正常甲状腺功能人群血清促甲状腺激素变化的五年随访研究

目的 探讨正常甲状腺功能者5年随访时促甲状腺激素(TSH)的异常率和影响这一人群TSH发生异常的因素.方法 3个不同碘营养背景的农村社区的3403例甲状腺功能正常者中,80.1%(2727例)接受了筛查后的5年随访,测定其血清TSH和甲状腺自身抗体水平.结果 随访对象中,68例(2.5%)TSH异常降低(<0.3 mU/L),64例(2.4%)TSH异常增高(>4.8 mU/L).logistic回归分析显示,初访时甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体(TPOAb)阴性而随访时阳性(OR=5.5)、初访和随访TPOAb均阳件(OR=4.0)、随访时甲状腺球蛋白抗体(TgAb)阳性(OR=3.7)和初访时TSH<1.0 mU/L(OR=2.6)是TSH异常降低的危险因素;而缺碘基础上补碘至碘足量(OR=4.8)、长期碘过量(OR=3.9)、随访时TgAb阳性(OR=3.7)、初访和随访TPOAb均阳性(OR=3.6)、初访时TPOAb阴性而随访时阳性(OR=2.7)和TSH>1.9 mU/L(OR=2.6)是TSH异常增高的危险因素.结论 与轻度碘缺乏相比,碘足量和碘过量足TSH由正常转为异常升高的危险因素,缺碘基础上补碘至碘足量导致TSH转为异常升高的危险性更高于长期碘过量.初访TSH处于1.0～1.9 mU/L时,5年随访时发生TSH异常的几率最小.     

产后甲状腺炎的前瞻性临床流行病学调查

目的　对产后甲状腺炎(PPT)进行大样本的流行病学调查。方法　610例辽宁省沈阳市产妇进入队列研究, 488例(80% )随访6个月以上。进入队列的产妇均在分娩前、产后3个月和6个月时留取空腹血清,应用固相免疫化学发光酶免法测定血清TSH、甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体(TPOAb)、甲状腺球蛋白抗体(TgAb)、游离T4 (FT4 )、游离T3 (FT3 )和甲状腺球蛋白(Tg),应用酶联免疫吸附法测定TSH受体抗体(TRAb)。同时进行体格检查和甲状腺B超检查。产后6个月内血清TSH异常的产妇继续接受产后9个月和12个月的随访。结果　488例产妇中发现58例PPT, 患病率为11. 88%, 其中临床PPT35例(7. 17% ),亚临床PPT23例(4. 71% );产后Graves病3例,患病率为0. 62%。年龄、孕产次数和新生儿性别对PPT的患病率无显著影响。临床PPT患者中单纯甲亢型占45. 7%,单纯甲减型占11. 4%,甲亢甲减期双相型占42. 9%,在产后12个月时仍有甲减者占8. 6%; 亚临床PPT患者中单纯亚临床甲亢型占65. 2%,单纯亚临床甲减型占34. 8%,无双相型表现。PPT患者的TPOAb阳性率显著高于非PPT产妇(P<0. 01);TPOAb阳性者PPT患病危险性显著高于TPOAb阴性者(RR=6. 76, 95%CI4. 42 ~10. 34);患者在产后6个月时TPOAb滴度达到高峰, 临床PPT患者的TPOAb滴度显著高于亚临床PPT患者(P<0. 01     

不同孕期孕妇甲状腺功能相关指标分析

目的 探讨不同孕期孕妇甲状腺激素水平变化及其与抗甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体(TPOAb)之间的关系.方法 377例不同孕期的孕妇,采用固相化学发光酶免疫分析法( ICMA)测定血清促甲状腺激素(TSH)、游离甲状腺激素(FT4)、游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT3)、总甲状腺素(TT4)、总三碘甲状腺原氨酸(TT3)、TPOAb.结果 正常组孕妇早、中、晚期TSH中位数依次上升(均P＜0.05).TPOAb阳性组TSH中位数高于TPOAb阴性组(P＜0.05),TPOAb阳性组中临床和亚临床甲状腺功能减退症(甲减)的患病率高于TPOAb阴性组(P＜0.05).采用FT4及TT4诊断法诊断亚临床甲减患病率分别为18.04％及23.61％;采用TT4及FT4诊断临床甲减的患病率分别为0.27％及5.84％( P＜0.05).结论 应当重视FT4和TT4在妊娠中晚期甲减诊断的差异;应建立孕期正常的甲状腺激素切点值并开展TPOAb的筛查.     

