2006～2010年安徽省疟疾流行时空分布特征

目的:分析2006～2010年安徽省疟疾流行的时空分布。方法:收集全国2006～2010年疟疾发病数据,对我国疟疾流行情况进行统计分析,并绘制全国疟疾发病地理分布图。对安徽省疟疾流行情况进行年发病和季节发病的统计分析。结果:2006～2010年安徽省疟疾累计发病83 553例,居全国首位,年均发病率27.32/10万。发病率从每年的5月份开始上升,6～10月达高峰,10月后开始下降。2006～2010年疟疾发病数在安徽省甲、乙类法定报告传染病总数的排名除2010年为第16位外,其余均为前10位;在自然疫源性及虫媒传染病报告总数的排名一直位居第一位。结论:2006～2010年安徽省疟疾发病呈逐年下降趋势,但仍居全国一、二位。疟疾是安徽省发病率最高的虫媒传染病,仍需加强防治工作。     

德宏州1951～2001年疟疾流行分布特征

目的:分析云南德宏州疟疾流行的空间、时间、人群分布规律，为疟疾防治工作提供科学决策依据。方法根据全州疟疾疫情资料，统计分析疟疾发病空间、时间、人群及在传染病中的分布特征。结果:1951～2001年全州各县、市疟疾发病386677例，平均发病率113．16／万，死亡835例，平均死亡率0．23／万，病死率0．22％，年际发病在建国初和革期间出现了两个流行高峰，发病率高达717．65／万和1128．28／万，6．11月发病数占76．04％，5．40岁发病数占83．32％，农民发病数占64．18％，男性发病数占64．42％，原虫种类为恶性疟占63．33％，间日疟占43．82％，三日疟和混合感染占1．85％。疟疾病例占全州传染病报告数的44．16％。结论:德宏州是云南省的高疟区。6～11月为流行高峰季节，5～40岁人群为高危人群，男性较女性发病率高，以农民为多发，在大流行年代恶性疟为主，疫情控制后以间日疟为主。流行强度与防治措施密切相关。     

梅州市2003-2007年乙类传染病疫情动态分析

目的探讨梅州市乙类传染病发生、流行与变动趋势，为传染病预防控制提供科学依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法分析梅州市2003—2007年乙类传染病流行及发病趋势。结果2003—2007年全市共报告乙类传染病16种42821例，年均发病率为187．45／10万；死亡病种6种163例，年均死亡率为0．71／10万。呼吸道传染病占发病总数的58．65％，年均发病率109．94／10万，居各类传染病发病第1位；血源及性传播传染病占发病总数的36．56％，年均发病率68．54／10万，居各类传染病发病第2位。年均发病率居前2位的是肺结核、病毒性肝炎。狂犬病是死亡人数最多的传染病，占死亡总数的63．80％。HIV感染率呈逐年上升趋势。结论今后梅州市传染病防治重点是加强肺结核、病毒性肝炎、狂犬病和HIV／AIDS等预防控制工作。     

广西2007年甲乙类自然疫源性和虫媒传染病分析

目的分析2007年广西壮族自治区甲乙类自然疫源性和虫媒传染病的流行特点，为预防控制工作提供依据。方法采用国家疾病监测系统对2007年广西传染病疫情报告数据进行统计分析。结果2007年广西甲乙类自然疫源性和和虫媒性传染病的发病人数为合计940例，发病率为1．9919／10万，病死率为55．43％；发病率排名前3位的疾病是：狂犬病1．0511／1077（496例）、乙脑0．5828／1077（275例）、疟疾0．1674／10万（79例）。结论广西甲乙类自然疫源性和虫媒性传染病在全国发病率较低，但是在高发季节和地区应做好监测工作；由于广西狂犬病发病率高，要重点做好防护工作。     

疟疾的防治

1．疟疾的流行概况1.1世界流行情况疟疾是重要的虫媒传染病，许多国家仍受疟疾东胁，每年发病人数为3亿～5亿，死亡人数150万～270万，主要由恶性疟所致［‘］，在热带非洲、东亚、大洋洲、亚马逊河地区，恶性疟是主要的，热带非洲发病人数及死亡人数最高。由于受厄尔尼诺现象的影响，导致玻利维亚、厄瓜多尔、秘鲁等地方的疟疾爆发流行［‘］。随着全球温度增高，疟疾在世界上有增多趋势。1．2我国流行情况在我国除北部和西北部大部分地区较少报告疟疾外，许多地区均发现有疟疾病人，但各地疼疾流行程度相差悬殊．海南和云南二省是全国最严…     

