在肝癌介入治疗中联合应用Syngo Dyna CT、Inspace 3D重建技术与DSA的价值

目的探讨在肝癌TACE治疗中联合应用SyngoDynaCT及Inspace3D图像重建技术与DSA的价值。方法收集380例肝癌患者,其中原发性肝癌295例,转移性肝癌85例,均接受常规及旋转DSA,其中35例常规DSA示肿瘤血管重叠者接受DynaCT断层成像。结果295例原发性肝癌造影均显示为动脉供血,其中270例仅见肝固有动脉供血,25例可见其他变异动脉参与供血。35例接受DynaCT断层扫描,Inspace3D图像均可清晰显示肿瘤供血血管分支及走行。结论联合应用DynaCT断层成像及Inspace3D重建技术与DSA能够提高对肝癌小病灶及边缘性病灶的检出率,清晰显示纡曲血管与肿瘤的关系,在肝癌介入治疗中具有重要应用价值。     

C臂CT扫描用于TACE治疗肝细胞癌

目的探索C臂CT(CCT)扫描在TACE治疗肝细胞癌中的价值。方法对80例接受TACE治疗的肝细胞癌患者行CCT扫描。观察患者CCT图像检出肝内病灶的情况,并与DSA及治疗前其他影像学检查的检出情况进行比较;观察CCT图像对病灶异常供血动脉的显示情况,评价其对于TACE操作的指导作用。结果 80例患者中,CCT扫描检出病灶139个,其中4例患者较64排螺旋CT扫描共多检出5个病灶,2例患者较常规DSA检查共多检出2个病灶。TACE治疗前,77例患者CCT扫描显示131个病灶供血动脉清晰满意,其中28例(28/77,36.36%)为微导管超选择插管治疗提供了直接的帮助;发现4例患者肝癌病灶异常供血动脉,1例病灶供血动脉走行异常显示清楚。结论在应用TACE治疗肝细胞癌过程中,CCT扫描有助于检出肝内病灶、显示病灶供血动脉和动脉异常走行,对TACE操作具有非常重要的价值。     

多层螺旋CT仿真肝癌模型在介入治疗中的价值

目的 探讨多层螺旋CT仿真肝癌模型在介入治疗中的价值.方法 对42例原发性肝癌病人介入治疗前行螺旋CT增强扫描,利用选择性容积重建后处理技术建立仿真肝癌模型,观察仿真肝癌模型对肿瘤供血动脉、动静脉瘘和门脉癌栓的显示,并以此进行插管治疗,记录插管时间.结果 42例病人多层螺旋CT仿真肝癌模型和DSA对肝癌供血动脉及其走行的显示有很好的一致性,其中肝动脉解剖变异5例,膈动脉参与血供3例,胃左动脉参与血供2例,肋间动脉参与血供2例,肾上腺下动脉参与供血2例;多层螺旋CT仿真肝癌模型和DSA对肝动静脉瘘、门静脉癌栓的显示无差别(P>0.05);TACE插管时间较常规缩短.结论 多层螺旋CT仿真肝癌模型可清晰显示肿瘤血管及其走行,用于指导肝癌TACE治疗,可明显缩短插管和手术时间,获得较完全的栓塞,具有较大的临床价值.     

多层螺旋CT仿真肝癌模型在介入治疗中的价值

目的 探讨多层螺旋CT仿真肝癌模型在介入治疗中的价值.方法 对42例原发性肝癌病人介入治疗前行螺旋CT增强扫描,利用选择性容积重建后处理技术建立仿真肝癌模型,观察仿真肝癌模型对肿瘤供血动脉、动静脉瘘和门脉癌栓的显示,并以此进行插管治疗,记录插管时间.结果 42例病人多层螺旋CT仿真肝癌模型和DSA对肝癌供血动脉及其走行的显示有很好的一致性,其中肝动脉解剖变异5例,膈动脉参与血供3例,胃左动脉参与血供2例,肋间动脉参与血供2例,肾上腺下动脉参与供血2例;多层螺旋CT仿真肝癌模型和DSA对肝动静脉瘘、门静脉癌栓的显示无差别(P>0.05);TACE插管时间较常规缩短.结论 多层螺旋CT仿真肝癌模型可清晰显示肿瘤血管及其走行,用于指导肝癌TACE治疗,可明显缩短插管和手术时间,获得较完全的栓塞,具有较大的临床价值.     