妊娠中晚期孕妇甲状腺功能异常和自身抗体筛查的研究

目的 研究妊娠中晚期孕妇甲状腺功能异常及自身抗体阳性的患病率,探讨在孕妇群体中进行甲状腺筛查的必要性.方法 研究对象为2006年6月至2008年2月期间在上海交通大学附属第一人民医院就诊的妊娠中晚期孕妇,以问卷调查方式采集病史资料,根据孕妇是否有甲状腺疾病既往史、家族史或其他相关疾病既往史,分为高甲状腺疾病风险组(高风险组)和低甲状腺疾病风险组(低风险组).对所有孕妇检测血清FT3、FT4、TSH、甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体(TPOAb)和促甲状腺激素受体抗体水平.结果 共筛查孕妇2 101名,发现有各种甲状腺功能异常或甲状腺抗体阳性712例(33.89％).高风险组孕妇中有较高比例的甲状腺功能异常,而低风险组1 983名孕妇中亦有2.27％(45例)诊断为甲状腺功能减退,11.60％(230例)为亚临床甲状腺功能减退,0.20％(4例)为甲状腺功能亢进,1.06％(21例)为亚临床甲状腺功能亢进,6.45％(128例)为低甲状腺素血症,10.74％(213例)甲状腺功能正常但TPOAb阳性.在TPOAb阳性孕妇中,甲状腺功能异常者更多见.其中79.74％甲状腺功能异常或TPOAb阳性孕妇经本次筛查发现.结论 妊娠中晚期孕妇中进行甲状腺筛查可发现33.89％孕妇存在甲状腺功能异常或TPOAb阳性,TPOAb阳性孕妇出现甲状腺功能异常的患病率增加.如果仅对高风险孕妇进行甲状腺筛查,则可能导致高达79.74％患者漏诊.     

初发甲状腺功能异常患者与血脂和肥胖的相关性

目的探讨初发甲状腺功能异常患者与血脂变化和肥胖的相关性。方法选取76例初发甲状腺功能减退症患者(甲减组)、45例初发甲状腺功能亢进症患者(甲亢组)和50例健康成人(对照组)。对甲减组患者服用左甲状腺素钠,甲亢组患者服用甲巯咪唑治疗6个月。测定治疗前后体重、身高、体重指数(BMI)、腰围(WC)、腰围/臀围比值(WHR)、血压、肝功以及血清中甲状腺功能〔游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT3)、游离甲状腺素(FT4)、促甲状腺激素(TSH)、甲状腺球蛋白抗体(TGAb)、甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体(TPOAb)〕、血脂〔甘油三酯(TC)、总胆固醇(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)〕的水平;并对各组及治疗前后进行比较与相关性分析。结果甲减组患者BMI、WC、WHR、TC、TG、LDL-C、TSH、TGAb、TPOAb水平显著高于对照组(P0.01),FT3、FT4水平显著低于对照组(P0.01);甲亢组患者BMI、WC、WHR、TC、TG、LDL-C、TSH水平显著低于对照组(P0.01),FT3、FT4、TGAb、TPOAb水平显著高于对照组(P0.01);甲状腺功能异常患者治疗前后相比BMI、WC、WHR、TC、TG、LDL-C、TSH、FT3、FT4相比差异显著(P0.01)。甲状腺功能异常患者WC、WHR与TPOAb具有显著相关性(P0.05)。结论甲状腺功能异常患者存在血脂代谢紊乱,甲状腺自身抗体与腹型肥胖存在关联。     

