文拉法辛联合阿片类药物治疗41例癌痛患者的临床观察

摘 要：［目的］ 探讨对伴有抑郁情绪的癌痛患者止痛治疗的同时,运用抗抑郁药物进行辅助性干预,观察其临床效果。［方法］ 采用回顾性研究方法收集86例伴中重度抑郁情绪的癌痛患者,根据治疗方案分为两组,一组为文拉法辛联合阿片类药物治疗（联合用药组,41例）,另一组为单纯阿片类药物治疗（对照组,45例）。两组患者均于治疗前及治疗后2周完成了抑郁自评量表（SDS）、癌症患者生活质量量表(EORTC QLQ-C30 v3.0)及疼痛缓解度(PAR)评价。［结果］ 联合用药组癌痛总缓解率为85.3%,对照组总缓解率为77.8%,无统计学差异（P>0.05）;治疗2周后联合用药组奥施康定平均剂量（53±36.9）mg;对照组奥施康定平均剂量（70±50.4）mg,存在统计学差异;回归分析显示癌痛患者的抑郁情绪受年龄、婚姻状况、医保类型及疼痛评分的影响,两组在治疗前抑郁水平无明显差异,治疗2周后联合用药组抑郁情绪改善更为明显;癌痛患者的生活质量普遍较差,治疗2周后患者的总体生命质量、躯体功能、角色功能、情感功能、社会功能均优于治疗前,联合治疗组在情感功能和社会功能两个维度显著优于对照组。［结论］ 阿片类药物联合吗啡滴定可达到良好的止痛效果;伴有中重度抑郁情绪的癌痛患者,联用抗抑郁药物可明显改善患者的抑郁情绪,获得更好的止痛效果,提高患者的生活质量。     

规范化癌痛护理干预对头颈部鳞癌伴癌痛患者的改善作用

目的 探讨规范化癌痛护理干预对头颈部鳞癌伴癌痛患者疼痛和心理状况的改善作用。方法 选择2019年1月至2021年12月河南省肿瘤医院收治的106例头颈部鳞癌伴癌痛患者为研究对象,根据护理干预方法不同分为对照组(53例)和试验组(53例)。对照组患者行常规护理,试验组患者在对照组基础上行规范化癌痛护理干预。比较2组患者疼痛、心理状况、治疗依从性。结果 试验组干预后简明疼痛评估量表、焦虑自评量表、抑郁自评量表评分均低于对照组(t=15.640,P<0.001;t=14.110,P<0.001;t=11.880,P<0.001)。试验组治疗依从率高于对照组(χ²=6.692,P=0.010)。结论 规范化癌痛护理干预可以显著改善头颈部鳞癌伴癌痛患者心理状态,减少患者疼痛,并能提高患者治疗依从性,应用价值显著,值得临床推广。     

氯化锶联合黛力新治疗恶性肿瘤骨转移疼痛的临床疗效

目的:观察氯化锶(89SrCl2)联合黛力新治疗恶性肿瘤骨转移疼痛患者的临床疗效,并对该联合治疗手段进行可行性分析。方法:选取符合条件的恶性肿瘤骨转移疼痛患者120例,随机分为联合治疗组与对照组,联合治疗组采用89SrCl2联合黛力新治疗,对照组单用89SrCl2治疗,比较两组患者的疼痛反应情况、骨转移灶疗效、患者的心理状态、生活质量评分以及不良反应发生率。结果:联合治疗组患者治疗后骨痛缓解总有效率为85.00%,高于对照组(68.33%),差异有统计学意义(P=0.031)。两组心理状态比较,联合治疗组治疗后1、2、3个月HAM-D及HAM-A评分均低于对照组,焦虑抑郁状态改善明显,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。治疗后两组生活质量情况比较,联合治疗组的整体健康状况得分及功能量表中情绪功能与认知功能得分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05),症状量表中疲乏、疼痛评分与单项测试量表中睡眠障碍评分低于对照组,症状改善明显,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。两组骨转移灶治疗效果及不良反应发生率无统计学差异(均P>0.05)。结论:在常规应用氯化锶抗骨转移治疗同时联合黛力新抗抑郁治疗可明显缓解恶性肿瘤骨转移疼痛患者的焦虑抑郁状态,改善病人的生存质量,并对缓解癌性骨痛具有增益价值,且不良反应轻微,安全性高,是肿瘤综合治疗的重要补充,值得临床推广应用。     

