超重、肥胖中专女生情绪症状和自我意识评定

目的 分析超重、肥胖对中专女生抑郁、焦虑等情绪症状和自我意识的影响，为学校开展超重、肥胖女性青少年心理健康教育提供依据。方法 在某中专学校运用身高标准体重法界定35名肥胖、62名超重和100名正常体重女生，采用流行病学调查用抑郁自评量表、Zung焦虑评定量表和Piers-Harris儿童自我意识评定量表分别评定三组研究对象的抑郁、焦虑等情绪症状和自我意识。结果 肥胖组抑郁、焦虑症状检出率分别为37．1％、22．9％，超重组为14．5％、6．5％，对照组为22．0％、7．0％。肥胖组抑郁症状检出率高于超重组，焦虑症状检出率高于超重组和对照组，差异均有显著性；肥胖组自我意识总分和3个分量表得分显著低于超重组和对照组，三组差异有显著性；超重组自我意识评分与对照组间的差异无显著性。结论 该中专学校肥胖女生的抑郁、焦虑状况较为严重，肥胖可能降低中专女生的自我意识。     

Trends in depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms and visits to healthcare specialists: a national study among Icelandic adolescents

AIMS: The aim of the study was to examine trends in adolescent depression and anxiety symptoms from 1997 to 2006, using four time-points (1997, 2000, 2003, and 2006), and adolescent mental health service use in the same period, using three time-points (1997, 2000, and 2006). METHODS: Four cross-sectional population-based samples of 14- and 15-year-old students, attending the compulsory 9th and 10th grades of the Icelandic secondary school system, completed questionnaires relating to mental health. In total, 21,245 students participated in the four studies. RESULTS: Anxiety symptoms increased significantly for both boys and girls, throughout the period from 1997 to 2006. Depressive symptoms increased significantly for girls, while there were no significant changes in depression among boys. During the same time period, the proportion of adolescents who visited healthcare specialists, i.e. psychiatrists, psychologists and social workers, increased significantly. The results revealed that regular visits (six times or more during 1 year) to psychiatrists and psychologists increased significantly over the same period among girls but not among boys. CONCLUSIONS: The findings show that symptoms of depression and anxiety have increased among adolescents in Iceland. Future work would benefit from further research into the trends in risk and protective factors associated with these outcomes. The findings call particular attention to the increasing risk for depression and anxiety symptoms among girls.     

Bullying and Symptoms of Depression in Chilean Middle School Students

BACKGROUND:  The goal of this study was to assess the association between bullying and symptoms of depression among middle school students in Chile.
METHODS:  Secondary data analysis of Chile's 2004 Global School-Based Health Survey.
RESULTS:  A total of 8131 middle school students participated in the study. Forty-seven percent of students reported having been bullied in the past month and 30% reported having been sad and hopeless for 2 or more weeks in the past year. Students in the seventh and eighth grades were more likely to report having been bullied in the past month than students in ninth grade. Ninth grade students reported higher levels of loneliness, difficulty sleeping, and suicidal thoughts than students in the seventh and eighth grades. Boys were more likely than girls to report being bullied in the past month, but girls were more likely than boys to report symptoms of depression, such as prolonged feelings of sadness and hopelessness, loneliness, difficulty sleeping, and suicidal thoughts. Students who reported being bullied in the past month were more likely than nonbullied students to report symptoms of depression. A higher number of days of being bullied in the past month was associated with a statistically significant increase in reported rates of sadness and hopelessness (p < .001).
CONCLUSIONS:  Bullying is common among middle school children in Chile, and bullying and symptoms of depression are strongly linked. This finding is consistent with studies of bullying and depression in adolescents from other parts of the world.     

Health beliefs and reported symptoms among a sample of incarcerated adolescent females

Purpose: To understand the health care needs (or perceived needs) of incarcerated female adolescents by comparing their rates of physical complaints, health attitudes, and treatment seeking to a normative sample.Methods: A sample (n = 138) of incarcerated girls was administered the Somatic Symptom Checklist, the Illness Attitudes Scales, and the Reynolds Adolescent Depression Scale to assess lifetime prevalence of physical symptoms, attitudes toward health, treatment-seeking experience, and emotional distress, and allow for comparison with a normative sample. Information regarding length of incarceration, race, and school achievement was obtained from institutional records.Results: A median lifetime prevalence of 12 symptoms for the incarcerated sample differed significantly from the median of six symptoms reported by a normative sample. The symptoms most commonly expressed by the detainees were dizziness, heart pounding, chest pains, and nausea. In both their attitudes toward illness and actual physical complaints, these subjects were more concerned about illness and perceived themselves to be more physically impaired. Self-reported symptoms of depression and illness were positively correlated. Physical complaints were independent of age, race, length of incarceration, or achievement scores.Conclusions: The frequency and variety of somatic complaints, as well as their relationship to emotional distress, among these incarcerated girls highlight the need for integration of physical and mental health services within juvenile facilities.     