江苏高碘和适碘地区孕妇甲状腺疾病患病率的调查

目的 通过对江苏省高碘和适碘地区孕早期孕妇甲状腺疾病患病率的调查,初步建立不同水碘含量地区妊娠早期甲状腺疾病的流行病学数据库,为甲状腺疾病的有效防治提供依据.方法 选择徐州丰县和睢宁作为高碘和适碘地区,在两地抽取早孕妇女共439例,均为确认孕3月以内的当地常住妇女.设计并填写调查问卷,记录姓名、年龄、既往史、联系方式等一般资料,留取空腹静脉全血,现场离心血标本,分装血清,冰盒保存运输,实验室-86℃冰箱冷冻待检,以电化学发光法测定游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT3)、游离甲状腺素(FT4)、总甲状腺素(TT4)、促甲状腺激素(TSH)及甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体(TPOAb).调查问卷内容及检验结果全部录入Epidata数据库,筛除既往甲状腺疾病、肾脏疾病、心脏疾病、妊高症等对象后,对符合条件的396例对象之数据进行统计学分析.结果 396例调查孕妇中,有197例(49.7％)患甲状腺疾病,甲状腺功能亢进、亚临床甲亢、甲状腺功能减退、亚临床甲减、低T4血症和甲状腺自身免疫状态的患病率分别为0.5％、6.3％、3.3％、29.3％、9.3％和1.0％.其中,高碘地区孕妇的亚临床甲减患病率明显高于适碘地区,分别为32.4％和19.6％,其余类型甲状腺功能异常如甲减、甲亢、亚临床甲亢、低T4血症及甲状腺自身免疫状态的患病率均无差别.结论 江苏高碘与适碘地区孕妇甲状腺疾病谱以亚临床甲减、亚临床甲亢和低T4血症为主,高碘地区孕妇的亚临床甲减患病率高可能与碘摄入过量有关.     

不同血糖水平对甲状腺功能的影响研究

目的探讨不同血糖水平对甲状腺功能及甲状腺抗体的影响。方法按照排除及纳入标准,选取2018年2月至2019年12月辽宁省人民医院门诊及住院的患者985例。记录入选对象的家族史、疾病史等基本信息,检测空腹血糖(FPG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、血清游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT3)、血清游离甲状腺激素(FT4)、促甲状腺激素(TSH)、甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体(TPOAb)、甲状腺球蛋白抗体(TgAb)、血尿酸(UA)及2 h血糖(PPG),记录甲状腺彩超结果。根据HbA1c分成3组:Ⅰ组(HbA1c<6.5%)、Ⅱ组(6.5%≤HbA1c<9%)、Ⅲ组(HbA1c≥9%)。统计不同的HbA1c对甲状腺相关指标的影响及可能的相关因素。结果 (1)糖化血红蛋白越高,FT3越低,FT4越高。Ⅲ组TSH高于Ⅱ组。所有入选对象中甲状腺功能异常者共73例,占总体的7.41%,其中发生率最高的为亚临床甲减。Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组间的甲状腺功能异常发生率差异有统计学意义(P=0.000);(2)在线性回归模型中,血清FT3与HbA1c呈负相关(β=-0.150,P=0.006);(3)按照病程长短分为无D...     

不同碘摄入量地区甲状腺自身抗体的流行病学五年随访研究

目的 利用不同碘摄入量的3个农村社区甲状腺疾病的流行病学随访研究资料，探讨甲状腺功能正常人群甲状腺自身抗体发生和转归的规律和意义，以及环境因素碘对其的影响。方法 1999年本研究组对轻度碘缺乏、超足量碘摄入和过量碘摄人的盘山、彰武和黄骅3个社区进行了甲状腺疾病的流行病学研究，2004年再次对同一人群进行了随访研究，前后采用同样方法采血清测定TSH、甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体（TPPOAb）、甲状腺球蛋白抗体（TgAb）和甲状腺球蛋白（Tg）水平，采尿样测定尿碘浓度及行甲状腺B超检查。结果 （1）初访时TSH正常人群5年后TPOAb的阳性率在彰武社区较前升高，TgAb的阳性率在黄骅社区较前升高（均P〈0．05）。（2）初访时TSH正常但TPOAb或TgAb阳性者多维持抗体阳性，且抗体水平越高随访抗体阳性维持率越高。（3）随访发现1999年TPOAb和（或）TgAb阳性者较抗体阴性者更易发生甲状腺功能异常（P〈0．01），黄骅和彰武社区的抗体阳性者5年随访发生甲状腺功能减低的比率显著高于盘山社区，以黄骅社区最高（P〈0．05）。（4）彰武社区TPOAb阳性的5年累积发生率在3个社区中最高。黄骅社区TgAb阳性的5年累积发生率在3个社区中最高，与盘山相比差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论 甲状腺自身抗体阳性者发生甲状腺功能异常的比率显著高于抗体阴性者，而碘摄人量增加能增加抗体阳性者发生甲减的危险性。持续处于过量碘摄人状态使甲状腺自身抗体阳性的发生率增加。     