多层螺旋CT仿真肝癌模型在介入治疗中的价值

目的 探讨多层螺旋CT仿真肝癌模型在介入治疗中的价值.方法 对42例原发性肝癌病人介入治疗前行螺旋CT增强扫描,利用选择性容积重建后处理技术建立仿真肝癌模型,观察仿真肝癌模型对肿瘤供血动脉、动静脉瘘和门脉癌栓的显示,并以此进行插管治疗,记录插管时间.结果 42例病人多层螺旋CT仿真肝癌模型和DSA对肝癌供血动脉及其走行的显示有很好的一致性,其中肝动脉解剖变异5例,膈动脉参与血供3例,胃左动脉参与血供2例,肋间动脉参与血供2例,肾上腺下动脉参与供血2例;多层螺旋CT仿真肝癌模型和DSA对肝动静脉瘘、门静脉癌栓的显示无差别(P>0.05);TACE插管时间较常规缩短.结论 多层螺旋CT仿真肝癌模型可清晰显示肿瘤血管及其走行,用于指导肝癌TACE治疗,可明显缩短插管和手术时间,获得较完全的栓塞,具有较大的临床价值.     

多层螺旋CT仿真肝癌模型在介入治疗中的价值

目的 探讨多层螺旋CT仿真肝癌模型在介入治疗中的价值.方法 对42例原发性肝癌病人介入治疗前行螺旋CT增强扫描,利用选择性容积重建后处理技术建立仿真肝癌模型,观察仿真肝癌模型对肿瘤供血动脉、动静脉瘘和门脉癌栓的显示,并以此进行插管治疗,记录插管时间.结果 42例病人多层螺旋CT仿真肝癌模型和DSA对肝癌供血动脉及其走行的显示有很好的一致性,其中肝动脉解剖变异5例,膈动脉参与血供3例,胃左动脉参与血供2例,肋间动脉参与血供2例,肾上腺下动脉参与供血2例;多层螺旋CT仿真肝癌模型和DSA对肝动静脉瘘、门静脉癌栓的显示无差别(P>0.05);TACE插管时间较常规缩短.结论 多层螺旋CT仿真肝癌模型可清晰显示肿瘤血管及其走行,用于指导肝癌TACE治疗,可明显缩短插管和手术时间,获得较完全的栓塞,具有较大的临床价值.     

多层螺旋CT仿真肝癌模型在介入治疗中的价值

目的 探讨多层螺旋CT仿真肝癌模型在介入治疗中的价值.方法 对42例原发性肝癌病人介入治疗前行螺旋CT增强扫描,利用选择性容积重建后处理技术建立仿真肝癌模型,观察仿真肝癌模型对肿瘤供血动脉、动静脉瘘和门脉癌栓的显示,并以此进行插管治疗,记录插管时间.结果 42例病人多层螺旋CT仿真肝癌模型和DSA对肝癌供血动脉及其走行的显示有很好的一致性,其中肝动脉解剖变异5例,膈动脉参与血供3例,胃左动脉参与血供2例,肋间动脉参与血供2例,肾上腺下动脉参与供血2例;多层螺旋CT仿真肝癌模型和DSA对肝动静脉瘘、门静脉癌栓的显示无差别(P>0.05);TACE插管时间较常规缩短.结论 多层螺旋CT仿真肝癌模型可清晰显示肿瘤血管及其走行,用于指导肝癌TACE治疗,可明显缩短插管和手术时间,获得较完全的栓塞,具有较大的临床价值.     

多层螺旋CT仿真肝癌模型在介入治疗中的价值

目的 探讨多层螺旋CT仿真肝癌模型在介入治疗中的价值.方法 对42例原发性肝癌病人介入治疗前行螺旋CT增强扫描,利用选择性容积重建后处理技术建立仿真肝癌模型,观察仿真肝癌模型对肿瘤供血动脉、动静脉瘘和门脉癌栓的显示,并以此进行插管治疗,记录插管时间.结果 42例病人多层螺旋CT仿真肝癌模型和DSA对肝癌供血动脉及其走行的显示有很好的一致性,其中肝动脉解剖变异5例,膈动脉参与血供3例,胃左动脉参与血供2例,肋间动脉参与血供2例,肾上腺下动脉参与供血2例;多层螺旋CT仿真肝癌模型和DSA对肝动静脉瘘、门静脉癌栓的显示无差别(P>0.05);TACE插管时间较常规缩短.结论 多层螺旋CT仿真肝癌模型可清晰显示肿瘤血管及其走行,用于指导肝癌TACE治疗,可明显缩短插管和手术时间,获得较完全的栓塞,具有较大的临床价值.     

