综合性考核法应用于护理技能考核的实践及其效果

目的探讨将综合性考核法应用于护理技能考核的效果。方法设2003级93名护生为对照组,采用传统的考核方法;设2004级93名护生为实验组,采用综合性考核法,即分小组采集病例、小组讨论、找出护理问题、选择操作项目、进行角色表演和操作练习。结果实验组两个学期操作考核总成绩与对照组比较差异均有显著性统计学意义(t=9.927,P<0.01;t=9.001,P<0.01),教师组和实验组学生问卷调查结果均对综合性考核法反映良好。结论将综合性考核法应用于护理技能考核,对提高教学质量和学生的综合运用能力具有良好效果。     

多种考核方法在护理技能考评中的应用

目的探讨护理技能多种考核方法的效果。方法将186名高职护生分成实验组（100例）和对照组（86例）,实验组采取多种考核方法相结合,对照组采用传统的考核方法。结果两组学生学习兴趣、创新能力、操作水平等方面比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论高职护生护理技能教学过程中不同阶段采用不同的考核方法相结合,有利于激发学生的兴趣,有利于提高学生动手能力、创新能力,同时有利于减轻教师工作量。     

“名片案例签”在基础护理技能操作考核中的应用

目的 探讨“名片案例签”在基础护理技能操作中的应用与效果.方法 在2008级三年制护理专业328名学生中,采用“名片案例签”考核护理技能操作,通过学生和实习医院的反馈对“名片案例签”的应用效果进行评价.结果 95.3％和90.3％的学生认为能提高学习兴趣和加深理论知识学习;88.2％和88.9％的学生和实习医院带教教师认为提高了学生的应变能力;88.5％和90.1％的学生和实习医院带教教师认为提高了学生的分析问题能力;89.8％和89.7％的学生和实习医院带教教师认为提高了学生的解决问题能力;85.6％和90.6％的学生和实习医院带教教师认为培养了学生的临床思维能力.结论 “名片案例签”考核护理技能操作能提高学生的综合能力.     

多样化技能考核在护理教学中的应用

就如何提高护生的基本操作能力进行了多种教学方法的尝试,最终认为采取多样化的技能考核是最佳的教学方法。这种方法最大的特点就是不断的考核,不断地激励学生,这种教学方法不仅对护生的实际操作能力有较明显的提高,而且还提高了护生的综合素质。使护生在毕业前就熟练掌握了各项基本操作,毕业后走向工作岗位,只需经过较短时间了解医院环境,熟悉科室情况后,就能逐渐地独立工作,缩短了理论到临床的过渡时间。     

简化的客观结构化临床考核在《急救护理学》技能考核中的应用

目的尝试在护理本科《急救护理学》课程技能考核中应用简化的客观结构化临床考核(objective structured clinical examination,OSCE)。方法在2007级护理本科《急救护理学》课程技能考核中应用OSCE考核方式,设3个站点,分别为心肺复苏、气道管理、ICU救护站,并对考核结果进行难度、区分度和信效度分析,同时应用自行设计的问卷对学生进行问卷调查。结果本轮OSCE各站点难度适中,区分度合理,站点间Cronbachα系数为0.354,OSCE技能考核成绩与理论考核成绩无相关,但OSCE的考核形式得到学生普遍认可。结论在《急救护理学》技能考核中运用简化的OSCE切实可行,但应从考核设计、实施等多方面入手,以提高考核结果的可信程度。     

ECS在基础护理技能综合考核中的应用

分析了传统护理技能考核存在的主要问题，提出了应用生理驱动高仿真模拟人（ECS）综合考核护理技能的必要性，并着重阐述了ECS设置病历综合考核护理技能操作的方法，对护生的护理操作能力、病史采集和护理体检、护理评估能力、应急处置能力、组织协调能力等方面进行综合评价。     

ECS在基础护理技能综合考核中的应用

分析了传统护理技能考核存在的主要问题，提出了应用生理驱动高仿真模拟人（ECS）综合考核护理技能的必要性，并着重阐述了ECS设置病历综合考核护理技能操作的方法，对护生的护理操作能力、病史采集和护理体检、护理评估能力、应急处置能力、组织协调能力等方面进行综合评价。     