妊娠期妇女亚甲状腺功能减退症的10年后结局观察

目的 探讨和分析妊娠期亚临床甲状腺功能减退症(SCH)的妇女在10年后甲状腺功能的结局.方法 对241例妊娠期妇女进行前瞻性随访,随访时间为产后10年,以促甲状腺激素(TSH)、游离甲状腺激素(FT4)和抗甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体(TPOAb)为实验室诊断指标,分别采用阎氏妊娠期特异参考值范围和成人实验室标准诊断.结果 妊...     

亚临床甲状腺功能减退与糖尿病患者微血管并发症的相关性

目的研究亚临床状态甲状腺功能减退(SCH)与糖尿病微血管并发症的关系。方法 80例2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者中SCH患者40例(SCH组)和甲状腺功能正常者40例(对照组)。比较两组性别、年龄,吸烟饮酒史,糖尿病病程,体质量指数,血压,促甲状腺激素(TSH)、游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT3)、游离甲状腺素(FT4)、甲状腺过氧化物抗体(TPOAb)、甲状腺球蛋白抗体(TgAb)、血糖、血脂、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、糖尿病肾病(DN)、糖尿病视网膜病变(DR)、糖尿病周围神经病变(DP)情况。关联性分析采用Spearman相关分析,Logistic多因素分析。结果 SCH组TSH、TgAb、TPOAb明显高于对照组,FT4明显低于对照组(均P<0.05);Logistic回归多因素分析显示,经校正后DN、低FT4、高TSH、高Tg Ab、高TPOAb均为糖尿病微血管并发症发生的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论 SCH可促进糖尿病的进程,与糖尿病微血管并发症密切相关,提示有必要对T2DM患者定期进行甲状腺功能检查,以便及早诊断和干预,从而预防和延缓糖尿病并发症的发生和发展。     

Investigations of thyroid hormones and antibodies based on a community health survey: the Busselton thyroid study

OBJECTIVE: Overt or subclinical thyroid dysfunction is common within the community, yet the significance of subtle anomalies in thyroid function tests remains contentious. The aims of this study were to: (a) establish reference intervals for serum-free thyroxine (FT4), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroid antibodies (antithyroperoxidase, TPOAb and antithyroglobulin, TgAb) in the Busselton community of south-western Western Australia; and (b) determine the prevalence of thyroid hormone anomalies in this community. SUBJECTS AND DESIGN: In 1981, 2115 adults residing in Busselton participated in a cross-sectional health survey that involved blood collection and a questionnaire on lifestyle and general health history. MEASUREMENTS: Serum samples were analysed for FT4, TSH, TPOAb and TgAb by immunochemiluminescent assays. RESULTS: Based on standard statistical approaches and using guidelines recommended by the National Academy of Clinical Biochemistry (NACB), reference intervals were derived for each analyte: 9-23 pmol/l for FT4, 0.4-4.0 mIU/l (TSH), < 35 KIU/l (TPOAb) and < 55 KIU/l (TgAb). The prevalence of elevated thyroid antibodies was 12.4% among subjects without a history of thyroid disease and is more common in women than in men. Elevated thyroid antibody levels were observed at both extremes of TSH abnormality, but were more commonly increased when TSH levels were above 4.0 mIU/l (63% subjects) than for those with TSH levels 0.4-4.0 mIU/l (7.8% subjects). CONCLUSIONS: This study establishes the prevalence of antibodies to thyroperoxidase and thyroglobulin in a community-based sample and reference intervals for free T4 and TSH. When the NACB decision limits are applied to older men or women, there is a markedly increased number with 'elevated' autoantibody levels compared to sex- and age-specific reference intervals.     