多层螺旋CT仿真肝癌模型在介入治疗中的价值

目的 探讨多层螺旋CT仿真肝癌模型在介入治疗中的价值.方法 对42例原发性肝癌病人介入治疗前行螺旋CT增强扫描,利用选择性容积重建后处理技术建立仿真肝癌模型,观察仿真肝癌模型对肿瘤供血动脉、动静脉瘘和门脉癌栓的显示,并以此进行插管治疗,记录插管时间.结果 42例病人多层螺旋CT仿真肝癌模型和DSA对肝癌供血动脉及其走行的显示有很好的一致性,其中肝动脉解剖变异5例,膈动脉参与血供3例,胃左动脉参与血供2例,肋间动脉参与血供2例,肾上腺下动脉参与供血2例;多层螺旋CT仿真肝癌模型和DSA对肝动静脉瘘、门静脉癌栓的显示无差别(P>0.05);TACE插管时间较常规缩短.结论 多层螺旋CT仿真肝癌模型可清晰显示肿瘤血管及其走行,用于指导肝癌TACE治疗,可明显缩短插管和手术时间,获得较完全的栓塞,具有较大的临床价值.     

多层螺旋CT仿真肝癌模型在介入治疗中的价值

目的 探讨多层螺旋CT仿真肝癌模型在介入治疗中的价值.方法 对42例原发性肝癌病人介入治疗前行螺旋CT增强扫描,利用选择性容积重建后处理技术建立仿真肝癌模型,观察仿真肝癌模型对肿瘤供血动脉、动静脉瘘和门脉癌栓的显示,并以此进行插管治疗,记录插管时间.结果 42例病人多层螺旋CT仿真肝癌模型和DSA对肝癌供血动脉及其走行的显示有很好的一致性,其中肝动脉解剖变异5例,膈动脉参与血供3例,胃左动脉参与血供2例,肋间动脉参与血供2例,肾上腺下动脉参与供血2例;多层螺旋CT仿真肝癌模型和DSA对肝动静脉瘘、门静脉癌栓的显示无差别(P>0.05);TACE插管时间较常规缩短.结论 多层螺旋CT仿真肝癌模型可清晰显示肿瘤血管及其走行,用于指导肝癌TACE治疗,可明显缩短插管和手术时间,获得较完全的栓塞,具有较大的临床价值.     

Digital anaesthesia: comparison of the efficacy and pain associated with three digital nerve block techniques

There are three commonly used methods of digital block anaesthesia: viz. subcutaneous, metacarpal and transthecal. A randomized, single-blinded study on 50 healthy volunteers was performed to determine time to onset, pain level and preference. Volunteers each received all three blocks, serving as their own controls. Time to onset was significantly longer (P<0.001) for the metacarpal block than for the subcutaneous or transthecal blocks. There was no significant difference in average pain level between the methods, as measured on a scale from 1 to 10. Volunteers chose the subcutaneous block (43%) as their first choice over the metacarpal block (33%) or the transthecal block (25%). The transthecal block had prolonged discomfort lasting 24 to 72 hours after injection in 20 subjects (40%). These findings suggest that subcutaneous block is effective and preferred by healthy volunteers for digital anaesthesia.     

指背血管的应用解剖

为探讨指背旗形皮瓣的血供方式,对20只成人手标本行细致的解剖学观测。结果:①手指背侧的皮肤主要由指掌侧固有动脉的背侧分支供应,指背动脉短小,只参与指背近节皮肤的血液供应。②手指背侧的静脉系统丰富,常吻合成网,在远侧、近侧指间关节及近节指中份形成第一、二、三级静脉弓。③第三级静脉弓粗大,近侧弯向指根部形成桡、尺侧指背静脉干,注入手背静脉网。④桡、尺侧静脉干之间的区域,几乎无静脉可见,可称为指背的“乏静脉区”。⑤静脉干至指中轴线的距离,在指背近节中份平面为4.1±0.1mm,掌指关节平面为5.2±0.2mm。由此对指背旗形皮瓣的解剖特点、设计原则及存活机理做了阐述。     

指掌侧固有动脉逆行岛状皮瓣修复指端缺损

目的探讨指掌侧固有动脉逆行岛状皮瓣修复指端缺损的临床效果.方法2002～2004年应用指掌侧固有动脉逆行岛状皮瓣修复8例指端缺损.结果8例皮瓣均存活,术后经12～24个月随访,外形满意,效果良好.结论指掌侧固有动脉逆行岛状皮瓣是修复指端缺损的一种可行方法.     

