青年冠心病患者的危险因素及冠脉造影特点分析

目的探讨青年冠心病患者的心血管危险因素及冠脉病变特点。方法对46例青年组（≤40岁）和227例老年组（≥65岁）冠心病患者的临床资料（包括冠脉造影）进行回顾性分析和比较。结果青年组吸烟、饮酒、肥胖、心血管病家族史者明显多于老年组（P〈0．01）；青年组冠脉病变多为单支，以轻中度局限病变为主，老年组冠脉病变多为多支，以重度弥漫病变多见，两组比较有统计学差异（P〈0．05）。结论吸烟、大量饮酒、肥胖、心血管病家族史是青年冠心病患者突出的危险因素，可促使其提早发生冠心病，应注意早期防治。     

青年与老年冠心病危险因素和冠状动脉造影比较分析

目的 :研究青年冠心病 (CHD)的危险因素 ,冠状动脉病变特点与老年CHD的区别。方法 :对青年 (≤ 4 5岁 )CHD179例和老年 (≥ 6 0岁 )CHD14 0例 ,青年非CHD10 9例的临床及冠状动脉造影资料进行回顾性分析和比较。结果 :青年CHD组吸烟、男性、血脂异常、心血管病家族史及大量饮酒明显多于老年组 (P <0 . 0 1或P <0 . 0 5 ) ,青年CHD组冠状动脉单支病变多 (P <0 . 0 5 ) ,老年组多支病变多 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,侧支循环多见于老年组。结论 :吸烟、男性、家族史、血脂异常及大量饮酒是青年CHD发病的重要因素 ,与超重也有关系。强调青年CHD的早期防治在于戒烟、限酒和控制体重     

40岁以下青年冠心病患者冠状动脉造影的特点及其危险因素的Logistic回归分析

目的探讨40岁以下青年男性冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(冠心病)患者冠状动脉造影的特点,并对其危险因素进行Logistic回归分析。方法回顾性分析湘西自治州人民医院2012年1月至2015年1月行冠状动脉造影的85例青年(40岁以下)冠心病患者的资料,与同期62例青年对照组和151例老年冠心病患者的资料进行对比,分析其冠状动脉病变特点,并应用病例对照研究方法,对青年和老年冠心病的危险因素进行Logistic回归分析。结果青年冠心病组以单支病变为主,占71.8%(61例),其中前降支占77.0%(47例),左主干病变仅占2.3%(2例);老年冠心病组以三支病变为主,占36.4%(55例),且左主干病变占8.6%(13例)。青年冠心病组危险因素的Logistic回归分析显示,冠心病家族史(OR=3.136,P=0.049,95%CI:1.00~9.80)、肥胖(OR=3.166,P=0.020,95%CI:1.20~8.34)、吸烟(OR=11.399,P=0.000,95%CI;3.95~32.87)、高胆固醇血症(OR=3.121,P=0.001,95%CI;1.60~6.07)是青年冠心病发病的独立危险因素。结论青年冠心病患者冠状动脉造影特点以单支病变为主,常累及前降支。青年冠心病发病的重要因素是冠心病家族史、肥胖、吸烟、高胆固醇血症。青年冠心病的防治在于积极控制体质量、戒烟和改善饮食结构。     

青年人急性心肌梗死危险因素及冠脉病变特点

目的 探讨青年人急性心肌梗死（AMI）患者危险因素、临床特点及冠脉病变特点.方法 对50例＜40岁AMI患者（青年组）及100例≥65岁AMI患者（老年组）的危险因素、临床特点及冠脉病变特点进行比较分析.结果 青年组主要危险因素有男性、吸烟、饮酒、冠心病家族史.青年组STEMI、有典型症状病例高于老年组,NSTEMI、有心绞痛病史病例少于老年组,发病至门急诊时间、门球时间、门针时间及住院期间死亡病例均低于老年组（P均＜0.05）.青年组单支病变及单支病变中左前降支、右冠状动脉病变,血栓病变高于老年组（P均＜0.05）;双支病变、多支病变及分叉病变等复杂病变低于老年组（P均＜0.05）.结论 青年人AMI患者常见的危险因素有男性、吸烟、饮酒、冠心病家族史;青年人AMI症状较老年患者典型,就诊时间早,冠脉复杂病变程度轻、血栓病变多.     

