环丙沙星注射液的抗菌作用

环丙沙星注射液对常见致病菌的ＭＩＣ为：绿脓杆菌０．６２５μｇ／ｍＬ，大肠杆菌０．０３９μｇ／ｍＬ，脑膜炎球菌０．３１３μｇ／ｍＬ，金黄色葡萄球菌０．６２５μｇ／ｍＬ，伤寒杆菌０．０３９μｇ／ｍＬ，肺炎球菌０．１２５μｇ／ｍＬ，溶血性链球菌０．６２５μｇ／ｍＬ．环丙沙星注射液对常见致病菌的ＭＢＣ为：绿脓杆菌２．５μｇ／ｍＬ，脑膜炎球菌１．２５μｇ／ｍＬ，大肠杆菌０．１５６μｇ／ｍＬ，伤寒杆菌０．１５６μｇ／ｍＬ，肺炎球菌２．５μｇ／ｍＬ，溶血性链球菌１．２５μｇ／ｍＬ，金黄色葡萄球菌１．２５μｇ／ｍＬ．体内感染治疗试验对接种大肠杆菌０．５×０７个／只静脉给药的ＥＰ５０为（０．７８７±０．１２９）ｍｇ／ｋｇ，对接种肺炎链球菌０．８×１０６个／只静脉给药的ＥＰ５０为（３．３１３±０．５６７）ｍｇ／ｋｇ．     

微量元素对超氧化物歧化酶活性的影响

用ＮＢＴ－Ｐ法、火焰原子吸收法，测定了不同浓度Ｓｅ、Ｍｇ、Ｆ－条件下ＳＯＤ标准品的活性和反应体积中Ｓｅ、Ｍｇ、Ｆ－含量。结果显示：（１）Ｓｅ浓度为７．５μｇ／Ｌ，ＳＯＤ活性达５９．００ｍｇ／Ｌ；Ｓｅ浓度由０．００μｇ／Ｌ增加至７．５μｇ／Ｌ时，ＳＯＤ活性由４２．５ｍｇ／Ｌ升至５９．００ｍｇ／Ｌ；Ｓｅ浓度继续增加到１０．００μｇ／Ｌ、２０．００μｇ／Ｌ时，ＳＯＤ活性均降为４２．５ｍｇ／Ｌ。（２）Ｍｇ浓度为３０．００ｍｇ／Ｌ时，ＳＯＤ活性由９６．５ｍｇ／Ｌ，Ｍｇ浓度由０．００ｍｇ／Ｌ增至３０．００ｍｇ／Ｌ，ＳＯＤ活性达４２．５ｍｇ／Ｌ，升至９６．５ｍｇ／Ｌ；继续增加Ｍｇ浓度到５０．００ｍｇ／Ｌ，ＳＯＤ活性降为７５．５ｍｇ／Ｌ。（３）Ｆ－由０．００ｍｇ／Ｌ增加到５．００ｍｇ／Ｌ时，ＳＯＤ活性由４２．５ｍｇ／Ｌ升到４９．５ｍｇ／Ｌ；继续增加Ｆ浓度到１０．００ｍｇ／Ｌ，ＳＯＤ活性降为４４．５ｍｇ／Ｌ；再增加Ｆ浓度至２０．００ｍｇ／Ｌ、４５．００ｍｇ／Ｌ后，ＳＯＤ活性维持在４９．５～５１．０ｍｇ／Ｌ之间。提示：ＳＯＤ活性受微量元素Ｓｅ、Ｍｇ、Ｆ－浓度的影响较大，只有在最适微量元素浓度条件下，ＳＯＤ活性方可达最高。     

氯胺酮对吧啡术后硬膜外镇痛效应的影响

目的：研究氯胺酮对术后吧啡硬膜外镇痛效应的影响。方法：４０例硬膜外麻醉下行妇产科手术病人,按双盲法分为两组,Ｍ组（ｎ＝２０）：吗啡０．２５ｍｇ／ｍｌ＋肾上腺素４μｇ／ｍｌ＋布比卡因１．５ｍｇ／μｇ＋胃复安０．５ｍｇ／ｍｌ共６０ｍｌ,ＭＫ组（ｎ＝２０）：氯胺酮０．４μｇ／ｍｌ＋吗啡０．２５ｍｇ／ｍｌ＋肾上腺素４μｇ／ｍｌ＋布比卡因１．５ｍｇ／ｍｌ＋胃复安０．５ｍｇ／ｍｌ共６０ｍｌ。于镇痛治疗３、６、     

异丙酚—芬太尼麻醉诱导的临床观察

目的：观察异丙酚－芬太尼麻醉诱导过程中的心血管反应,方法择期全麻手术病人３０例,分为〈５０岁（Ａ）组和≥５５岁（Ｂ）组。Ａ组用异丙酚２．５ｍｇ／ｋｇ、芬太尼３μｇ／ｋｇ、维库溴铵０．１ｍｇ／ｋｇ;Ｂ组用异丙酚２．０ｍｇ／ｋｇ、芬太尼１．５μｇ／ｋｇ、维库溴铵０．１ｍｇ／ｋｇ,静脉诱导气管插管。观察两病人不同时期ＳＢＰ、ＤＢＰ、ＭＡＰ、ＨＲ和ＳｐＯ２的变化。结果两组病人诱导后ＳＨＰ、ＤＢＰ、ＭＡＰ、     

