钼靶X线术前定位活检在触诊阴性乳腺病变中的应用

目的:探讨钼靶X线术前定位活检在临床触诊阴性乳腺病变中的应用价值。方法:对85例临床触诊阴性,乳腺钼靶X线检查发现异常并行穿刺定位活检患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果:85例患者均一次性手术切除病灶,金属定位导丝完整取出,无一例并发症,术后诊断乳腺癌23例,余62例为良性病变。结论:钼靶X线术前定位活检是临床触诊阴性乳腺病变定性诊断的有效方法,安全可靠,也是发现早期乳腺癌的重要手段。     

Large-core needle biopsy of nonpalpable breast lesions

CONTEXT: An increasing number of nonpalpable abnormalities requiring breast biopsy are being identified due to the widespread use of screening mammography. Large-core needle biopsy (LCNB) has become an alternative to surgical excision. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether LCNB is a safe and accurate technique to evaluate nonpalpable abnormalities found on breast imaging studies. DESIGN AND SETTING: Case series at an institutional referral center from August 1, 1991, to December 31, 1997. PATIENTS: A total of 1643 women with 1 or more suspicious breast abnormalities received LCNBs (n = 1836 lesions). INTERVENTION: The LCNB of the breast uses a 14- or 11-gauge needle with stereotactic localization or ultrasound guidance. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Utility and potential limitations of LCNB compared with the criterion standard, surgical excision after wire localization. RESULTS: Of the 1836 breast lesions sampled, 444 (24%) were found to be malignant. A total of 412 (22%) were found to be malignant on the initial LCNB and 202 repeat biopsies yielded 32 additional malignancies. Complications were infrequent: 1 patient experienced a superficial infection and 1 developed a pneumothorax after LCNB. CONCLUSION: Image-guided LCNB is a reliable diagnostic alternative to surgical excision of suspicious nonpalpable breast abnormalities.     

Outpatient needle localization and biopsy for nonpalpable breast lesions

We reviewed 101 consecutive biopsy specimens of nonpalpable breast lesions obtained by needle localization. Forty-six biopsies were done on outpatients under local anesthesia and 16 more on inpatients under local anesthesia. The remaining 39 biopsies were performed on inpatients under general anesthesia. The complications and accuracy of the outpatient procedure were acceptable and comparable to those of the inpatient procedure. In our institution, there is almost a fivefold cost increase for the performance of this procedure under general anesthesia as an inpatient. We recommend that surgeons and radiologists work together to perfect preoperative localization techniques, and we strongly support the concept that this procedure should be performed on outpatients under local anesthesia for the majority of patients with nonpalpable mammographic abnormalities.     

触诊阴性乳腺病灶钼靶定位切除的临床应用价值

目的 探讨触诊阴性乳腺病灶钼靶定位切除手术的应用及在乳腺癌早诊早治中的临床应用价值.方法 对216例乳腺触诊阴性病灶行钼靶X线检查确定病灶灶位置,采用金属线定位和手术切除活检,确定病灶的病理类型.结果 216例临床触诊阴性乳腺病灶病例中,乳腺癌前病变44例(20.37％),乳腺原位癌15例(45.45％),Ⅰ期乳腺癌12例(36.35％),Ⅱ期乳腺癌3例(9.10％).对乳腺癌病例采用保乳手术、乳腺单纯切除术和改良根治术等治疗,术后中位随访时间为76个月,1例患者于术15个月出现肺转移,现已术后119个月,仍健在;1例患者于术12个月出现骨转移,现在治疗中.结论 钼靶摄片导丝病灶定位切除具有组织损伤小,可靠性高等特点,对提高乳腺癌的早期诊断率、降低死亡率具有一定的临床应用价值.     

全数字化X线引导术前定位技术在乳腺亚临床病变中的应用

目的: 探讨全数字化乳腺X线引导下细针定位技术对亚临床乳腺病变的应用价值。方法: 收集经病理证实的亚临床乳腺病变43例,术前均采用全数字化乳腺X线引导下细针定位,摄头尾位及侧位片明确定位针与病灶的位置关系。结果: 43例中41例1次定位成功,2例2次定位成功,43例手术均准确切除病灶;43例病灶,X线显示单纯钙化23例,单纯小结节10例,小结节伴钙化6例,伴或不伴钙化的结构扭曲2例,局灶致密影2例。结论: 全数字化乳腺X线引导下细针术前定位技术对乳腺亚临床病变的定性诊断及指导手术有重要的价值,是一种简便、快捷和准确的定位方法。     

