The major achievements of biological products in China

Purpose To review the major achievements of biological products of China in the scientific research and development.Data sources The contents of this article were selected from the original essays or reviews related to biologicals published in Chinese and foreign journals.Study selections Briefly original articles and reviews of text books published by Chinese authors in the last twenty yars were selected.Date extraction These data have addressed the novel vaccines and engineering genetic technologies on biologicals.Results Nowadays about 200 kinds of biological products are produced in China ranging from preventive vaccines as the majority to therapeutic and diagnostic products. About 800-900 million doses of vaccines for the purpose of prophylaxis are administered annually. Biologicals have played an important role in the prevention of infectious diseases. During the former 30 years the basis for the further development of research work was set up and in the latter 20 years new achievements were made one after another, for example, the development of attenuated JE vaccine, hepatitis A live vaccine, HFRS inactivated vaccine, recombinant HB vaccine and Vi typhoid vaccine, et al.Conclusion During the past 50 years, China has made a great progress in the field of biological products, however we are still week in the aspect of basis research and backward behind the developed countries in originating new products.     

Research on autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease in China

Objective To review the history and recent development of research on autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease （ADPKD） in China. Data sources Both Chinese and English literatures were searched in MEDLINE/CD ROM （1979 - 2006） and the Chinese Biomedical Literature Disk （1979 - 2006）. Study selection Published articles about ADPKD from mainland of China were selected. Data were mainly extracted from 58 articles which are listed in the reference section of this review. Results Some preliminary reports on cyst decompression surgeries and mutation analysis represent the contribution to the ADPKD research from China in the history. A serial of basic research and clinical studies on ADPKD in recent years also have been summarized. A technique platform for ADPKD research was firstly established. The genomics/proteomics/bioinformatics approach was introduced, which provide a lot of valuable information for understanding the pathogenesis. By denature high performance liquid chromatography （DHPLC） technique the entire PKD1 and PKD2 gene sequence screening system for Chinese Han population has been successfully established. Based on the characteristic data of Chinese patients, an integrated therapy protocol was put forward and won an advantage over the traditional therapy. Some novel experimental studies on therapy also were encouraging. Condusions Remarkable progress of ADPKD research in China have been made recently. Still many works, including the government support, international collaboration and active participation of more Chinese nephrologists, should be enhanced to advance this process in the near future.     

关于中西医结合的方法论

中医学与现代西医学尽管体系各异,但各有优胜之处,它们是互补的,结合在一起能促进医学的发展.40多年来,中西医结合取得了许多重大的成果,促进了我国医学的发展.这些成果的取得,如果用方法论来概括,关键在于中西医结合有效地把现代医学的研究方法,即分析与综合相结合的方法引入了中医理法方药的研究.     

Major achievements in relation to dyslexia in Chinese characters

Objective To review the major achievements in dyslexia in Chinese characters, hoping to give some clues for future studies. Data sources Both Chinese and English language literature search using PUBMED, and original articles published in main Chinese and international journals. Study selection After reviewing the literature, 54 articles were selected that specifically addressed the stated purpose. Results The results of studies about the subtypes, cerebral basis, reading processing model, event-related potential （ERP） and saccadic features between English and Chinese dyslexia are different. Conclusions in the last ten years, great progress has been made in the study of dyslexia in Chinese characters. However, there are still many problems and shortcomings which need to be investigated.     

Progress in malaria control in China

Purpose To summarize the main achievements of the control of malaria in the People’s Republic of China. Data sources The data are from national case reporting system ( 1955-1998), and bibliographic reviews of textbooks and review articles. Study selection Successes in control and research of malaria were identified and selected to address the stated purpose. Data extraction In the past 50 years, large-scale malaria control activities were conducted in the country, relying on primary health care networks and community participation. The control of malaria was implemented according to the time- and locality- oriented approaches. As a result, remarkable success has been achieved. By the end of 1998, there were 31. 3 thousand malaria cases in China, with a morbidity of 0.25 per ten thousand, which dropped by 99% in comparison with that in the 1950s.Results Most of the original hyper- endemic areas became meso- or hypo- endemic and for most of the previously meso- or hypo- endemic areas, the disease became sporadic. Malaria distribution and epidemic pattern also demonstrated great changes. Conclusions Malaria control in China has been considerably successful in the past 50 years, which coincides with the target of the World Health Organization’s 'Health for all by the year 2000'.     

