选择得当,手助腹腔镜左肝大肝癌切除是安全可行的。     

Laparoscopic radiofrequency ablation of hepatic cavernous hemangioma

BACKGROUND: Radiofrequency ablation (RFA), currently used extensively for liver tumors, also has been applied successfully to hepatic cavernous hemangioma (HCH) percutaneously. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of laparoscopic RFA for patients with HCHs. METHODS: Between March 2001 and March 2004, 27 patients with symptomatic and rapid-growth lesions were treated by laparoscopic RFA using the RF-2000 generator system. The treatment-related complications were observed. All the patients were followed up with helical computed tomography scans and ultrasonography at regular intervals to assess the therapeutic efficacy of laparoscopic RFA. RESULTS: This study assessed 9 men and 18 women with a mean age of 41.6 +/- 8.3 years. Three additional intrahepatic lesions missed preoperatively were found in three patients on intraoperative ultrasound. A total of 27 patients with 50 liver lesions were treated successfully with laparoscopic RFA. The mean maximum tumor diameter was 5.5 +/- 2.0 cm. The mean length of time for RFA per lesion was 20.7 +/- 11.9 min, and the mean blood loss was 134.4 +/- 88.9 ml. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed simultaneously for gallstones in 13 patients and for abutting of gallbladder from hemangioma in 2 patients. In addition, 3 patients also had a laparoscopic deroofing of simple hepatic cysts. Although postoperative low-grade fever and transient elevation of serum transaminase levels were observed in 13 patients, there were no complications related to laparoscopic RFA. During a median follow-up period of 21 months (range, 12-42 months), complete lesion necrosis was achieved for all the patients. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic RFA therapy is a safe, feasible, and effective treatment option for patients with symptomatic and rapid-growth HCHs located on the surface of the liver or adjacent to the gallbladder. Intraoperative ultrasonography is a useful adjunct for detecting additional liver lesions and offering more accurate targeting for RFA.