全数字化X线摄影及术前定位在临床触诊阴性乳腺病变中的应用

目的:探讨全数字化乳腺摄影(FFDM)及术前定位技术对临床触诊阴性乳腺病变(NPBL)的诊断价值。方法:NPBL147例均在FFDM引导下行术前定位,术后病理检查。结果:147例中共151个乳腺病变,149个一次定位成功,2个二次定位成功,满意率98.6%。所有定位病灶中146例一次手术切除成功。恶性肿瘤40个,良性病变111个。FFDM及其定位系统对NPBL的诊断准确度、敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别为72.2%、90.0%、65.8%、48.6%、94.8%。钙化的形态、分布、边缘及结节的形态、边缘、密度在鉴别良恶性NPBL中差异均有统计学意义(P0.05~P0.01)。结论:FFDM引导下术前定位技术对NPBL定位准确、创伤小,操作简单,能够指导临床准确切除病灶。     

钼靶和超声结合对临床不能扪及肿块的乳腺病变三维定位研究

目的 探讨超声与钼靶联合应用对临床不能扪及肿块的乳腺病变的几何三维定位方法.方法 对29例38处临床不能扪及肿块的乳腺病变进行B超及钼靶三维定位,用几何计算方法确定定位针的深度及穿刺方向(角度),并手术切除活检.结果 29例38处乳腺病变均能准确地定位,手术切除的组织送检结果均有相应的发现,术后检查切除干净无病变组织残留.结论 超声与钼靶联合应用的几何三维定位方法可以精确切除临床不能扪及肿块的乳腺病变.     

临床不可触及乳腺病变超声引导下空芯针穿刺活检的临床应用

目的评价超声引导空芯针穿刺活检（US-CNB）在临床不可触及乳腺病变术前诊断中的应用价值。方法收集行超声引导空芯针穿刺活检的临床不可触及的乳腺病变患者46例,结合手术后病理切片,对空芯针穿刺活检标本和开放性活检（EP）标本的病理组织学诊断进行比较和分析。结果 46例患者经US-CNB诊断为乳腺腺病32例,纤维腺瘤8例,导管上皮增生4例,导管上皮不典型增生1例,导管内癌1例,导管内癌伴早期浸润1例。22例未做手术,随访至今无疾病进展。24例行开放性活检手术,US-CNB与开放性活检的病理诊断符合率为91.7%,kappa=0.921（P〈0.01）.US-CNB病理诊断的敏感性为95.8%,特异性为100%,假阴性4.16%,无假阳性。结论对于临床不可触及肿块的乳腺病变,超声引导下空芯针穿刺病理学检查是可靠的诊断方法,US-CNB诊断为非肿瘤性病变的患者可免于开放性手术,长期随访。     

超声引导下Mammotome微创旋切手术在乳腺不可触及病灶中的应用价值

目的探讨超声引导下Mammotome(MMT)手术在乳腺不可触及病灶(nonpalpable breast lesion,NPBL)中的应用价值。方法 2009年6月-2010年2月新疆医科大学附属中医院B超诊断NPBL 72例共148处,其中58例行高频X线检查未见肿块影及钙化,均行MMT手术及病理检查。结果 148处NPBL中纤维腺瘤69处(46.6%),纤维囊性乳腺病16处(10.8%),乳腺癌2处(1.4%),乳腺导管内乳头状瘤4处(2.7%),腺病52处(35.1%),肉芽肿性炎1处(0.7%),纤维囊肿病4处(2.7%)。良性乳腺病变70例(97.2%),经随访无复发及恶变,2例(2.8%)浸润性导管癌患者行改良根治术,无肿瘤残余,低估率为0。结论超声引导下MMT手术可以有效、微创、快速地确诊NPBL,是"一步手术"诊治的最佳选择,可降低早期乳腺癌漏诊的风险,减少低估,且术后美容效果满意。     

全数字化X线立体定位下导丝导向切除活检对乳腺隐匿性病变的临床应用

目的探讨乳腺全数字化X线立体定位下导丝导向切除活检对乳腺隐匿性病变的诊断价值。方法回顾性总结22例临床未触及乳腺病变的患者应用全数字化X线立体定位导丝导向切除活检术。结果22例患者中,全部成功,发现早期乳腺癌3例,重度不典型增生1例,乳腺导管内乳头状瘤4例,乳腺增生病6例,硬化性腺病4例,乳腺纤维腺瘤4例。结论应用LORAD数字化俯卧式X线立体定位下导丝导向切除活检临床不可触及病变,是一种确诊早期乳腺癌的重要方法。     