Risk-taking sexual behaviour and self-reported depression in middle adolescence--a school-based survey

Background Early sexual activity has been widely studied in the context of pregnancies, substance use and antisocial behaviour, but the aspects of psychosexual health have received less attention. Aim To study the associations of early sexual activity and self‐reported depression. Setting A school survey in Finland in 1999 and 2000 in the eighth and ninth grades. Methods Adolescents with experience of sexual intercourse were studied (11 793 girls and 10 443 boys, mean age 15.5 years). Scores of 8 or more in the Beck Depression Inventory were regarded as indicative of self‐reported depression. Associations with sexual behaviour variables were analysed using logistic regression models. Results In both genders, self‐reported depression increased in proportion to the number of sexual partners and with the non‐use of contraception. A higher number of coital experiences correlated with depression only among boys. Adjusting for age and age at menarche/oigarche did not affect the associations detected. In stepwise logistic regression, an increasing number of partners increased the risk for self‐reported depression [for boys with at least five partners odds ratio (OR) 2.5, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 2.2–3.0, and for girls OR 2.7, 95% CI 2.3–3.2]. Boys and girls who did not use contraception showed roughly twice as high a risk as contraceptive users. However, girls with five or more coital experiences had a significantly lower risk for depression compared to girls with only one sexual intercourse. Conclusions Multiple sexual partners and non‐use of contraception may reflect a depressive disorder in both genders. While adolescent health service providers should be aware of the risk for depression among sexually active adolescents, the sexual health of depressed adolescents also warrants special attention.     

Assessing sustainability of Lifestyle Education for Activity Program (LEAP)

Sustained intervention effects are needed for positive health impacts in populations; however, few published examples illustrate methods for assessing sustainability in health promotion programs. This paper describes the methods for assessing sustainability of the Lifestyle Education for Activity Program (LEAP). LEAP was a comprehensive school-based intervention that targeted change in instructional practices and the school environment to promote physical activity (PA) in high school girls. Previous reports indicated that significantly more girls in the intervention compared with control schools reported engaging in vigorous PA, and positive long-term effects on vigorous PA also were observed for girls in schools that most fully implemented and maintained the intervention 3 years following the active intervention. In this paper, the seven steps used to assess sustainability in LEAP are presented; these steps provide a model for assessing sustainability in health promotion programs in other settings. Unique features of the LEAP sustainability model include assessing sustainability of changes in instructional practices and the environment, basing assessment on an essential element framework that defined complete and acceptable delivery at the beginning of the project, using multiple data sources to assess sustainability, and assessing implementation longitudinally.     

睡眠质量在童年期不良经历与中学生抑郁症状关联中的中介作用及性别差异

目的 探讨睡眠质量在不同类型童年期不良经历(ACEs)与中学生抑郁症状关联中的中介效应及性别差异,为中学生心理健康的促进提供参考。方法 采用分层整群抽样的方法,于2017年12月-2018年1月选取沈阳市某寄宿制中学1 086名在校生为研究对象,采用独立样本t检验和χ²检验比较不同性别一般人口学特征差异,使用Pearson相关分析ACEs、睡眠质量和抑郁症状评分的关联性,自举(Bootstrap)程序和PROCESS软件检验睡眠质量的中介效应。结果 ACEs与睡眠质量和抑郁症状得分呈正相关(r=0.194、0.378,P<0.01),睡眠质量得分和抑郁症状得分呈正相关(r=0.361,P<0.01)。总样本中,调整混杂因素后,睡眠质量在ACEs、虐待和忽视与抑郁症状关联中起部分中介作用,中介效应分别为14.58%、21.66%、11.60%;睡眠质量在家庭功能不全与抑郁症状关联中起完全中介作用,中介效应为59.79%。女生中睡眠质量在ACEs及其各维度(虐待、忽视、家庭功能不全)与抑郁症状关联中的中介效应均高于男生。 结论 睡眠质量在ACEs与中学生抑郁症状关联中起中介作用,提高中学生尤其是女生的睡眠质量,有助于ACEs经历者抑郁症状的防控。     