盐酸羟考酮控释片与硫酸吗啡控释片在癌性内脏痛患者治疗中的止痛作用及不良反应比较

目的：比较癌性内脏痛患者采用盐酸羟考酮控释片与硫酸吗啡控释片治疗的止痛作用及不良反应。方法选取144例癌性内脏痛患者,依据随机数字表法分为研究组（n=72）和对照组（n=72）。给予研究组患者盐酸羟考酮控释片治疗,给予对照组患者硫酸吗啡控释片治疗。比较两组止痛效果及不良反应。结果研究组患者的解救药物用量显著少于对照组（P﹤0.01）;研究组患者便秘、恶心呕吐发生率分别为22.2%（16/72）、31.9%（23/72）,均显著低于对照组的50.0%（36/72）、59.7%（43/72）,差异有统计学意义（P﹤0.01）;两组患者疼痛缓解效果比较差异无统计学意义（Z=0.419,P﹥0.05）。结论癌性内脏痛患者采用盐酸羟考酮控释片与硫酸吗啡控释片治疗的止痛作用均较显著,但前者比后者不良反应少。     

系统性护理干预对中重度癌痛患者及家属生活质量的影响

目的探讨系统性护理干预对中重度癌痛患者及家属生活质量的影响。方法选取2013年9月至2015年7月间河北工程大学附属医院收治的94例肺癌晚期伴中重度癌痛患者,采用随机数表法分为观察组与对照组,每组47例。观察组患者给予系统性护理干预,对照组患者给予常规护理,干预一个月后,比较两组患者的癌痛缓解程度、依从性和治疗满意程度,采用焦虑自评量表(SAS)和抑郁自评量表(SDS)对患者焦虑和抑郁程度进行评价,并比较两组患者和家属的生活质量与心理状态。结果经过系统性护理干预后,观察组患者的依从性、癌痛缓解有效率及对治疗的总满意率,均显著高于对照组患者,两组组间比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组患者疼痛视觉模拟评分表(VAS)、SAS和SDS评分均明显下降,且观察组各指标下降更明显,组间比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);组内治疗前后比较,两组患者的食欲、睡眠、精神状态、日常活动、抑郁、焦虑、恐惧、消极和自信程度均有显著改善,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);组间治疗后比较,除食欲外的上述指标均表现为观察组好于对照组,组间比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);家属生活质量与心理状态治疗后比较,全部指标均表现为观察组好于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论系统性护理干预能改善中重度癌痛患者的依从性,缓解癌痛,提高患者的治疗满意度,并提高患者和家属的生活质量。     

抗抑郁药物联合阿片类药物和心理干预治疗晚期癌痛伴抑郁的疗效观察

目的研究抗抑郁药物作为辅助性干预措施对伴有抑郁状态和癌痛晚期癌症患者的治疗效果。方法将68例患者随机分为两组,进行为期4周的临床观察。对照组联合使用阿片类药物以及心理干预,治疗组联合使用阿片类药物、心理干预以及抗抑郁药物度洛西汀,采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD17)、视觉模拟评分法(VAS)于治疗前及治疗后第1、2、4周末进行疗效评估,观察辅助性抗抑郁药物对伴有抑郁状态的癌痛患者抑郁情绪及联合用药对疼痛改善、阿片类药物使用的情况。结果在治疗后第1、2、4周末,治疗组患者HAMD17评分显著降低,抑郁情绪明显改善(P<0.05),对照组患者治疗前后HAMD17评分无明显下降(P>0.05)。治疗组患者在治疗后第2、4周末HAMD17焦虑/躯体化、体重、认知障碍、睡眠障碍以及阻滞各因子分均有显著下降(P<0.05)。治疗组患者阿片类药物使用量在治疗前后无明显增加(P>0.05),而对照组患者阿片类药物使用量在第4周末有显著增加(P<0.05)。治疗组患者在用药期间未见明显的不良反应。结论对伴有抑郁状态的晚期癌痛患者,单纯的心理干预和止痛治疗不能明显改善患者抑郁情绪;在接受阿片类药物和心理干预的同时联合抗抑郁药物度洛西汀,其效果优于阿片类药物联合心理干预,能明显缓解患者抑郁情绪,并有益于疼痛的控制。     