"三段式考核"在强化护理技能训练中的作用

护理操作技能是护士岗位职业能力的重要组成部分,而护理操作技能训练主要是在《护理学基础》课程中完成。笔者采用“三段式考核”在规范、强化护生的护理操作技能方面收到了较好的教学效果,现介绍如下:     

缺陷情景法在护理本科生技能考核中的应用

缺陷情景法就是依据护理技术操作培训、考核中存在的真实缺陷及思维的障碍处创设护理技术操作缺陷情景,并将缺陷情景在考核中再现,以考查护生的综合素质和应变能力,为护生的技能培训提供参考。1对象与方法1.1对象选择某校2008级4月实习结束的60名护理本科生(简称护生)作为研究对象,其中女54名,男6名,年龄21岁～     

手术室综合技能实训在护理专科生培养中的应用

目的探讨手术室综合技能实训在护理专科生培养中的应用效果。方法在2008届和2009届护理专科生中分别随机选取1个班为试验组(n=113),分别选取1个班为对照组(n=113)。试验组采用手术室综合技能实训为主的教学方法,开展10学时的强化培训;对照组采用传统单项技能实训为主的教学方法,开展10学时培训。比较两组技能考核结果。结果试验组技能考核成绩明显高于对照组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论手术室综合技能实训有利于提高护理专科生的实践动手能力和技能操作水平。     

Development and validation of a Clinical Assessment Tool for Nursing Education (CAT-NE)

The aim of this study was to develop a valid assessment tool to guide clinical education and evaluate students’ performance in clinical nursing education. The development of the Clinical Assessment Tool for Nursing Education (CAT-NE) was based on the theory of nursing as professional caring and the Bologna learning outcomes. Benson and Clark’s four steps of instrument development and validation guided the development and assessment of the tool. A mixed-methods approach with individual structured cognitive interviewing and quantitative assessments was used to validate the tool. Supervisory teachers, a pedagogical consultant, clinical expert teachers, clinical teachers, and nursing students at the University of Akureyri in Iceland participated in the process.This assessment tool is valid to assess the clinical performance of nursing students; it consists of rubrics that list the criteria for the students’ expected performance. According to the students and their clinical teachers, the assessment tool clarified learning objectives, enhanced the focus of the assessment process, and made evaluation more objective. Training clinical teachers on how to assess students’ performances in clinical studies and use the tool enhanced the quality of clinical assessment in nursing education.     

Assessment of student nurses in practice: a comparison of theoretical and practical assessment results in England

This study was undertaken in response to concerns raised by Duffy (2003) that assessors of practice were reluctant to fail student nurses in assessments. This generated doubts about the fitness to practice of some registered nurses. An investigation was undertaken into whether quantitative evidence supported the view that pre-registration nurses rarely failed practical assessments. Comparative failure rates from theoretical and practical assessments were requested from all 52 universities in England that offered pre-registration nursing programmes. Responses were received from 27. Findings indicated that a very small proportion of students failed practical assessments; failure rates for theory outstripped practice by a ratio of 5:1. A quarter of universities failed no students in practice. Students were most likely to fail in year one and least likely in year three. This study supports the belief that assessors of practice are reluctant to fail student nurses. It raises a number of questions about the influence that the systems and practices of professional bodies and universities have on practical assessment. However it also indicates that some student nurses have failed practical assessments and that some universities do have systems in place to address this issue.     

在高职学生临床实习前开设护理专业技术实训课程的实践

目的 通过在临床实习前开设护理专业技术实训课程,提高学生的护理综合技能,满足护理岗位需求.方法 临床实习前,对2008级246名高职护理专业学生开设为期2周的护理专业技术实训课程,将护理技能分为7个模块,结合案例进行综合训练.在课程结束后,对学生进行护理综合技能考核,并调查用人单位对实习学生的满意度.结果 课程结束后与开设课程前比较,学生护理综合技能明显提高(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).用人单位对学生的各方面的满意率均比以前提高(P＜0.01).结论 临床实习前开设护理专业技术实训课程可提高学生的护理综合技能,缩小从学校到临床护理岗位的跨距.     