留守中学生抑郁焦虑症状与留守特征的相关性

  目的  探究现留守中学生抑郁症状、焦虑症状发生与留守特征(父母外出情况)的关联,为制定留守中学生抑郁与焦虑症状干预政策提供理论依据。  方法  采用分层随机整群抽样法,于2019年4—6月对江西上饶市鄱阳、广丰等6个县2 160名儿童进行调查,最终筛选出13~18岁留守中学生776名。运用广泛性焦虑障碍量表(GAD-7)和患者健康问卷(PHQ-9)对抑郁、焦虑症状进行评价,同时采用问卷调查掌握留守中学生家庭特征及其行为生活方式。  结果  在性别方面,无论抑郁症状还是焦虑症状,女生检出率均高于男生;在年龄方面,高中学段(16~18岁)留守儿童抑郁症状(43.2%)和焦虑症状(39.9%)的检出率均高于初中学段(13~15岁)(27.3%,33.0%)。在抑郁症状检出率方面,留守儿童不同性别、学段组间差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为10.48,21.08,P值均 < 0.05);在焦虑症状检出率方面,不同性别、母亲职业类型、父亲学历组间差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为8.66,5.30,8.35,P值均 < 0.05)。  结论  亲子分离时期会影响留守儿童抑郁症状的发生。关注中学生心理健康问题对预防控制留守儿童抑郁、焦虑症状有重要意义。     

Socioeconomic health inequalities among a nationally representative sample of Danish adolescents: the role of different types of social relations

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of different types of social relations in adolescent health inequalities. DESIGN: Cross sectional study. Measures included family social class, indices of social relations to parents, friends, teachers, and school. SETTING: Random sample of 55 schools in Denmark. PARTICIPANTS: Nationally representative sample of 5205 students from grades 5, 7, and 9. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Self reported physical and psychological symptoms. RESULTS: Adolescents from families of lower socioeconomic position reported more physical and psychological symptoms. This ranged from 40% increased odds for multiple physical symptoms among less advantaged girls, to 90% increased odds of multiple psychological symptoms for less advantaged boys. Relationships with friends or teachers showed small social class differences, while strong and consistent social class differences were found in the ways adolescents reported their own and their parents relations to school. For example, girls from families of lower socioeconomic position were more than four times as likely to report their parents unwilling to attend school meetings (odds ratio=4.54, 95% confidence intervals: 2.68 to 7.69). Poorer relations with parents, peers, teachers, and school were all associated with worse health. Patterns of parent-child relations with the school were the greatest contributors to socioeconomic differences in physical and psychological symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: The school is one of the first important social institutions directly experienced by children and socioeconomic differences in how adolescents and their parents relate to the school may be part of the cascade of early life influences that can lead to later social and health disadvantage.     

重点中学学生心理健康状况研究

目的调查笔者所在城市重点中学学生心理健康状况。方法采用症状自评量（SCL-90）表，随机抽样笔者所在城市两所重点中学12～18岁学生508人进行问卷调查。结果心理问题检出率18．1％，心理问题主要表现依次为强迫、人际关系敏感、敌对、偏执、抑郁、焦虑等。男女生检出率差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05），但SCL-90中女生抑郁、焦虑、恐怖因子分明显高于男生，而男生敌对、偏执因子分明显高于女生，差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；初高中学生心理问题检出率分别为9．98％与14．14％差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论重点中学学生心理问题突出，值得关注。     

Smoking,Substance Use,and Mental Health Correlates in Urban Adolescent Girls

This study examined the associations among smoking tobacco and/or cannabis with alcohol use, depression, disordered eating and healthy behaviors among adolescent girls enrolled in an HIV prevention intervention randomized trial. Baseline self-reported behaviors from 744 sexually active, low-income, urban participants were collected using an audio computer assisted self interview. Girls ranged in age from 15 to 19 years old with a mean age of 16.5. Over 16% of girls reported smoking cigarettes, 41% smoked cannabis and 12% used both substances. Girls who smoked either substance had higher scores for depression symptoms, alcohol use and disordered eating when compared to nonsmokers. Girls who used both substances were at a higher risk for alcohol use, depression symptoms and disordered eating. The association of cannabis and tobacco with the other health related issues differed depending on age, indicating that assessment and targeting of health behavior interventions may differ depending on a girl’s age. Disordered eating, depressive symptoms and cannabis use were higher among these adolescent girls than previously documented in the literature, suggesting that to improve the health of this population multi-focused interventions must target girls before they have engaged in smoking.     