健康教育联合心理干预对鼻腔鼻窦嗅神经母细胞瘤术后患者心理健康和生活质量的影响

目的 探讨健康教育联合心理干预对鼻腔鼻窦嗅神经母细胞瘤术后患者心理健康和生活质量的影响.方法 采用随机数字表法将82例鼻腔鼻窦嗅神经母细胞瘤患者分为观察组(n=40)和对照组(n=42).两组患者均给予常规治疗,其中对照组患者给予健康教育,观察组患者给予健康教育联合心理干预.采用鼻腔鼻窦结局测试-20(sNOT-20)量表评价干预前和干预后1个月两组患者的鼻部症状、睡眠障碍及情感障碍,分别采用焦虑自评量表(SAS)和抑郁自评量表(SDS)评价干预前和干预后1个月两组患者的焦虑、抑郁情绪,采用健康调查简表(SF-36)评价干预前和干预后1个月两组患者的生活质量,采用自制依从性量表评价干预前和干预后1个月两组患者的治疗依从性.结果 干预后1个月,观察组患者的鼻部症状评分、睡眠障碍评分和情感障碍评分均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05).干预后1个月,观察组患者的SAS、SDS评分均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05).干预后1个月,观察组患者的活力、情感职能和精神健康评分均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05).观察组患者的治疗依从性明显优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.01).结论 健康教育联合心理干预有助于减轻鼻腔鼻窦嗅神经母细胞瘤术后患者的负性情绪,提高睡眠质量、生活质量及治疗依从性,值得临床推广应用.     

陪护家属心理疏导对肝癌合并肾功能衰竭患者焦虑、抑郁情绪及自我管理效能的影响

目的 探讨陪护家属心理疏导对肝癌合并肾功能衰竭患者焦虑、抑郁情绪及自我管理效能的影响.方法 根据术后干预方式的不同将108例肝癌合并肾功能衰竭患者分为观察组(n=55,给予常规干预联合陪护家属心理疏导)和对照组(n=53,给予常规干预).干预前后,采用焦虑自评量表(SAS)和抑郁自评量表(SDS)评估两组患者的焦虑、抑郁状态;采用健康促进策略量表(SUPPH)评估两组患者的自我管理效能;采用中文版36条目简明健康状况调查问卷(SF-36)评估两组患者的生活质量.结果 干预后,观察组患者的SDS、SAS评分均低于对照组患者,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05).干预后,观察组患者SUPPH量表中正性态度、自我减压、自我决策维度的评分及总分均高于对照组患者,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05).干预后,观察组患者SF-36量表中生理功能、生理职能、社会功能、躯体疼痛、情感职能、活力、精神健康、总体健康维度的评分均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05).结论 陪护家属心理疏导干预模式可缓解肝癌合并肾功能衰竭患者的不良情绪,改善患者的自我管理效能和生活质量.     

心理干预在缓解晚期消化道癌痛中的应用

 目的　探讨心理干预治疗在缓解伴有抑郁状态的晚期消化道癌症患者疼痛及提高其生活质量中的应用。方法　将疼痛数字分级法（NRS）评分≥4分,汉密顿抑郁量表（HAMD）评分≥18分的40例晚期消化道癌疼痛患者随机分为治疗组（A组）和对照组（B组）各20例,两组均应用芬太尼透皮贴剂止痛及帕罗西汀抗抑郁,治疗组在此基础上辅以心理干预治疗。6周后对各项指标进行评定。结果　治疗组患者的NRS、HAMD评分均明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05,P＜0.01）,且生活质量各项评分也明显好于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论　心理干预治疗是伴有抑郁状态的晚期消化道癌疼痛患者摆脱疼痛痛苦、提高生活质量的一种重要治疗方法。。     

放松训练联合心理疏导在缓解肿瘤患者癌性疼痛中的应用

目的探讨放松训练联合心理疏导在缓解肿瘤患者癌性疼痛中的应用效果。方法将60例癌性疼痛的肿瘤患者随机分为观察组和对照组,每组30例。对照组患者采用常规护理,观察组患者在常规护理的基础上采用放松训练联合心理疏导,比较两组患者的护理效果。结果观察组患者护理后的焦虑、抑郁评分均显著低于对照组患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患者的无疼痛或轻度疼痛的比例显著高于对照组患者,无疲乏或轻度疲乏的比例显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论放松训练联合心理疏导能够显著减少肿瘤患者的心理应激反应,缓解癌性疼痛,降低癌因性疲乏,帮助患者树立治疗信心。     