中国感染性角膜炎20年文献分析

目的 了解中国过去20年里对感染性角膜炎的研究状况.方法 通过维普医药信息资源系统中国生物医学文献服务系统及PubMed检索1989-2008年中国眼科工作者在国内外期刊上发表的关于感染性角膜炎的文献,记录文献的数量,分类统计4种感染性角膜炎西医论著数量、重要期刊的分布、著者单位地域分布,粗略分析文献的主要内容.结果 共检索到关于4种感染性角膜炎的中文文献1982篇,含中医中药文献629篇.1353篇西医文献中,核心期刊发表704篇,中华医学会系列杂志发表78篇,论著443篇(基础研究论著160篇),关于感染性角膜炎病原学和流行病学调查的文献30篇.国外期刊上发表论著31篇.结论 中国过去20年对感染性角膜炎的研究取得一定成果,但需加强感染性角膜炎的基础研究、流行病学调查和病原学分析.

Abstract：

Objective To gain insights into the construction and content of literature on infectious keratitis in China during the past two decades.Methods Through VIP-VMIS,SinoMed and PubMed databases for the period of 1989 to 2008,the literature regarding infectious keratitis published in domestic and foreign journals by China authors was retrieved. Numbers,types,time,journal distribution of documents published and provincial distribution of authors were recorded.Meanwhile the subject content was roughly analyzed. ResultsThere were 1982 Chinese articles on infectious keatitis during the past two decades,of which 629 were pertaining to traditional Chinese medicine. In the remaining 1353 of Western medicine articles,704 were published in kernel journals,78 in serial journals of Chinese Medical Association and 443 as original research articles(including 160 basic research papers). Moreover,30articles regarding epidemiology and etiology of infectious keratitis were retrieved from VIP-VMIS. And 31papers published in foreign journals were retrieved from PubMed database.Conclusion sDuring the past two decades,the China oculists have made great progress in research works on infectious keratitis.However more attention should be devoted to the basic researches,epidemiologic survey and etiologic analysis.     

我国妊娠合并糖尿病研究现状的文献分析

目的了解我国妊娠合并糖尿病的研究现状,明确进一步的研究方向。方法对CNKI中国期刊全文数据库进行全部检索,选择中国中文期刊有关"妊娠合并糖尿病"的论著类文献。按既定纳入和排除标准进行文献选择。选中的文献由专人逐篇阅读,并进行数据录入和分析。结果共检索到符合要求的文献515篇,文章发表数量逐年增加,自1981年开始,1999年全年10篇,2003年全年51篇,2006年全年增加到133篇。515篇文献中基础研究131篇(25.4%),临床研究384篇(74.6%)。基础研究的内容主要有病因和发病机制(71篇,54.2%)、对妊娠结局的影响机制(21篇,16.0%)、实验室检测结果报告(19篇,14.5%)。临床研究的内容主要有母儿结局报告(196篇,51.0%)、临床处理后的母儿结局分析(88篇,22.9%)、妊娠期糖尿病的筛查和诊断(56篇,14.6%)、妊娠期糖尿病高危因素(25篇,6.5%)、远期随访(9篇,2.3%)。全部文献中多中心研究报告仅有5篇,分别来自北京、天津和上海的3个多中心研究。结论在过去的近30年里,国内对妊娠合并糖尿病研究的重视程度明显增加,基础研究明显少于临床研究。临床研究中简单临床结局报告过多,创新性研究少,前瞻性、多中心、大规模临床研究欠缺。     

