广东省梅州市饮水型氟中毒病区病情现状调查分析

目的掌握梅州市辖区内饮水型氟中毒的病情及改水降氟后效果，为防治饮水型氟中毒提供科学依据。方法梅州市的6个地氟病区县（市），采用普查和抽样调查相结合，对调查县（市）氟病区村8～12岁儿童氟斑牙采用Dean氏法检查，饮水氟、儿童尿氟均采用氟离子选择电极法进行检测。结果调查的6个县38个乡镇115个病区村中，儿童氟斑牙总患病率为21．99％，儿童尿氟几何均值为1．45mg／L，饮水氟范围为0．10～2．10mg／L。结论梅州市饮水型氟中毒病区的病情，通过改水降氟已经得到有效控制，但还有9个病区村的儿童氟斑牙患病率未达到控制病区标准；个别病区村的改水设施存在着管理不善问题。     

湖南省饮水型氟中毒病区改水降氟效果观察

湖南省饮水型氟中毒病区改水降氟效果观察郭先驰，王仁禹，吴景云，饶福根，徐明珠（湖南省卫生防疫站４１０００５）目前，饮水型氟中毒的有效预防措施是改用低氟饮水水源和降低饮水氟含量，我省于１９８５年以来，先后对全省９个县的２３个饮水型氟中毒病区村进行了改换...     

湖南省燃煤污染型氟中毒重点病区调查结果分析

目的 了解湖南省近20年燃煤污染型氟中毒流行规律及病区变化情况。方法 抽查3个重病区县（市），分别对病区村和非病区村的尿、水、食物氟含量测定，并进行儿童氟斑牙调查。结果 病区村8～12岁氟斑牙患病率66．36%，非病区氟斑牙患病率37．39％，辣椒样氟含量均值30．22mg／kg，尿氟含量中位数1．11mg／L（最大值为17．97mg／L）。7个原非病区中5个已构成病区村。结论 调查县燃煤污染型氟中毒病区病情流行较为严重，病区呈扩大之势，氟源除室内空气污染外，还与食物（特别是辣椒等）受污染有关。     

改水后儿童氟斑牙、尿氟变化的调查

为了解和总结广东省改水对地方性氟中毒的防疫效果,从１９９３￣１９９９年对丰顺县的轻病区（大寨村）、中病区（湖陂村）和重病区（安全村）的饮用水氟情况和８￣１２岁儿童氟斑牙率及尿氟、水氟进行了调查。结果显示：安全村改水后饮水氟含量稳定在１．０ｍｇ／Ｌ以下,８￣１２岁儿童氟斑牙检出率、中度以上氟斑牙检出率及氟斑牙指数呈逐年下降的的趋势,尿氟含量也保持在正常范围之内。相反,改水后湖陂、大寨２村的饮水氟很不     

2018年河南省饮水型地方性氟中毒流行状况调查分析

目的:了解河南省饮水型地方性氟中毒病区现状,为完善防控策略提供科学依据。方法:2018年,在河南省饮水型地方性氟中毒病区抽取10个县（区,简称县）,每个县按照轻、中、重病情程度分层抽取3个病区村作为调查点,共30个村。监测每个村改水工程运转情况、水氟含量、8~12岁儿童氟斑牙患病情况。结果:共监测30个病区村,全部为改...     

改水降氟控制地方性氟中毒六年效果分析

改水降氟控制地方性氟中毒六年效果分析王信东（山东省邹城市卫生局２７３５００）邹城市为山东省地方性氟中毒病区之一，全市有７６个村饮水含氟量超过国家规定标准。受害人口８万多人。为消除氟中毒病因，控制地方性氟中毒的发生，我们于１９８１年进行了大面积改水降氟...     