Measurement of anti-thyroglobulin and anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies using highly sensitive radioimmunoassay: an effective method for detecting asymptomatic focal lymphocytic thyroiditis in the elderly

Subclinical thyroiditis or thyroid dysfunction is relatively common in the elderly. To estimate the effectiveness of measurement of serum levels of anti-thyroglobulin and anti-microsomal or thyroid peroxidase antibodies for detecting focal lymphocytic thyroiditis (FLT) in the elderly, we examined the relationships between antibody titer and postmortem histological finding of the thyroid gland in 180 consecutive autopsies (69 women and 111 men) over 60 years of age without any overt clinical thyroid or collagen diseases. FLT was found in 25 cases (13.9%) with female predominance (21.7% in female vs. 9.0% in male). Measurements of serum levels of anti-thyroglobulin and anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies by radioimmunoassay (TgAb and TPOAb, respectively) were compared with the measurements of anti-thyroglobulin and anti-microsomal antibodies by a hemagglutination technique (TGHA and MCHA, respectively), using sera from 25 patients with FLT and age- and sex-matched 51 patients without FLT. Among 25 cases with FLT, TgAb and TPOAb were positive in 17 (68%) and 12 (48%), respectively. There was a close relationship between degree of FLT and serum level of TgAb or TPOAb (P<0.0001). On the other hand, TGHA and MCHA were positive only in 8 (32%) and 10 (40%), respectively. TgAb and TPOAb were more sensitive than TGHA (68% vs. 32%, P<0.05) and MCHA (48% vs. 40%) to detect FLT. Positive findings in either TgAb or TPOAb significantly improved sensitivity (76%) compared with that of TGHA or MCHA (44%) (P<0.05). Specificities of combined measurements of TgAb and TPOAb (90%) were not significantly different from those of TGHA and MCHA (100%). These findings indicate that TgAb is a more sensitive method for detecting FLT and that its diagnostic sensitivity for FLT increases by using it in combination with TPOAb. Therefore, in the elderly without clinically or biochemically overt thyroid dysfunction, positive TgAb and/or TPOAb could imply presence of FLT, and their titers might reflect degree of inflammation.     

Antithyroperoxidase and antithyroglobulin antibodies in a five-year follow-up survey of populations with different iodine intakes

OBJECTIVE: In a follow-up study, we determined the prevalence, incidence, and natural course of positive antithyroperoxidase antibodies (TPOAbs) and antithyroglobulin antibodies (TgAbs) in the general population and examined the influences of iodine intake. DESIGN: The study was conducted in Panshan, Zhangwu, and Huanghua, regions with mildly deficient, more than adequate, and excessive iodine intake, respectively. Of the 3761 unselected subjects who were enrolled at baseline, 3018 participated in the 5-yr follow-up study. Serum TSH, TPOAb, and TgAb levels were measured. RESULTS: Among subjects in Panshan, Zhangwu, and Huanghua, the prevalence of positive TPOAbs was 11.23, 11.83 and 12.02%, respectively, whereas 11.23, 11.17, and 11.26% of subjects were TgAb positive, respectively. In the older population (> or =45 yr), TgAb-positive individuals were more frequent in Huanghua than Panshan and Zhangwu (P < 0.05). The 5-yr cumulative incidence of positive TPOAb was 2.08, 3.84, and 2.84% in Panshan, Zhangwu, and Huanghua, respectively, whereas 2.91, 3.64, and 5.07% of subjects were TgAb positive, respectively (P < 0.05), corresponding to the increase in iodine intake. Subjects who were TPOAb and/or TgAb positive at baseline developed thyroid dysfunctions more frequently than those without antibodies (14.44 vs. 3.31%, P < 0.01); their incidence of elevated TSH levels was 1.32, 8.46, and 15.38% in Panshan, Zhangwu, and Huanghua, respectively (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Subjects who were TPOAb and TgAb positive at baseline developed thyroid dysfunctions more frequently than seronegative subjects. High iodine intake was a risk factor for developing hypothyroidism in antibody-positive subjects. A constant exposure to excessive iodine intake increased the incidence of positive TgAb.     