Early puberty is associated with mental health problems in middle adolescence

This study set out to assess the relationship between pubertal timing and emotional and behavioural problems in middle adolescence. The study involved a school based survey of health, health behaviour and behaviour in school as well as questions about emotional and behavioural problems (the School Health Promotion Study). Secondary schools in four regions and 13 towns in Finland participated in the study in 1998. The respondents were 36,549 adolescents aged 14-16. The study included questions on depression, bulimia nervosa, psychosomatic symptoms, anxiety, drinking, substance use, smoking, bullying and truancy. Among girls, both internalising and externalising symptoms were more common the earlier puberty occurred. Among boys, externalising symptoms only were associated with early puberty. It is concluded that early pubertal timing is associated with increased mental health problems. Professionals working with adolescents should consider the mental health needs of early maturing adolescents.     

考试应激对高中生心理健康水平的影响

目的 探讨考试应激对高中生心理健康水平的影响。方法 分别于学期刚开始时和期末考试的第一天应用症状自评量表（SCL-90）对河北省某重点中学高一和高二年级的501名学生进行测评，比较两次测评结果。结果 被试的平均总分超过160分的筛选阳性标准。总体考试当天的SCL-90总分显著高于平时（P〈0．01），其中考试当天的焦虑、抑郁、偏执、强迫、恐怖、其他因子分显著高于平时（P〈0．01）。男生、理科生与总体结果相近，女生、文科生两次施测的SCL-90总分差异不明显（P〉0．05）。结论 高中生的心理健康状况不佳，尤以考试期间明显。考试应激对高中生心理的影响主要表现在焦虑、抑郁、偏执、强迫、恐怖、睡眠和饮食方面。     

贫困地区农村初中生心理健康状况调查

目的了解贫困地区农村初中生心理卫生状况。方法用症状自评量表(SCL-90)对505名贫困地区农村初中生进行施测。结果贫困地区农村初中生心理问题检出率为20.40%,心理问题发生率较高的因子为敌对、偏执、人际关系敏感等。贫困地区农村初中生SCL-90各因子得分均高于全国中学生常模,其中,躯体化、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐怖和精神病性等因子差异有显著意义。男生和女生的心理健康差异没有显著意义。各年级在总分和各因子上的得分均呈现差异具有显著意义,初二年级的心理健康状况最差。结论贫困地区农村初中生心理问题严重。     

Controlling feeding practices and psychopathology in a non-clinical sample of mothers and fathers

OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationships between controlling feeding practices and a range of mental health symptoms while considering both parent and child gender. METHOD: Mothers and fathers (N=214) of children aged 18-59 months completed self-report measures of their child feeding practices, eating psychopathology and general mental health symptomology. RESULTS: Feeding practices did not differ across any of the four parent-child gender dyads. Mothers' eating psychopathology scores were significantly higher than fathers' but parents did not significantly differ in the severity of their other mental health symptoms. Associations between disordered eating symptoms and controlling feeding practices were only seen in mothers of daughters and fathers of sons. In general, a range of mental health symptomologies in this non-clinical sample were related to more controlling feeding practices across all four dyads. Psychopathology was most strongly related to controlling feeding practices in parents of girls. CONCLUSION: Symptoms of psychopathology may be more likely to associate with controlling feeding practices in parents of daughters due to societal values for slimness in females.     

BMI correlation with psychiatric problems among 10-18 years Iranian students

Obesity and its related emotional and physical consequences are a worldwide problem. Obese individuals are usually stigmatized. This study is proposed to assess the correlation between body mass index, gender and age with psychiatric symptoms among Iranian students. A number of 9172 students aged 10-18 years (53.5% girls and 46.5% boys) from all provinces of Iran participated in this study. Data was collected using the global school based health survey questionnaire of the World Health Organization (GSHS-WHO). Overall, prevalence of predictors of having emotional problems, depression and anxiety were 27.8%, 29.7% and 11.5% respectively. Girls had significantly higher prevalence of predictors of psychiatric symptoms. Overall obesity was a protective factor against emotional problems OR (CI95%):0.79(0.65-0.98), but it was attributable to obese boys OR (CI95%):0.72(0.55-0.95). Depression and anxiety symptoms were higher in intermediate school girls and high school girls and boys. More attention should be paid to girls' psychological problems. Besides, obesity had an indirect relation with predictors of having psychiatric problems in Iranian boys and it might be due to: (1) parents' beliefs about heaviness as a predictor of healthiness, (2) boys' lower vulnerability to psychological consequences of obesity and (3) lower pressure from parents on their obese sons to lose weight.     