Reconstruction of a soft tissue defect in the finger using the heterodigital neurocutaneous island flap

Background

This article describes reconstruction of a soft tissue defect in the finger using the heterodigital neurocutaneous island flap and reports the results of the use of the flap.

Methods

From February of 2008 to March of 2011, the neurocutaneous island flap was used in 12 patients with soft tissue defects in the middle phalanx or the proximal interphalangeal joint, or both. The injured fingers included 4 index, 3 middle, 3 ring and 2 little fingers. The donor fingers included 7 middle fingers and 5 ring fingers. The mean size of soft tissue defects and the flaps was 2.4 cm × 1.8 cm and 2.7 cm × 2.0 cm, respectively. The mean pedicle length was 2.8 cm.

Results

Full flap survival was achieved in 11 cases. Partial distal flap necrosis was noted in one case, which healed without surgical intervention. At a mean follow-up of 22 months, the mean static 2-point discrimination and Semmes-Weinstein monofilament scores on the flap were 8.3 mm and 3.94, respectively. Based on the modified American Society for Surgery of the Hand guidelines for stratification of 2-point discrimination, 10 (83%) of 12 flaps achieved good results. According to the Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire, 5 patients were strongly satisfied and 7 were satisfied with functional recovery of the reconstructed finger.

Conclusions

The neurocutaneous island flap of the dorsal branch of the digital nerve is useful, reliable, and technically easy for reconstructing a defect in the adjacent fingers, especially when sensory reconstruction is needed.     

Bilaterally innervated dorsal digital flap for sensory reconstruction of digits

BackgroundProviding sensory coverage in digits continues to be a challenging problem. This study reports the sensory reconstruction of digits with bilaterally innervated dorsal digital flaps and compares the results between dual- and single-innervated flaps.MethodsOver 7 years, a retrospective study was conducted with 73 patients who had soft-tissue defect of the digit treated with the bilaterally innervated dorsal digital flap. There were 73 soft-tissue defects in 73 digits. The size of the defects ranged from 1.8 to 2.7 cm in length (mean, 2.2 cm) and from 1.6 to 2.2 cm in width (mean, 1.9 cm). The bilateral dorsal branches of the digital nerves were attached with the flap for the sensory reconstruction of digits. Reconstructive techniques included the cross-finger flap in 35 cases, the dorsal digital island flap in 24 cases, and the dorsal digital free flap in 14 cases. To objectively evaluate the efficacy of the bilaterally innervated flaps, we selected a comparison group that included 42 patients treated with the single-innervated flap.ResultsA significant difference was found between the dual- and single-innervated flaps in two-point discrimination, pain, Tinel's sign, and patient satisfaction results. By comparison, the dual-innervated flap presented better discriminatory sensation on the flap, lower incidence of pain and Tinel's sign, and a larger degree of satisfaction than the single-innervated flap. Of the dual-innervated flap group, the mean joint motion of the donor finger was similar to that of the opposite side.ConclusionsThe bilaterally innervated dorsal digital flap is a reliable alternative for the sensory reconstruction of digits. Performing double neurorrhaphies can improve flap sensation and reduce digital neuroma incidence when reconstructing a soft-tissue defect associated with both transected digital nerves.     

指背血管的应用解剖

为探讨指背旗形皮瓣的血供方式，对２０只成人手标本行细致的解剖学观测。结果：①手指背侧的皮肤主要由指掌侧固有动脉的背侧分支供应，指背动脉短小，只参与指背近节皮肤的血液供应。②手指背侧的静脉系统丰富，常吻合成网，在远侧、近侧指间关节及近节指中份形成第一、二、三级静脉弓。③第三级静脉弓粗大，近侧弯向指根部形成桡、尺侧指背静脉干，注入手背静脉网。④桡、尺侧静脉干之间的区域，几乎无静脉可见，可称为指背的“乏静脉区”。⑤静脉干至指中轴线的距离，在指背近节中份平面为４．１±０．１ｍｍ，掌指关节平面为５．２±０．２ｍｍ。由此对指背旗形皮瓣的解剖特点、设计原则及存活机理做了阐述     