原发性胆汁性胆管炎患者血清甲状腺激素水平和抗甲状腺抗体阳性率变化*

目的 探讨原发性胆汁性胆管炎(PBC)患者血清甲状腺激素水平和抗甲状腺抗体阳性率变化。方法 2018年1月～2020年1月我院收治的PBC患者94例,其中肝硬化50例(Child-Pugh A级29例,B级15例,C级6例)和胆管炎44例,另选择同期于我院健康体检者60名,采用化学发光免疫法测定血清游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT3)、游离甲状腺素(FT4)和促甲状腺激素(TSH)水平及血清甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体(TPOAb)和甲状腺球蛋白抗体(TGAb)。结果 胆管炎患者血清FT3、FT4和TSH水平分别为(2.4±0.5)ng/L、(1.4±0.2)ng/L和(8.9±2.3)ng/L,血清TPOAb和TGAb阳性率分别为77.3%和81.8%,肝硬化患者血清FT3、FT4和TSH水平分别为(1.9±0.3)ng/L、(1.0±0.1)ng/L和(19.7±4.9)ng/L,血清和TPOAb和TGAb阳性率分别为70.0%和64.0%,而健康人血清FT3、FT4和TSH水平分别为(2.8±0.8)ng/L、(1.8±0.3)ng/L和(3.4±1.2)ng/L,血清TPOAb和TGAb阳性率均为0.0%,肝硬化和胆管炎患者血清FT3和FT4水平显著低于,血清TSH水平显著高于健康人(P＜0.05),而肝硬化患者血清FT3和FT4水平显著低于,血清TSH水平显著高于胆管炎患者(P＜0.05),肝硬化和胆管炎患者血清TPOAb和TGAb阳性率比较,无统计学差异(P＞0.05);在肝硬化患者中,Child-Pugh A级患者血清FT3和FT4水平显著高于,血清TSH水平显著低于Child-Pugh B级或C级患者(P＜0.05),而Child-Pugh B级患者血清FT3和FT4水平显著高于,血清TSH水平显著低于Child-Pugh C级患者(P＜0.05),不同肝功能分级的肝硬化患者血清TPOAb和TGAb阳性率比较,无统计学差异(P＞0.05)。结论 原发性胆汁性肝硬化和胆管炎患者血清FT3、FT4和TSH水平显著不同于健康人,血清TPOAb和TGAb阳性率较高,其临床意义值得进一步观察和研究。     

National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)-thyroperoxidase antibody relationships demonstrate that TSH upper reference limits may be skewed by occult thyroid dysfunction

CONTEXT: The setting of the TSH upper reference limit impacts the diagnosis of mild hypothyroidism and is currently controversial. OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to evaluate factors influencing the TSH reference range. DESIGN: Nonpregnant subjects aged 12 yr and older from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III were used to study the relationships between TSH, thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAb), and thyroglobulin antibodies in different ethnic groups. RESULTS: TPOAb prevalence was lowest (<3%) when TSH was between 0.1 and 1.5 mIU/liter in women and between 0.1 and 2.0 mIU/liter in men and progressively increased to above 50% when TSH exceeded 20 mIU/liter. TSH reference range parameters (2.5th, 50th, and 97.5th percentiles) were analyzed according to thyroid antibody status, race/ethnicity, and age for the 14,202 subjects made up of non-Hispanic Blacks (B), non-Hispanic whites (W), and Mexican-Americans (M) who did not report thyroid disease or taking thyroid-altering medications and whose total T(4) was within the reference range. For each age group of each ethnicity, the inclusion of antibody-positive subjects increased TSH medians and upper limits (97.5th percentiles). The TSH upper limit was lower for the entire B cohort vs. W or M. However, this difference was lost when age cohorts with a similar prevalence of TPOAb (B age 40-49 yr vs. W and M age 20-29 yr) were compared. CONCLUSIONS: Ethnic differences in TSH were not present when populations with the same relative frequency of thyroid antibodies were compared. TSH upper reference limits may be skewed by TPOAb-negative individuals with occult autoimmune thyroid dysfunction.     

桥本甲状腺炎患者血管内皮功能受损与低度炎症反应的关系

目的 探讨低水平的炎症反应在血脂正常的桥本甲状腺炎(HT)患者血管内皮功能受损中的作用.方法 将58例HT患者,分为甲状腺功能正常组(甲功正常组)28例,亚临床甲状腺功能减退组(甲减组)30例,并有28例正常人(对照组)纳入本实验.空腹静脉取血检测甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、促甲状腺素(TSH)、游离甲状腺素(FT4)、游离三碘甲腺原氨酸(FT3)、甲状腺球蛋白抗体(TgAb)、甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体(TPOAb)、一氧化氮(NO)和超敏C-.反应蛋白(hs-CRP).结果 HT患者的甲功正常组、甲减组,分别与对照组比较,NO显著下降(P均＜0.01),而TgAb、TPOAb、hs-CRP则显著升高(P均＜0.01).HT患者中,甲功正常组与甲减组两两比较,NO、TgAb、TPOAb、hs-CRP均没有统计学差异(P均＞0.05).结论 血脂正常的HT患者存在血管内皮功能受损,可能是由于自身免疫异常的长期低水平的炎症反应,参与了HT患者的血管内皮功能损伤.     