全胃切除术后肠外结合肠内营养支持

目的：对比全胃切除术后的肠外营养（ＰＮ）结合肠内营养（ＥＮ）与标准ＰＮ的支持效果。方法：１６例患者随机分为两组，两组患者从术后ｄ１到术后ｄ１１进行等氮、等热量营养支持。结果：（１）ＰＮ＋ＥＮ组体重下降（１．２±０．２２）ｋｇ，ＰＮ组体重下降（２．６１±０．１６）ｋｇ；（２）ＰＮ＋ＥＮ组１１ｄ累积氮平衡（２２３．３±３２．９）ｍｇ／ｋｇ，ＰＮ组１１ｄ累积氮平衡（１３４．６±１８．５）ｍｇ／ｋｇ；（３）ＰＮ＋ＥＮ组血清白蛋白下降（０．６±０．２）ｇ／Ｌ，ＰＮ组下降（６．０＋０．３）ｇ／Ｌ；（４）ＰＮ＋ＥＮ组德中谷氨酰胺下降（１８±６．４）μｍｏｌ／Ｌ，ＰＮ组下降（１０７±７．８）μｍｏｌ／Ｌ；（５）ＰＮ＋ＥＮ组血中Ｃ３补体下降（１１±３２）ｍｇ／Ｌ，ＰＮ组下降（１０２±６２）ｍｇ／Ｌ。结论：ＰＮ结合ＥＮ较标准ＰＮ更适合于全胃切除术后的肠功能恢复特点，有更好的代谢效果     

盐酸洛美沙星胶囊药代动力学研究

９名健康者口服盐酸洛美沙星胶囊４００ｍｇ皇，用高效液相色谱法测定其血，尿中药物浓度，并研究其药代动力学特征。结果表明，其体内过程符合一级动力学一室开放模型。血药峰浓度为２．３２±０．４７μｇ／ｍｌ，达峰时间为３．２０±１．１９ｈ，消除半衰期为６．１８±１．０９ｈ，ＡＵＣ为２７．９６±５．３５μｇ／ｍｌ．ｈ，消除半衰期为６．１８±１．０９ｈ，ＡＵＣ为２７．９６±５．３５μｇ／ｍｌ．ｈ，３６ｈ尿药总排泄率为５６．０５％。表明该药血与尿中可达有效抗菌浓度。     

选择性剖宫产对乳汁分泌的影响

以选择性剖宫产、阴式分娩者各２０例产妇为对象，探讨选择性剖宫产对乳汁分泌的影响。结果：分娩过程中血中①肾上腺皮质激素，选择性剖宫产组为（３７７±６９）μｇ／Ｌ，阴式分娩组为（７５６±１６４）μｇ／Ｌ，两组比较，Ｐ＜０．０１；②血中泌乳素，剖宫产组为（１４９±５５）μｇ／Ｌ，阴式分娩组为（１６９．５±９８）μｇ／Ｌ，两组比较Ｐ＞０．０５，但剖宫产组产时较产前下降明显（Ｐ＜０．０１）。产后泌乳发动时间：剖宫产组为（６４．７５±１１）ｈ；阴式分娩组为（５２．５±１０．７）ｈ，两组比较Ｐ＜０．０１。泌乳发动时间与乳汁分泌有一定相关，选择性剖宫产是影响乳汁分泌的主要因素之一。     

麻醉前应用阿托品对气道分泌物作用的临床研究

目的 评价麻醉前应用阿托品对呼吸道腺体分泌的作用。方法 ３０例ＡＳＡ１～２级成人择期手术的病人随机分为３组、Ａ组术前３０ｍｉｎ肌肉注射０．５ｍｇ阿托品和安定１０ｍｇ,麻醉诱导为安定０．２ｍｇ／ｋｇ、芬太尼２．０μｇ／ｋｇ、太喷妥钠５ｍｇ／ｋｇ及琥珀胆碱２ｍｇ／ｋｇ,Ｂ组与Ａ组相同,术前不用阿托品,Ｃ组蔡太尼的剂量为４．０μｇ／ｋｇ,余均同Ｂ组。麻醉前用药后与麻醉诱导前记录病人的口腔干燥程度、与气管     

不同剂量米索前列醇用于晚期妊娠引产效果观察

目的 观察２种剂量的米索前列醇阴道用药的引产效果。方法 选择有引产指征，无米索前列醇使用禁忌证的晚期妊娠孕妇１２６例，随机分为Ａ组、Ｂ组各６３便，分别阴道后穹隆放置米索前列醇２５μｇ／次及５０μｇ／次，间隔３－６ｈ重复给药，总量２００μｇ／ｄ。胎膜破裂或临产则停止用药。结果 引产成功 率Ａ组７９．４％，Ｂ组７７．８％，２组比较差异无显著性。宫缩过强发生纺、痉挛性宫缩发生率、胎心率不正常发生率Ａ组为     

米索前列醇阴道给药用于足月妊娠引产的临床研究

目的：了解单用米索前列醇阴道给药在足月妊娠引产中的效果并与卡前列甲酯（ＰＧ０５）及催产素进行比较。方法：３２０例单胎头位孕妇随机分为三组：米索组（ｎ＝１１０）、ＰＧ０５组（ｎ＝１１０）、催产素组（ｎ＝１００）。米索前列醇及ＰＧ０５均为阴道给药。米索前列醇每次５０μｇ，每３小时一次，总量２００μｇ。ＰＧ０５每次０．１ｍｇ，用药间隔２４小时，总量０．３ｍｇ。结果：米索组引产成功率（９７．３％）明显高于     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.