青年心肌梗死患者临床特点和住院期转归

目的评价青年心肌梗死患者临床特点、住院期间不良事件和病死率。方法入选我院2002年1月至2007年12月初发ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者614例,按照患者年龄分为青年组(23～44岁,96例)和老年组(60～74岁,518例),将两组临床特点(包括性别、年龄、吸烟、化验指标、并存疾患)、危险因素分布、住院并发症和病死率进行比较。结果 (1)青年组与老年组比较,早发心血管病家族史(13.0%比5.6%,P=0.021)、吸烟(82.3%比42.1%,P<0.001)、高三酰甘油血症(56.7%比34.9%,P<0.001)者比例均增高,女性(4.2%比34.4%,P<0.001)、脑血管病(1.1%比15.3%,P<0.001)、血肌酐[(93.7±8.8)μmol/L比(104.3±61.9)μmol/L,P<0.001]均减低,具有多重危险因素的患者比例(40.1%比29.0%,P<0.05)高于老年组;(2)冠状动脉造影显示,青年组以单支病变为主,多支病变的比例明显低于老年组;(3)青年组住院期间无心源性休克及死亡病例。结论吸烟和高脂血症是青年心肌梗死患者最常见的危险因素,青年心肌梗死患者冠状动脉病变较轻,短期预后较好。     

中青年与老年男性冠心病患者的临床特征比较

目的分析中青年和老年男性冠心病患者的临床特征及冠脉病变特点。方法将该院心血管科收治行冠脉造影的男性冠心病患者分为中青年组及老年组,比较两组冠心病危险因素及冠脉病变特点。结果中青年冠心病组患者心肌梗死、吸烟、阳性冠心病家族史比例明显高于老年冠心病组患者(P0.01)。老年冠心病组患者心绞痛、糖尿病、脑卒中比例明显高于中青年冠心病组患者(P0.05)。中青年冠心病组患者中甘油三酯水平高于老年组冠心病患者(P0.05)。老年组冠心病患者尿酸水平高于中青年组冠心病患者(P0.01)。中青年组冠状动脉病变主要为单支、局限性、低Gensini积分病变,老年组主要为多支、弥漫性、钙化性、长病变、高Gensini积分病变,两组比较有统计学意义(P0.01)。老年组侧支循环建立的比例高于中青年组(P0.01)。吸烟是中青年患者冠心病发生的独立险因素(P=0.012,回归系数β=1.379,OR=3.958,95%CI=1.35~11.42)。结论与中青年冠心病患者相比,老年冠心病患者中糖尿病、脑卒中比例较多。吸烟是中青年冠心病发生的独立危险因素。中青年患者以单支、局限性、低Gensini积分病变为主,老年患者以多支、弥漫性、钙化性、长病变、高Gensini积分病变为主。老年患者冠脉侧支循环建立较中青年冠心病患者丰富。     

青年男性急性心肌梗死的危险因素及介入治疗后1年随访分析

目的分析青年男性急性心肌梗死患者的临床危险因素,及接受冠状动脉介入治疗患者的1年期预后。方法纳入2008年1月至2012年1月在我院诊断为急性心肌梗死的男性患者727例,其中年龄≤40岁的急性心肌梗死患者322例,年龄≥60岁的急性心肌梗死患者405例,对比两组临床资料;对两组中行冠状动脉介入治疗的537例患者进行1年随访研究。结果青年组患者的吸烟、饮酒、肥胖、早发冠心病家族史比例及血三酰甘油、血浆纤维蛋白原水平高于老年组,apoA1水平低于老年组,差异有统计学意义(均为P<0.05),两组间糖尿病史比例、总胆固醇、HDL-C、LDL-C、apoB及尿酸水平差异无统计学意义(均为P>0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示,吸烟(P=0.008)、肥胖(P=0.013)、早发冠心病家族史(P=0.022)、高三酰甘油(P=0.021)是青年男性患AMI的独立危险因素。青年组PCI术后1年全因死亡率、复合MACE发生率、靶血管重建率、心力衰竭再住院发生率较老年组低(均为P<0.05)。结论 40岁以下青年男性急性心肌梗死的危险因素是吸烟、早发冠心病家族史、肥胖、高三酰甘油;青年男性急性心肌梗死患者行介入治疗1年随访预后良好。     