2018年青海省湟中、平安、乐都区饮水型地方性氟中毒病区改水防治效果评价

目的:了解青海省湟中、平安、乐都区饮水型地方性氟中毒（简称饮水型氟中毒）病区病情及改水降氟工程运转情况,评价控制措施效果。方法:2018年,在青海省湟中、平安、乐都区的历史饮水型氟中毒病区村进行改水状况、改水工程运转情况及水氟含量调查;对调查村所有8 ~ 12岁儿童进行氟斑牙检查;抽取3个区的3个病区村进行25岁以上成...     

2021—2022年天津市宁河区饮水型地方性氟中毒 监测结果分析

摘 要：目的：了解天津市宁河区饮水型氟中毒病区村水中氟含量及儿童氟斑牙患病情况，评价病区村饮水型氟中毒的 防治效果。方法：2021—2022年对宁河区41个病区村居民生活饮用水中的氟含量进行检测，同时对在41个病区村出生并居 住的8~12岁儿童氟斑牙患病情况进行普查。结果：2021—2022年41个病区村居民生活饮用水的水氟检测结果均为合格，其 中，2021和2022年分别有13个和18个病区村饮用水水氟检测结果和儿童氟斑牙患病率均达到国家控制标准，分别占全部病 区村的 31.7%和 43.9%。2021 年共对 6 638 名儿童进行了氟斑牙检查，检出氟斑牙儿童 3 164 人，儿童氟斑牙患病率为 47.7%；2022年共对6 733名儿童进行了氟斑牙检查，检出氟斑牙儿童2 715人，儿童氟斑牙患病率为40.3%。2021和2022年 病区村儿童氟斑牙患病程度比较，差异有统计学意义 （Z＝4.581，P＜0.01）。2021、2022年病区村氟斑牙指数分别为 0.91 和0.77，均为极轻度流行。结论：2021—2022年宁河区对饮水型氟中毒病区村开展改水除氟工程后，病区村水氟含量检测结 果均达到合格标准，儿童氟斑牙患病率明显降低，但仍存在儿童氟斑牙患病率偏高的情况，氟中毒防治形势依然比较严峻。     

天津市北辰区饮水型氟中毒改水监测结果分析

目的 动态观测天津市北辰区饮水型氟中毒改水情况和防治效果,为当地饮水型氟中毒防控工作提供科学依据和数据支持。方法 2017—2019年在天津市北辰区大张庄镇31个饮水型氟中毒病区村进行改水情况调查、饮用水氟浓度监测和8~12岁儿童氟斑牙患病情况诊断。结果 2017—2019年北辰区大张庄镇31个饮水型氟中毒病区村分别完成改水17、28和31个村（含拆迁村）,病区村水氟合格率分别为51.61%（16/31）、61.29%（19/31）、93.55%（29/31）,8~12岁儿童氟斑牙患病率分别为69.46%（571/822）、69.30%（596/860）、52.47%（500/953）,2019年氟斑牙患病率较2018年明显降低（P<0.01）。男、女童的氟斑牙总患病率分别为63.64%、62.91%,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。8~12岁儿童氟斑牙患病率分别为44.58%、56.32%、70.26%、75.20%和73.45%,氟斑牙指数分别为1.05、1.30、1.69、1.84、1.90,氟斑牙患病率和氟斑牙指数均随年龄降低而降低（均P<0.01）。结论 天津市北辰区饮水型氟中毒防治工作取得较大成效,但仍需进一步落实改水降氟措施,加强健康教育力度,最终消除饮水型氟中毒危害。     

2020年青岛市饮水型地方性氟中毒防治效果分析

目的:了解青岛市改水降氟工程运转和使用情况,掌握饮水型地方性氟中毒（简称地氟病）病区村水氟含量和儿童氟斑牙患病情况,评价防控效果。方法:2020年4 - 10月,对全市7个饮水型地氟病病区市（区）进行以村为单位的全覆盖监测,包括调查改水降氟工程运转和使用现状、检测病区村水氟含量及普查8 ~ 12岁儿童氟斑牙患病情况,并...     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.