承德地区1962—1990年法定传染病流行情况

承德地区１９６２～１９９０年间法定传染病的发病率和死亡率呈明显下降趋势，但消化道和呼吸道传染病的发病率和死亡率仍较高，ＷＨＯ计免控制性传染病次之。病种发病率居首位的是麻疹和细菌性痢疾。死亡率居首位的是流脑、狂大病。病死率较高的是虫媒性和人畜共患性传染病，并有上升趋势，如人畜共患性传染病１９６２～１９６９年的０．４％上升到１９８０～１９９０年的９５．６１％。麻疹发病有向大年龄组推移的倾向，应引起重视。     

2001年粤桂琼滇四省(区)流动人口疟疾疫情分析

目的：总结流动人口疟疾联防管理经验，更好地促进疟疾联防工作。方法：将联防的广东、广西、海南、云南各省的联防市县2001年报表资料数据进行统计、分析。结果：粤桂琼滇四省(区)联防区疟疾发病人数共14282例；其中流动人口发病6494例。广东166例，年发病率0.12／万，流动人口发病占143例。广西12例，年发病率O．02/万，均为流动人口发病。海南4668例，年发病率5．91／万，流动人口发病占853例。云南9438例。年发病率2．34/万，流动人口发病占5486例。结论：广东、广西疟疾疫情平稳，疟疾年发病率与上一年基本持平。海南和云南疟疾发病率明显回升，应加大力度对流动人口进行疟疾监测，强化防范意识。     

西双版纳州2002-2007年甲乙类传染病疫情分析

目的掌握西双版纳州甲乙类传染病流行特征,为更好地制定防制策略提供依据。方法对西双版纳州2002～2007年甲乙类传染病疫情资料进行综合分析和描述。结果西双版纳州2002～2007年甲乙类传染病年均发病率492．94／10万,发病率居前5位的疾病是疟疾、伤寒、病毒性肝炎、肺结核和麻疹,占81．49％。流行特征为发病高峰期为5～10月份;年龄以15岁以下儿童和青壮年为主,职业以农民、学生和工人为主,分别占44．23％、11．67％和11．29％;虫媒及自然疫源性疾病、肠道传染病、呼吸道传染病和血源及性传播疾病的构成分别为28．10％、27．89％、22．80％和20．79％;突发公共卫生事件以传染病疫情和食物中毒为主,呈逐年上升趋势。结论2002-2007年西双版纳州甲乙类传染病发病率变化不大,西双版纳州的重点传染病除疟疾控制效果明显外,其它病种未发生根本性改变,均得到有效控制;肠道传染病的控制重点仍在广大农村;艾滋病防治形势严峻;计划免疫工作有待加强;加强疫情监测和预警,有效处置突发公共卫生事件。     

辽宁省白喉流行病学分析

白喉是由白喉杆菌引起的急性呼吸道传染病 ,严重危害少年儿童的身体健康及生命。现将白喉流行特征简要分析如下。1　资料来源辽宁省 1 95 0～ 2 0 0 0年疫情资料、省统计局人口资料等。2　结　果2 .1流行强度　我省白喉疫情 5 0年～ 6 0年代初的发病率处于较高水平 ,年均发病率达 9.5 2 / 1 0万 ,死亡率 0 .72 / 1 0万 ,病死率 6 .83% ,白喉发病占传染病发病顺序第七位。发病率、死亡率一般维持在 1 .0 1～ 5 1 .35 / 1 0万、0 .1 1～ 2 .96 / 1 0万 ,病死率在 5 .2 5 %～ 1 5 .71 %波动。 1 95 3、1 96 1年有两次发病高峰 ,持续 2～ 3年 ,…     

郑州市1970～2004年急性传染病流行趋势分析

目的对35年来郑州市传染病发病趋势进行分析，为卫生行政部门制定防制策略提供科学依据。方法收集全市历年传染病疫情报告资料，用描述流行病学的方法进行流行分析。结果1970～2004年全市传染病总报告发病率为455.12／10万；历年发病率波动在167．14／10万～3720.04／10万之间。20世纪80年代发病率呈直线下降趋势；90年代以来发病态势持续平稳。70年代以虫媒及自然疫源性传染病为主；80年代至90年代发病以肠道传染病为主；2000年以来传染病谱发生了明显变化，血源及性传播疾病发病率成倍上升，构成比占传染病发病总数的50．65％。肝炎、痢疾、肺结核、淋病、麻疹年均发病率2000年以来居各种传染病前5位。结论郑州市传染病自90年代以来发病率呈平稳态势。传染病谱构成由肠道传染病为主转为以血源及性传播疾病为主，提示郑州市应进一步加强血源及性传播疾病的防治工作力度。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.