数字化乳腺X线摄影在隐性乳癌的诊断价值

目的 评价数字化乳腺X线摄影在隐性乳癌的诊断价值.方法 分析我院2005年5月-2007年5月门诊发现的43例经病理证实的临床上未触及肿块乳癌(隐性乳癌).全部病例均采用全数字化乳腺摄影机检查,常规采用轴位(CC位),侧斜位(MLO位),必要时作局部病灶加压放大拍片.术前均行金属丝定位.结果 X线呈现单纯钙化18例,其中癌前病变3例,导管原位癌5例,浸润性导管癌10例;微结节或致密影伴钙化9例,其中癌前病变1例,导管原位癌5例,浸润性导管癌3例;呈现不对称性致密影7例,2例为小叶原位癌,5例为浸润性导管癌;微结节伴浅分叶或毛刺6例,其中2例为导管原位癌,4例为浸润性导管癌;结构紊乱3例,均为浸润性导管癌.结论 数字化乳腺X线摄影对未触及肿块的隐性乳癌的敏感性较高,开展保乳手术、提高生存质量及生存率、降低病死率等具有重大价值.     

触诊阴性乳腺病灶的诊断与治疗

目的 探讨乳腺钼靶、超声定位活检对临床触诊阴性乳腺病灶的应用价值,分析触诊阴性乳腺癌的诊断与治疗方法.方法 回顾性分析77例触诊阴性乳腺病例(87个病灶)的临床资料.结合定位活检病理结果,总结影像学的诊断特点和诊断价值.结果 全组87个乳腺病灶中乳腺癌20个(20例病例),占23.0%(20/87),良性病灶67个(57个),占77.0%(67/87).恶性病例的年龄明显高于良性病例,钼靶摄片诊断触诊阴性乳腺病灶的灵敏度、特异度和准确度均优于乳腺超声检查.20例乳腺癌采用超声或钼靶引导下的金属丝定位活捡,保乳手术率达55.0%(11/20).95.0%(19/20)触诊阴性乳腺癌为0～Ⅰ期的早期乳腺癌.钼靶摄片、乳腺超声诊断触诊阴性乳癌阳性率分别为75.0%(15/20)和55.0%(11/20).其主要影像学特点是恶性钙化和边界不清的小肿物,分别占诊断阳性病例的66.7%(10/15)和54.5%(6/11).结论 触诊阴性乳腺病灶的钼靶和超声定位活检在触诊阴性乳腺癌的早发现、早诊断和早治疗中起到重要的作用,其中,钼靶检查更为重要.     

钼靶引导下导丝定位手术切检不可触及乳腺病灶的临床分析

目的:评价钼靶引导下钩丝定位引导手术切检临床不可触及乳腺病灶的有效性及安全性。方法:回顾性分析78例临床触诊阴性而乳腺钼靶X线显示的小病灶,其中35例采用大体定位法进行定位（A组）,43例采用乳腺钼靶X线引导导丝定位（B组）,指导临床进行手术切检。结果:B组一次性完整切除病灶成功率为93.02%（40/43）,高于A组的74.29%（26/35）（P<0.05）。B组导丝的定位满意率为90.70%。穿刺定位平均时间14.8 min。所有病人均未出现导丝折断、气胸、大出血等并发症,4例病人定位过程中发生迷走神经反应,经休息数分钟后缓解,顺利完成手术。结论:钼靶X线引导穿刺钩针定位准确性较高,是诊治临床不可触及乳腺病变安全、有效的方法。     

磁共振弥散加权成像的纹理特征鉴别良恶性单纯微钙化型乳腺隐匿性病灶的价值

目的: 探索使用磁共振弥散加权成像（DWI）的纹理特征鉴别良恶性单纯微钙化型乳腺隐匿性病灶的价值。方法: 回顾性分析2012年10月至2015年12月于浙江省肿瘤医院进行乳腺X射线金属丝三维定位的61例（38例恶性肿瘤、23例良性病变）单纯微钙化型乳腺隐匿性病灶患者的DWI影像。对每个感兴趣区域提取6个直方图特征和16个灰度共生矩阵纹理特征。利用随机森林算法进行特征选择并构建分类器,使用留一法进行交叉验证。采用ROC曲线评价分类器的性能。结果: 筛选获得的性能最佳的特征组合共包含6个特征,分别为直方图中的均值、方差、偏度、熵,以及灰度共生矩阵的0°方向对比度、45°方向相关性,其中,直方图中的均值、方差、偏度和熵在良性病变与恶性肿瘤组间差异有统计学意义（均P < 0.05）。由上述特征构建的分类器鉴别诊断单纯微钙化型乳腺隐匿性病灶良性病变与恶性肿瘤的AUC达到0.76,诊断准确率、敏感度、特异度分别为77.05%、84.21%、65.21%。结论: DWI的纹理特征分析能在一定程度上提高良恶性单纯微钙化型乳腺隐匿性病灶诊断的准确性,直方图中的均值、方差、偏度和熵是极具潜力的影像学标志物。     