缺血性心脏病的临床及流行病学研究

目的探讨缺血性心脏病(CAD)患者的临床特点和流行特征并分析其危险因素,以提高预防、诊断和治疗冠心病的能力。方法对经冠脉造影(CAG)诊断为CAD的中青年(≤50岁)患者63例进行分析,并与同期收治的老年(≥60岁)冠心病患者52例进行对比。结果中青年CAD患者中男性95.24%,肥胖50.79%,高脂血症60.32%,饮酒者47.62%,吸烟者61.9%,有家族史者31.75%,CAG示冠脉单支病变者77.78%。其中男性比例、饮酒、吸烟及家族史均高于老年组,高血压病、糖尿病低于老年组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论中青年CAD患者以男性为多,饮酒、肥胖、高血脂、吸烟及家族史等均为其危险因素;具有起病急、有明确诱因、首发即为急性心肌梗死(AMI)、冠脉单支病变多、近期预后好等特点。     

老年冠心病患者介入治疗术后的预后因素分析

目的 探讨影响老年冠心病患者介入治疗后的预后因素. 方法 1981例经皮介入治疗后的冠心病患者被分为老年组(≥65岁)801例和对照组(非老年组,＜65岁)1180例.术后随访12～84个月(平均36个月). 结果 老年组全因死亡率明显高于对照组(5.4％和2.3％,P＜0.01);老年组的主要心血管不良事件(MACE)明显高于对照组(18.9％和3.7％,P＜0.01).影响介入治疗后死亡的因素为年龄65岁(OR=1.05,95％ CI=1.02～1.10,P=0.014),左主干病变(OR=4.78,95％ CI=2.36～17.22,P=0.027),冠状动脉3支病变(OR=5.68,95％ CI=3.17～15.32,P=0.018),合并糖尿病(OR=6.24,95％CI=2.11～16.36,P=0.001);影响介入治疗后主要心血管不良事件的因素为年龄65岁(OR=2.06,95％CI=2.23～4.32,P=0.007),左主干病变(OR=3.64,95％CI=1.86～15.34,P=0.001),冠状动脉3支病变(OR=4.35,95％CI=2.54～13.82,P=0.017),合并糖尿病(OR=5.35,95％ CI=1.77～14.51,P=0.001).性别和高血压不是影响总死亡率和主要心血管不良事件的因素. 结论 年龄、糖尿病、左主干病变、冠状动脉3支病变是影响老年冠心病患者介入治疗预后的主要因素,而性别和高血压对预后影响不明显.     

青年急性心肌梗死临床特征分析

目的探讨青年急性心肌梗死(Acute Myocardial Infarction,AMI)患者的临床特点,为青年AMI的防治提供依据。方法回顾性分析2018年1-12月期间我院AMI患者资料,分为青年组(≤40岁)和老年组(≥60岁),其中青年组107例,老年组163例,收集患者基线资料、冠脉造影资料和术后早期资料进行比较分析。结果青年组患者男性、大量吸烟、冠心病家族史、肥胖、酗酒和典型心绞痛症状的比例显著高于老年组(P0.05),老年组患者高血压和糖尿病的比例显著高于青年组患者(P0.05),而两组患者高脂血症和高尿酸血症的比例没有显著的统计学差异(P0.05)。青年组和老年组患者主要犯罪血管都是前降支(62.6%vs 51.5%,P0.05),青年组患者单支血管病变的比例显著高于老年组患者(72.9%vs 15.3%,P0.001),而老年组患者三支血管病变的比例显著高于青年组患者(49.7%vs 9.3%,P0.001),两组患者住院期间MACCE事件的发生率没有显著的统计学差异(P0.05)。结论青年AMI患者中以男性居多,危险因素主要以大量吸烟、冠心病家族史、酗酒和肥胖为主,大多数患者表现为典型的心绞痛症状,以单支病变为主。     

Provisional T-stenting and kissing balloon in the treatment of coronary bifurcation lesions: results of the French multicenter "TULIPE" study.