Direct and reversed dorsal digital island flaps: A review of 65 cases

BackgroundReconstruction of soft tissue defects in fingers continues to be a challenging problem. The purpose of this study is to report the reconstruction of small-to-moderate defects of fingers with dorsal digital island flap (DDIF) and to evaluate the efficacy of use of the flap.MethodsOver last six years, a retrospective study was conducted with 65 patients who had soft tissue defects of fingers treated with the DDIF. Sixty-nine soft-tissue defects were found in 69 fingers in 65 patients. Based on the flow direction of blood supply, the patients were divided into two groups: the direct (n = 35) and reversed (n = 30) DDIF groups. In addition, based on the different donor sites, the direct DDIF group was divided into two subgroups: the proximal phalangeal direct DDIF subgroup (n = 16) and the extended pedicle direct DDIF subgroup (n = 19). The main outcomes were static 2-point discrimination and Semmes–Weinstein monofilament scores of flap and joint motion.ResultsAt the final follow-up, the mean static two-point discrimination of the flaps was 9.7 mm (range, 8 to 12 mm) in the proximal phalangeal direct DDIF subgroup and 8.3 mm (range, 7 to 11 mm) in the extended pedicle direct DDIF subgroup, with a significant difference (p = 0.005). In the direct DDIF group, there was no significant difference in total active motion between the donor fingers and the opposite sides. In the reversed DDIF group, the mean total active motion of the donor fingers was 170° and the data of the opposite sides was 181°, with a significant difference (p = 0.024). Maximum amplitude losses of 15° were seen in 12% of patients in the distal interphalangeal joint.ConclusionsThe DDIF is reliable and technically easy for reconstructing small-to-moderate defects of fingers. The extended pedicle direct DDIF may be an optional solution when sensory reconstruction is needed.     

A Novel Approach for Reconstruction of Finger Neurocutaneous Defect: A Sensory Reverse Dorsal Digital Artery Flap from the Neighboring Digit

Objective

Providing soft tissue coverage for finger neurocutaneous defects presents aesthetic and sensory challenges. A common source for reconstruction of soft tissue defects of the fingers is the same finger. However, when the donor areas are damaged by concomitant injuries, this option is not available. The present study aims to reconstruct finger neurocutaneous defects using a sensory reverse dorsal digital artery flap from the neighboring digit and to evaluate the efficacy of this technique.

Methods

The study included 16 patients, with an average age of 34.9 years (range, 20–53 years) at the time of surgery, from May 2010 to June 2013. The sensory reverse dorsal digital artery flap was used in all 16 patients, who had a combination of soft tissue and digital nerve defects. The mean size of the soft tissue defects was 3.1 cm × 2.0 cm, and the mean flap size was 3.3 cm × 2.2 cm. The length of the nerve defects ranged from 1.3 to 2.5 cm (mean, 2.0 cm), which were reconstructed with dorsal branches of the proper digital nerve transfer. The active motion of the fingers (injured and donor) and the flap sensibility (static two‐point discrimination) were measured. The appearance and functional recovery of the injured finger and the donor site were assessed using the Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire.

Results

All flaps survived completely. No complications were reported, and no further flap debulking procedure was required. At the mean follow‐up period of 24 months (range, 18–30 months), the mean static two‐point discrimination was 6.5 mm (range, 5–10 mm) of the reconstructed area; the mean ranges of motions of the injured finger and the opposite finger at the proximal interphalangeal and distal interphalangeal joints were 102.2° and 103.5°, and 70.3° and 76.5°, respectively. The average ranges of motions of the metacarpophalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joints of the donor fingers were 90° and 103.4°, respectively. Based on the Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire, 10 patients were strongly satisfied and 6 were satisfied with the functional recovery of the injured finger; however, 13 patients were strongly satisfied and 3 were satisfied with the appearance of the injured finger.

Conclusion

The sensory reverse dorsal digital artery flap from the neighboring digit, based on the dorsal branch of the digital artery, is an effective and additional option for finger neurocutaneous defect reconstruction when use of the local and regional flaps is not feasible.

     

Digital necrosis associated with squamous cell carcinoma of the tonsil

BACKGROUND: Digital necrosis is an uncommon paraneoplastic syndrome. Fewer than 50 cases have been sporadically reported through the literature over the last 30 years. CASE REPORT: We describe the unfortunate case of a 62-year-old woman with a locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the tonsil. She was admitted to the hospital for symptomatic hypercalcemia and was found to have metastatic disease. She subsequently had digital necrosis develop. Despite numerous attempts to control the rapidly progressive ischemia, little objective evidence of response was noted. Her primary disease did not respond to palliative radiation, and her general condition rapidly deteriorated. CONCLUSIONS: A review of the literature provided some insight into the possible etiology of this unique complication of malignancy. Unfortunately, the treatment options suggested were of limited value, because there was no discernible benefit with any directed treatment. A brief summary and discussion of the literature follows.