Selenium supplementation in patients with autoimmune thyroiditis decreases thyroid peroxidase antibodies concentrations

In areas with severe selenium deficiency there is a higher incidence of thyroiditis due to a decreased activity of selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase activity within thyroid cells. Selenium-dependent enzymes also have several modifying effects on the immune system. Therefore, even mild selenium deficiency may contribute to the development and maintenance of autoimmune thyroid diseases. We performed a blinded, placebo-controlled, prospective study in female patients (n = 70; mean age, 47.5 +/- 0.7 yr) with autoimmune thyroiditis and thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAb) and/or Tg antibodies (TgAb) above 350 IU/ml. The primary end point of the study was the change in TPOAb concentrations. Secondary end points were changes in TgAb, TSH, and free thyroid hormone levels as well as ultrasound pattern of the thyroid and quality of life estimation. Patients were randomized into 2 age- and antibody (TPOAb)-matched groups; 36 patients received 200 microg (2.53 micromol) sodium selenite/d, orally, for 3 months, and 34 patients received placebo. All patients were substituted with L-T(4) to maintain TSH within the normal range. TPOAb, TgAb, TSH, and free thyroid hormones were determined by commercial assays. The echogenicity of the thyroid was monitored with high resolution ultrasound. The mean TPOAb concentration decreased significantly to 63.6% (P = 0.013) in the selenium group vs. 88% (P = 0.95) in the placebo group. A subgroup analysis of those patients with TPOAb greater than 1200 IU/ml revealed a mean 40% reduction in the selenium-treated patients compared with a 10% increase in TPOAb in the placebo group. TgAb concentrations were lower in the placebo group at the beginning of the study and significantly further decreased (P = 0.018), but were unchanged in the selenium group. Nine patients in the selenium-treated group had completely normalized antibody concentrations, in contrast to two patients in the placebo group (by chi(2) test, P = 0.01). Ultrasound of the thyroid showed normalized echogenicity in these patients. The mean TSH, free T(4), and free T(3) levels were unchanged in both groups. We conclude that selenium substitution may improve the inflammatory activity in patients with autoimmune thyroiditis, especially in those with high activity. Whether this effect is specific for autoimmune thyroiditis or may also be effective in other endocrine autoimmune diseases has yet to be investigated.     

Screening for thyroid disease of 15-17-year-old schoolchildren in an area with normal iodine intake

OBJECTIVE: The prevalence of thyroid disease in Swedish schoolchildren is today insufficiently known. The aim of the study was therefore to determine the prevalence of abnormal thyroid function and thyroid autoimmunity in teen-age schoolchildren and to compare the findings with a healthy control group of 60-65-year-old inhabitants from the same community. SETTING: A semirural community of approximately 15,000 inhabitants. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Thyroid volume and serum concentrations of serum thyrotropin (TSH), total and free thyroxine (T4), total and free 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3), and antithyroperoxidase antibodies (TPOAb). RESULTS: Four schoolchildren (7%, 59 screened) had elevated TPOAb concentration, three of the subjects being girls (8%). One girl with a goitre was overtly hypothyroid and one girl showed borderline-high serum TSH concentration suggesting subclinical autoimmune thyroid disease. One euthyroid boy had a goitre and high concentration of TPOAb. The serum free T3 concentration was significantly higher in 15-17-year-old than 60-65-year-old (7.4 vs. 6.4 pmol L(-1), P < 0.001). The concentrations of other thyroid hormones and of TSH in 15-17-year-old did not differ from those of the 60-65-year-old. CONCLUSIONS: We found three cases of thyroid disease in need of immediate attention or later follow-up. The prevalence of autoimmune thyroid disease was high as indicated from TPOAb measurements. Thyroid tests including TPOAb measurement should be performed on wide indications when teenagers seek medical advice. The reference intervals for teen-age children for commonly used first line tests (TSH and free T4) do not differ from those for adults.