BACKGROUND: In previous prospective studies, a strategy of (a) stenting of the main branch, (b) provisional T-stenting of the side branch, and (c) final kissing balloon inflation, was associated with high success and low target lesion revascularization (TLR) rates on the long-term. OBJECTIVES: To examine the performance of this strategy in a multicenter study. METHODS: Consecutive patients were treated at 14 French medical centers for de novo coronary bifurcation lesions with the same technique used. Immediate results and clinically-driven TLR at 7 months were examined. RESULTS: The mean reference diameters of the main and side branches were 3.2 +/- 0.6 mm and 2.4 +/- 0.5 mm, respectively. The side branch was stented in 34% of patients. A <30% residual stenosis in the main branch was achieved in 99%, <50% in the side branch in 90%, and both in 89% of procedures. The in-hospital major adverse cardiovascular event were a Q-wave and 5 non-Qwaves MI (0.54% and 2.7%). At 7 months of follow-up, 3 patients (1.76%) had died, 1 suffered a non-Q-wave MI (0.59%), and 28 (15.88%) underwent TLR. By multivariate analysis, a lower left ventricular ejection fraction (OR: 0.934), moderate calcifications (OR: 7.86), and non-use of the "jailed" wire technique (OR: 4.26) were associated with reinterventions during follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: A strategy of provisional T-stenting with a tubular stent and final kissing balloon angioplasty for the treatment of coronary bifurcation lesions was safe and associated with a low TLR rate at 7 months. This strategy should be applicable to the new era of drug eluting stents.     

Grading the angiographic extent of collateral filling

Angiography frequently demonstrates a collateral circulation in severe coronary artery disease. An easily applicable method to quantify collateral flow might be a useful adjunct for the assessment of the hemodynamic effects of coronary artery disease. The purpose of this study was to validate a visual scaling of the extent of angiographic collateral filling by comparison with flowmeter- and microsphere-derived measurements of collateral flow. In 12 open-chest dogs, collaterals from the circumflex artery were angiographically visualized (n = 80) by creating acute critical left anterior descending artery occlusion. The extent of collateral filling was graded in four levels from 0 = no visible filling to 3 = complete epicardial filling. Collateral filling correlated with the change in flow of the collateral supplying circumflex artery (Q; r = 0.84) which was + 5.3 ±4.6% with grade 1, + 9.1 ±3.5% with grade 2 and + 14.6 ±4.7% with grade 3 (p < 0.01). In parallel, coronary flow reserve decreased from 4.1 ±0.8 with grade 0 to 2.9 ±0.2 with grade 3 (p < 0.01). Colored microspheres were injected subselectively into the circumflex artery of 9 dogs (45 injections). The ratio of microspheres counted in the collateralized myocardium of the left anterior descending artery to the total number injected increased from 0.6 ±0.9% for grade 0 to 17.1 ±2.8% with grade 3 (p < 0.01). Absolute collateral flow derived from microsphere counts averaged 5.5 ±0.9 ml/min with grade 3 and closely correlated with collateral filling grade (r = 0.88). Semiquantitative grading of angiographic collateral filling in response to acute coronary occlusion in a canine model correlates with an increase in collateral source artery flow, absolute collateral flow and a decrease in source artery flow reserve. These data suggest that this scale might be a simple but useful adjunct tool to assess the hemodynamic significance of a collateral circulation.This work was supported by a grant from the NLHBI 1 R01 HL40865. Dr. Schuhlen is the recipient of a grant from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (#Schu657/1-1 and 1–2).     

Embolization complicating coronary angioplasty in the presence of an intracoronary thrombus

Two cases of coronary occlusion and subsequent embolization during percutaneous coronary angioplasty (PTCA) are described. Prior to PTCA, angiographic evidence of intracoronary thrombus was present. Abrupt reclosure after dilation was treated by successful redilation. However, coronary embolization of thrombus debris occurred downstream in one patient and into an adjacent coronary branch in the second patient.     