中学生生活事件评定及其与焦虑、抑郁之间关系的研究

目的 :评定中学生生活事件发生频率 ,探讨生活事件应激强度与焦虑、抑郁症状的关系。方法 :运用自编的“中学生生活事件评定表”评定 10 36名某国家大型企业子弟中学学生一年来生活事件发生率和生活事件应激强度 :运用Zung编制的焦虑自评量表 (SAS)和抑郁自评量表(SDS)评定焦虑和抑郁症状。结果 :2 0项生活事件发生率 1.2 %～ 19.2 % ,生活事件强度无显著性差异。焦虑和抑郁症状检出率分别为 11.87%和 16 .6 0 % ,有抑郁症状的中学生的学习与学校生活、人际关系、家庭环境、性生理与性心理四个维度生活事件应激强度分显著高于对照组 ,有焦虑症状的中学生人际关系、家庭环境两个维度生活事件应激强度分显著高于对照组。结论 :中学生紧张性生活事件应激与焦虑、抑郁症状呈统计学关联     

辽宁省中学生心理健康状况及其环境影响因素

目的了解辽宁省中学生的心理健康状况及其环境影响因素,为中学生心理健康教育提供依据。方法用SCL-90症状自评量表及家庭情况调查表,对辽宁省初一至高三年级学生4 593人进行调查。结果有心理问题者占26.3%,其中有严重心理问题者占5.0%。高一和高三年级学生的心理问题检出率最高。女生的抑郁和恐惧检出率显著高于男生,男生偏执检出率显著高于女生。父母离异、父亲下岗和校外补习是心理问题增加的相关因素。家庭温暖有很强的保护作用。结论辽宁省中学生心理问题随着年级升高而增加。家庭环境和校外补课会影响学生心理健康的发展。     

重庆市2021年学期初和学期末中学生抑郁和焦虑状况变化

  目的  调查重庆市中学生在不同时段的抑郁和焦虑状况变化,为后续青少年的心理健康研究与干预提供参考。  方法  2021年采用多阶段分层随机抽样的方法抽取重庆市1 505名初高中学生,在学期初(3—4月)和学期末(6—7月)分别采用流调用抑郁量表(CSE-D)和焦虑自评量表(SAS)调查中学生抑郁与焦虑状况。  结果  学期初调查结果显示,中学生抑郁症状检出434例(27.6%), 焦虑症状检出601例(38.2%);学期末抑郁症状检出463例(30.8%),焦虑症状检出653例(43.4%)。学期末中学生焦虑症状检出率明显高于学期初(43.4%,38.2%,χ2=8.55,P < 0.05),女生在学期末焦虑症状检出率为52.8%,高于学期初的46.3%(χ2=6.19,P < 0.05);高中生学期末焦虑症状检出率为44.9%,高于学期初的28.6%(χ2=43.33,P < 0.01)。学期初男生、初中生焦虑症状检出率与学期末差异均无统计学意义(χ2值分别为2.34,0.71,P值均>0.05)。  结论  一学期中不同时间段中学女生焦虑症状、高中生抑郁与焦虑症状检出率具有较大的差异。调查中学生抑郁和焦虑状况时,应考虑时间段的差异性。     

某高校女生异常子宫出血的病因及特征分析

目的 探讨并分析本校异常子宫出血女生的临床特征及病因诊断,为高校女生制定适宜的预防保健措施提供理论依据。方法 选取 2020 年11月—2021年11月在中国农业大学社区卫生服务中心妇科门诊就诊的137例异常子宫出血的高校女生为研究对象,调查其一般特征、生活习惯及心理特征,并依据异常子宫出血的诊疗流程,结合病史、症状体征及辅助检查,研究及探讨本校女生异常子宫出血的出血模式、病因及特征。结果 本校137例异常子宫出血女生的月经出血模式主要为:不规律月经(28.5%)和月经稀发(27.7%)。病因学诊断中,排卵障碍性异常子宫出血最为常见,占所有异常子宫出血的72.26%,而多囊卵巢综合征又占排卵障碍性异常子宫出血的41.4%。异常子宫出血女生普遍存在生活不规律,97.1%的患者存在入睡时间晚,睡眠不良;83.9%的患者合并压力大;59.9%的患者处于心理不健康状态,表现为压抑及焦虑;45.5%的患者饮食不均衡。结论 本校异常子宫出血女生主要表现为不规律月经和月经稀发,其中排卵障碍性异常子宫出血为最主要原因。社区卫生保健机构及学校,对女学生应加强妇科病知识和心理健康教育,促进她们的身心健康。