65例乳腺隐匿性病灶的诊断与治疗体会

目的探讨乳腺X线、超声立体定位细针活检技术对不可能触及的乳腺灶的诊断价值。方法对65例临床未触及乳腺病变（notaetic mammograpy needle localized biopsy, SNLB）,行超声立体定位活检,并进行组织病理学检查。结果65例乳腺病变中,恶性病变42例（64．6％）,其中导管内癌12例,浸润性导管癌16例,单纯癌9例,髓样癌3例,大汗腺癌2例;良性病变23例（35．4％）,其中乳腺导管内乳头状瘤8例,乳腺非典型增生8例,乳腺小叶增生7例。结论立体定位细针活检对不可触及的乳腺病变的定位定性诊断以及对早期乳腺癌诊断有重要价值。     

Use of a specimen-evaluation device for the diagnosis of impalpable breast lesions detected by mammography.

OBJECTIVE: To describe a method for accurate excision and exact histopathological diagnosis of impalpable breast lesions, considered suspicious of carcinoma, and detected on mammographic examination alone. SETTING, PATIENTS AND INTERVENTIONS: Eight-five patients referred with a suspicious but impalpable mammographic lesion underwent preoperative radiological localisation followed by surgical excision biopsy. Specimen radiology with a radiolucent acrylic compression-grid specimen-evaluation device confirmed that the lesion had been excised. By use of the grid coordinates, exact histopathological examination of the radiological area of suspicion was carried out to provide a definitive pathological diagnosis. RESULTS: Twenty-eight patients (33%) were found to have invasive carcinoma or extensive intraduct breast carcinoma requiring further surgical and adjuvant management. Nineteen of these patients (68%) had no axillary node metastases. CONCLUSION: The use of an acrylic compression-grid specimen-evaluation device in the diagnosis of suspicious mammographic breast lesions facilitates confirmation of excision by specimen radiology, and expedites accurate histological examination of suspicious radiological lesions.     

Benign breast lesions mimicking carcinoma at mammography

Many benign breast lesions pose diagnostic challenges. These lesions include abscess, haematoma, radial scar, post surgical scar, diabetic mastopathy, focal fibrosis, sclerosing adenosis, granular cell tumour, extra-abdominal desmoid tumour, medial insertion of pectoralis muscle and sternalis muscle, and axillary lymphadenopathy (due to HIV infection, collagen vascular lesions, tuberculous and bacterial lymphadenitis). Radiologists should be familiar with the characteristic imaging features of these benign lesions, and should include these benign lesions in the differential diagnosis whenever malignant-appearing findings are encountered. Correlation of the patient's clinical features with the mammographical findings and additional use of ultrasonography, fine-needle aspiration biopsy or core biopsy are helpful in establishing the final diagnosis and obviating unnecessary surgical intervention. In some of these lesions, surgery may be avoided while in others, the appropriate surgical procedure may be planned. This pictorial essay aims to illustrate the mammographical features of these lesions in a group of proven cases.     

超声引导定位切除触诊阴性乳腺病灶的应用价值

目的 探讨超声导丝定位切除触诊阴性乳腺病灶手术在基层医院乳腺癌二级预防中的临床应用价值.方法 对102例108个触诊阴性乳腺病灶在超声指引下明确病灶位置,应用金属导丝定位并手术切除活检,确定病灶的病理类型.结果 108个临床触诊阴性乳腺病灶病例中,乳腺非典型增生36例(33.33％),乳腺癌11例(10.19％),其中原位癌8例,Ⅰ期乳腺癌2例,Ⅱ期乳腺癌1例.乳腺癌前病变患者随访未出现复发,11例乳腺癌病例,最长随访时间为3年,均未出现复发转移.结论 谨慎处理临床触诊阴性但超声下异常的乳腺病灶,超声引导下导丝定位活检技术可发现容易漏诊的早期乳腺癌及癌前病变;该方法操作简单安全,经济实用,对提高乳腺癌的二级预防、降低死亡率具有临床应用价值,适合基层医院应用.