基于CNKI数据库的酸枣仁汤文献学分析研究

目的:研究近30年来以酸枣仁汤为主题的相关文献,分析酸枣仁汤的研究状况和热点,为后期该方的深入研究提供数据支撑。方法:检索中国期刊全文数据库(CNKI)资源总库收录的1988年至2018年期间以酸枣仁汤为主题的相关文献,利用文献计量学方法对文献发表年度、文献来源数据库、学科分布、被引频数、期刊载文、文献第一作者和所在机构、文献基金资助情况、高频关键词等内容进行统计分析。结果:共检索有效文献874篇。近10年的发文量较多,并呈明显上升趋势;文献以学术论文为主,研究内容以临床应用研究较多,基础研究较少,且临床应用主要集中在中医内科学、中医临床学、神经病学与精神病学等学科,占总文献量67.05%;关于酸枣仁汤治疗失眠、抑郁以及发挥镇静催眠药作用的论文被引频数较高;核心期刊262种,载文611篇,其中《河南中医》《中医杂志》《山东中医杂志》等期刊的影响力较高;发文机构以高校为主,以山东中医药大学、湖北中医药大学和北京中医药大学研究较多,发文被引频数较高;受基金资助的论文较少,以省部级为主(43.59%);共提取关键词2847个,其中频数≥7的高频关键词55个。结论:近30年来酸枣仁汤有关文献发文量较多,但以临床应用研究较多,基础研究较少,且尚未形成核心作者和核心研究机构,较少取得国家级层面的资助,说明该领域的研究内容和研究方法都有待于进一步开拓创新,尤其是酸枣仁汤中有效物质基础和作用机制等基础研究有待于深入探索。     

中西医结合治疗老年溃疡性结肠炎的研究概况

目的老年溃疡性结肠炎患者逐渐成为溃疡性结肠炎患者中的第二大群体,国内外相关研究逐步展开,发病率的统计、临床特征的总结等方面趋于完善,本研究针对近5年老年溃疡性结肠炎的研究,以中西医结合治疗为出发点,探讨目前老年UC的治疗和研究现况。方法检索PubMed、Cochrane、CNKI等数据库中"老年溃疡性结肠炎(elderly/older-onset UC、UC in elderly patients/population)""中西医结合(Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine&Western Medicine、Integrated/combined therapy)的随机临床试验,观察性研究、系统评价和/或荟萃分析及所选文章的参考文献、相关研究和评估中的参考文献。结果英文文献检索命中117条,筛选审查后选定27篇(含临床指南)。中文文献命中69条,筛查后选定18篇(含临床指南与专家共识)。所有纳入文献中,临床试验8篇(含2篇protocol),综述及观察性研究31篇。结论近5年国内对于老年UC研究并不多见,治疗方面临床试验以中成药联合西药为主,针对调节炎性因子及凝血功能。国外更多使用草药提取物联合用药治疗UC。     

Prevention and therapy of hepatitis B

ＨｅｐａｔｉｔｉｓＢ（ＨＢ）ｉｓａｒａｔｈｅｒｈａｒｍｆｕｌｄｉｓｅａｓｅｔｏｔｈｅｈｕｍａｎｈｅａｌｔｈ－ＩｔｉｓｃａｕｓｅｄｂｙｈｅｐａｔｉｔｉｓＢｖｉｒｕｓ（ＨＢＶ）ｉｎｆｅｃｔｉｏｎ－ＰｅｏｐｌｅｉｎｆｅｃｔｅｄｗｉｔｈＨＢＶｗｉｌｌｎｏｔｏｎｌｙｄｅｖｅｌｏｐａｃｕｔｅｈｅｐａｔｉｔｉｓ,ｂｕｔａｌｓｏ２５％ｏｆｔｈｅｓｅＨＢＶｉｎｆｅｃｔｅｄｐａｔｉｅｎｔｓｗｉｌｌｔｅｎｄｔｏｓｕｆｆｅｒｆｒｏｍｃｈｒｏｎｉｃｈｅｐａｔｉｔｉｓ,ａｎｄｓｏｍｅｃｈｒｏｎｉｃｐａｔｉｅｎｔｓｅｖｅｎｃ…     