《护理美学》教材应用效果评价

目的评价《护理美学》教材及其配套光盘的质量及应用效果。方法采用自制的《护理美学》教材及配套光盘教学效果评价问卷,调查使用本教材的护理学本科专业学生。结果不同院校护生对教材及配套光盘的总体评价得分为81．55±11．78,其中表达指标分值最高;79．2％的护生对教材和配套光盘相结合使用教学效果的总体评价为“好”或“较好”。结论《护理美学》教材及其配套光盘在教学应用中收到良好的效果。     

The role of expert judgement and feedback in sustainable assessment: a discussion paper

Skill assessment is an enduring issue for nurses both in the nursing education and practice. Emphasis is placed upon assessment for the attainment of learning outcomes within courses of education, at the expense of skill maintenance and skill development within practice. The concept of "sustainable assessment" combines and encourages both ideas and the role of judgement in assessment is crucial to this. Within courses of nursing education, skill is invariably guided and eventually assessed by the aid of an expert in the field, a connoisseur who applies the judgement of the specialist and delivers the criticism of connoisseur in the form of feedback. This paper concludes that the utilisation of this feedback to develop the students' ability to help judge their own practice is central to the notion of sustainable assessment and calls for discussion and research into this emerging field of enquiry.     

多重评价模式在急救护理操作技能考核中的应用

目的 :探讨急救护理操作技能考核的多重评价模式 ,促进急救护理操作技能教学效果的提高。方法 :选择 98级护理大专生 5 0人为对照组 ,采用传统的单一的教师考评评价模式 ;选择 99级护理大专生 5 0人为研究组 ,采用学生自评、学生互评、教师考评以及电脑测评等多重评价模式。由急诊科带教老师量化考评两组学生实习阶段的分析判断能力、应急配合能力及急救动手能力。结果 :研究组在急救应急能力、急救动手能力方面均高于对照组 (P均 <0 .0 1)。结论 :多重评价模式有助于改善或提高教学效果 ,提高学生临床急救能力     

Nursing students' self-perceptions as insiders in the practice culture

Nursing students must be able to function comfortably, confidently, and competently within the culture of nursing when they graduate. Although different models of clinical teaching are used to acculturate undergraduate nursing students to their professional practice roles, it is not known to what extent acculturation is affected by these models. The two-fold purpose of this study was to compare self-perceptions as insiders of students involved in preceptored and instructor led clinical experiences and to identify factors contributing to students self-perceptions as insiders. Using a non-equivalent group’s prepost- test design, 38 undergraduate students, participated either in traditional instructor led practicums or summer externships. In addition to a background questionnaire, students completed an investigator generated perceptions of self in the clinical practice culture scale prior to, and at the end of, their clinical experiences. Findings revealed that both groups of students demonstrated significant changes in their self-perceptions as insiders as a result of their clinical experiences but there was no significant interaction effect of clinical teaching model and time on students’ insider self-perceptions. Students identified multiple factors that influenced their insider perceptions. Implications of these finding are discussed.     

新模式下临床护理教学存在的问题及改革效果

目的围绕学生四种基本能力,探讨临床护理教学改革,比较采用多种模式进行临床带教的效果。方法采用陶冶法、反映式教学、示教加学生参与、理论与实践同时进行等多种教学手段,引导学生从解决问题及自我发展的角度进行临床实践。结果（1）陶冶法、反映式教学使学生获得良好的专业化行为和态度;（2）理论与实践同时进行使学生自如的运用知识和技能,掌握发现和解决问题的能力;（3）示教加学生参与使学生学会与人共处、自我发展。结论设计形象生动、新颖的多种教学模式,辅以不同教学手段,改革以任务为导向的教学过程,可以吸引学生的临床实习兴趣,促进相应临床护理思维、专业意识的形成、综合素质及能力的成长。     

同伴辅导辅助教学方法在基础护理技能教学中的应用

通过在大专层次的护理技能教学中实施同伴辅导教学方法,探讨该方法应用于大专层次学生的适应性。结果显示,在基础护理技能教学中,采取同伴辅导辅助教学方法可以较好地达到教学目标,培养学生团结合作的精神,提高学生的学习兴趣、学习能力、人际沟通能力,以及社会适应能力。护理技能教学中采用同伴辅导辅助教学方法也要依赖于教师的周密组织和指导。     

核心能力教学模式在老年护理学教学中的应用

核心能力教学模式是一种以提高学生能力为出发点的教学模式。从护理核心能力的目标界定、课程教学目标的确定、课程教学方法的选择及课程评价的变革4个方面阐述了该模式在中山大学护理学院2005级本科生老年护理学中的具体应用。并对其主要优势及存在问题进行了探讨。