非罪犯冠脉斑块研究的进展

加强冠心病的二级预防是目前防控急性冠脉综合征（ACS）的重要手段。本文对ACS与非罪犯冠脉斑块的关系作了综述。     

Is short-stay coronary angioplasty safe?

Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) is usually performed as an inpatient procedure and the patients are monitored for several days afterward. Over a 13-month period, in 91 of 373 PTCA procedures, the clinical condition of the patient did not necessitate inpatient status before PTCA. PTCA was done the day of admission and discharge planned the following. Overall hospital stay was planned as less than 24 hours. PTCA was done in one vessel in 62 patients, two vessels in 24, three vessels in 3, and four vessels in 2 patients. PTCA was initially successful (less than 50% residual stenosis) in 85 patients (93%). In one of these, acute occlusion occurred the next morning and urgent bypass surgery was done. PTCA failed in 6 patients who left the catheterization laboratory with unchanged coronary anatomy. Bypass surgery was performed that day in 2 patients, on another admission in 1 patient, and medical therapy continued in the other 3 patients. Of the 88 patients not receiving same admission bypass surgery, 84 (95%) were discharged in less than 24 h. Hospitalization was prolonged (1-5 days) in 4 patients. This was because of nonobstructive dissection treated with heparin for approximately 24 h in 2 patients; a catheterization site hematoma in 1 patient, and post-PTCA noncardiac chest pain in another. No patient had inhospital myocardial infarction or death. The only late complication was in a patient treated with heparin and monitored for 2 days; 3 weeks later angina returned and he died suddenly. These data suggest PTCA can safely be done in selected patients with both single and multivessel disease in a short stay inhospital setting.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

LAD-right ventricular fistula complicating PTCA: Another case

Coronary perforation caused by percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) occurs rarely and most often leads to communication to the pericardial space. We report a case where PTCA caused a coronary artery rupture and fistulization to the right ventricular outflow tract. Cathet. Cardiovasc. Diagn. 42:34–36, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Treatment of ruptured coronary aneurysm with a novel covered stent

Coronary artery aneurysms are relatively rare but have been diagnosed with increasing frequency since the advent of coronary arteriography. Their reported incidence varies from 1.5% to 5% with male dominance and a predilection for the right coronary artery (RCA), accounting for over 40% of all cases. The most common etiology amongst adults remains atherosclerosis accounting for 50% of coronary aneurysms. We describe the first use of a novel flexible pericardium covered stent for successful treatment of a ruptured coronary aneurysm in 76 year old lady. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Techniques for palmaz-schatz stent deployment in lesions with a large side branch

Palmaz-Schatz coronary stent implantation in lesions with a large side branch are reported. The first case describes how to manage plaque shifting after stent implantation. The second and third cases demonstrate a kissing balloon predilatation and stent dilatation technique of a bifurcational lesion. The final case demonstrates a stent implantation technique through the stent struts of a previously deployed stent.     

Angiographic demonstration of coronary sinus thrombosis: A potential consequence of trauma to the coronary sinus

Abnormalities of the coronary sinus are rarely encountered. A case is presented demonstrating for the first time the angiographic appearance of coronary sinus thrombosis. This may have been the result of surgical trauma during mitral valve replacement or inadvertent cannulation of the coronary sinus during right heart catheterization or pacemaker insertion. Although the clinical significance of coronary sinus thrombosis is uncertain, obstruction of coronary sinus blood flow should not be deleterious because of multiple anastomoses between the coronary sinus system and the anterior cardiac veins. Difficulty in cannulating the coronary sinus for physiologic studies should suggest the possibility of coronary sinus thrombosis, especially in patients who have undergone mitral valve replacement. This may be confirmed by observing the venous phase of selective left coronary arteriography. Finally, coronary sinus thrombosis may be important as a source of pulmonary emboli. The prevalence of this serious complication requires further study.     

Coronary arteriovenous-arterial fistula

A case of multiple arteriovenous fistulae is described in an adult with coronary artery disease. One of these fistulae drained into the anterior interventricular vein, which in turn communicated with and perfused an obstructed left anterior descending coronary artery.