Current situation and progress in integrative medicine in China

In the past 50 years, integration of traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine, known as the Chinese version of integrative medicine （IM）, has achieved significant developments. In this article, the present situation and progress in IM development in China are summarized from the aspects of IM application, policy making, scientific research, education, academic exchanges, and its future development. With continuous support from the Chinese government and successful scientific achievements in the past 50 years, the authors believe that IM will be moving forwards to a full globalization.     

内蒙古医学病毒学研究进展

目的：总结改革开放２０年来,内蒙古医学病毒学取得的一些瞩目成绩。方法：查阅中国生物医学文献光盘数据库,分析宾些年来内蒙古医学病毒学各类科研究进展。结果：内蒙古医学病毒学各学科研究均取得了一睦成绩,其中乙型肝炎、出血热病毒、化状病毒、巨细胞病毒、艾滋病病毒以及人类基因工程研究方面的成果已达到国内先进水平。结论：２０世纪内蒙古的医学成果已为下一世纪的研究尊定了基础,相信内蒙古的医学病毒学研究在２１世纪     

胎儿安冲剂治疗先兆流产的止血作用实验研究

胎漏、胎动不安(先兆流产)属妇产科临床常见病，常可发展为堕胎、小产。临床实践证明中医保胎效果明显优于西药。为了寻找中药保胎的现代医学依据，该课题对其临床使用近10年临床疗效好的保胎中药进行了实验研究。通过胎儿安冲剂的止血动物实验，结果显示：胎儿安冲剂能明显缩短小鼠出血及凝血时间而达到止血效果，其大、中、小剂量均有缩短出血时间和凝血时间而达到止血的作用。说明胎儿安冲剂止血疗效好，可以运用于临床。     

中医治未病健康工程发展现状与问题的探讨

中医治未病健康工程在十余年的发展历程中取得了巨大的成就,同时在实施过程中也存在着诸多的问题。系统梳理中医治未病健康工程十余年来在预防保健服务、学科理论体系构建、专业人才培养、学术平台搭建、科研体系构建、治未病文化传播与推广方面取得的重大成就,同时对目前存在的问题进行了探讨,以期为升级版中医治未病健康工程实施方案的制定提供可参考的依据。     

黄斑中心凹区脉络膜新生血管治疗研究进展

黄斑中心凹区脉络膜新生血管(CNV)的临床治疗与基础研究均取得了较大进步,积累了丰富的临床经验和大量的研究资料。临床方面,光动力疗法及手术等在我国广泛开展;针对新生血管形成和CNV病变炎性反应过程的药物应用于临床也进展较快。基础研究方面,用基因疗法、靶向治疗CNV等领域亦取得了显著成绩。未来的发展趋势为多种治疗的联合应用,标志着我国黄斑中心凹区CNV的临床与基础研究基本与国际接轨。     

The current status of the study on asthma in China

Ｉｎｔｈｅｐａｓｔｔｅｎｙｅａｒｓ ,ｗｅｈａｖｅｇａｉｎｅｄｎｅｗｉｎｓｉｇｈｔｓｉｎｔｏｔｈｅｎａｔｕｒｅｏｆａｓｔｈｍａ Ｄｅｓｐｉｔｅｉｍｐｒｏｖｅｍｅｎｔｓｉｎｔｈｅｔｒｅａｔｍｅｎｔｏｆａｓｔｈｍａ ,ｔｈｅｐｒｅｖａｌｅｎｃｅａｎｄｔｈｅｍｏｒｔａｌｉｔｙｒａｔｅｏｆａｓｔｈｍａｈａｖｅｂｅｅｎｉｎｃｒｅａｓｉｎｇｓｔｅａｄｉｌｙ ,ｒｅｉｎｆｏｒｃｉｎｇａｗｏｒｌｄ ｗｉｄｅｎｅｅｄｔｏｓｔｕｄｙｔｈｅｐａｔｈｏｇｅｎｅｓｉｓ ,ｐｒｅｖｅｎｔｉｏｎａｎｄｍａｎａｇｅｍｅｎｔｏｆａｓｔｈｍ…     

我国2000—2019年主要热带病的流行与防治概况

近二十年来我国各行各业发展迅猛,国民经济日新月异,科学技术突飞猛进,我国公共卫生和传染病防治工作显著提升,尤其在热带传染病防控领域成绩卓著。早在2005年在全国范围内就消除了丝虫病,截至2017年,全国450个血吸虫病流行县中,50%达到消除标准,30%达到传播阻断标准,到2019年年底曾经肆虐一时的疟疾已连续三年无本地原发病例,达到了消除疟疾的指标要求,等待世界卫生组织的确认,麻风病和黑热病也得到了很好的控制,有效保障了公众健康和社会稳定,为经济发展作出了重要贡献。然而,伴随全球气候变暖、工业污染、人口增长、自然疫源地的商业开发、抗生素和杀虫剂大量使用等诸多因素,同时随着中国“一带一路”倡议地不断推进、旅游业和国际交流的快速发展,也给热带传染病的防控带来了诸多问题和挑战。     

浅谈我国药剂学/药用材料研究现状及研究方向

药剂学/药用材料是研究药物剂型、制剂技术和药物递释规律的一门学科.本文简述了药剂学/药用材料的基础研究与应用基础研究内容,总结了近20年来我国药剂学/药用材料研究热点;分析了我国药剂学/药用材料研究的国际地位、所取得的成就、优势和薄弱环节;提出了未来10年我国药剂学/药用材料的重点前沿研究方向,并对可能取得的突破性进展...     

Alveolar echinococcosis in China

DATA SOURCES: All reference data originated from related Chinese- or English-language literature in Chinese journals. STUDY SELECTION: Twenty-three original articles published in 1992-1996 were selected according to the stated purpose and 9 of them were written by myself. DATA EXTRACTION: The present paper dealt with 5 subtopics, i.e. epidemiology, parasitology, pathology, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis. RESULTS: Five hundred and eighty-four patients with alveolar echinococcosis (AE) have been reported from 7 provinces or autonomous regions. Human infection rate was 19.2% or 2.8%, and the morbidity was 2.4%-5.0%. The intermediate hosts of Echinococcus multilocularis included 7 species of rodents and 3 species of livestocks, and the final hosts of that were fox, dog or wolf. Diagnosis of AE was chiefly based on imaging examination (ultrasound and CT) and immunological test. The operative resection rate for liver AE was only 10.5% (27/258). Albendazole was a certain remedy for the chemotherapy of AE, and TCM "Xiao-Bao" pill may be a hopeful drug. CONCLUSIONS: In the past 30 years, a lot of work concerning basic and clinical studies has been done in China and some achievements have been achieved. However, some important problems such as how to conduct further research on molecular biology, how to make early diagnosis, how to improve the chemotherapeutic effect, and how to control the prevalence of AE, need to be studied more deeply in the 21st century.     

我国营养学发展现状

近30年我国营养学发展迅速,取得了一系列重要的科研成果和新进展。对营养素与肿瘤（如肝癌、结肠癌和乳癌等）、代谢性疾病（如肥胖、糖尿病）及先天性畸形等疾病的关系方面的研究都有新的发现。同时,在营养素及营养综合干预措施对肿瘤及代谢性疾病的防治方面也取得了一定的研究成果。相关机构和组织的相继成立及营养学教育事业的发展是我国营养学进一步发展的保证。