Breast cancer and distress resulting from Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): the impact of a psychological intervention of emotional and informative support

The present study assesses the adaptation of a group of female patients with either manifest or suspected breast cancer who have undergone Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) after receiving psychological support. Several studies in literature have reported the effectiveness of such support in reducing anti-oxidant and depression aspects related to MRI. Two random groups of patients, from the Service of Diagnostics Imaging of the Oncological Unit of the Regina Elena Institute of Rome, were enrolled. The experimental group (EG) received routine information together with extra psychological. The control group (CG) received only routine information. All the patients underwent a psychological evaluation, before (TO) and after (T1) the exam. The following evaluation instruments were used: the Crown Crisp Experimental Index (C.C. E.I.), the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (S.T.A.I. Y1-Y2) and the Self Rating Depression Scale (S.D.S.) for TO and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (S.T.A.I. Y1 and the Self Rating Depression Scale (S.D.S.) for T1. Results prior to the MRI exam (TO), show that the women receiving extra information and emotional support (EG) suffer considerably less anxiety and depression compared to the control group. Results after the MRI exam (T1), indicate that the way the exam is carried out is also relevant in reducing anxiety. The level of anxiety, however, was significantly lower in the experimental group compared to the control. Depression levels, on the other hand, remained unaltered. Our results indicate that a psychological intervention aimed at providing more information and giving more emotional support helps patients adapt with a reduction of anxiety and depression.     

Adjuvant psychological therapy for patients with cancer: Outcome at one year

Patients attending the Royal Marsden Hospital with newly diagnosed cancers or first recurrence were screened for psychological morbidity. A total of 174 patients who met the inclusion criteria were randomly allocated to either adjuvant psychological therapy, a brief, cognitive—behavioural treatment specially designed for cancer patients, or a routine care control. This paper reports the results of the study one year after the baseline assessment. A total of 134 patients completed questionnaires at one year. Patients who received therapy showed significantly less psychological distress measured on the Psychological Adjustment to Illness Scale. There was a tendency for patients in the therapy group to show more change on measures of helplessness and anxiety. Using the criteria for psychological morbidity employed at the time of entry into the study, at one year only 19% of therapy patients were still in the clinical range for anxiety compared with 44% of the control patients; 11% of therapy patients were in the clinical range for depression compared with 18% of the control patients. This study demonstrates that a brief psychological intervention can produce improvement in psychological functioning which persists up to 10 months after the end of the intervention; in particular, the number of patients who would still meet criteria for ‘caseness’ is reduced. These findings justify further investigation of the efficacy of adjuvant psychological therapy in cancer patients.     

个性化健康教育联合心理干预对乳腺癌化疗患者心理健康状况和生活质量的影响

目的 探讨个性化健康教育联合心理干预对乳腺癌化疗患者心理健康状况和生活质量的影响.方法 根据干预方法的不同将194例乳腺癌化疗患者分为对照组和观察组,每组97例,对照组患者给予常规健康教育联合心理干预,观察组患者给予个性化健康教育联合心理干预.两组患者均随访3个月,分别采用抑郁自评量表(SDS)、状态-特质焦虑问卷(S...     

Repressive coping style: Relationships with depression, pain, and pain coping strategies in lung cancer out patients

Researchers have shown that coping style is related to pain and adjustment in people with chronic illness. This study was the first to examine how coping style related to pain, pain coping strategies, and depression in lung cancer outpatients. We conducted a comparative, secondary data analysis of 107 lung cancer patients (73% male, mean age 61.4 ± 10.43 years, 88% Caucasian). As in prior studies, we classified patients into four coping style groups based on Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale and trait anxiety scores. The coping style groups were low-anxious (n = 25); high-anxious (n = 31); defensive high-anxious (n = 21); and repressive (n = 30). Compared to other coping style groups, the repressive group reported statistically significant lower mean scores for pain quality, pain catastrophizing, and depression. Assessing coping style by measuring personal characteristics such as social desirability and trait anxiety may help clinicians to identify vulnerable individuals with lung cancer who may be candidates for early and timely intervention efforts to enhance adjustment to pain.     

Symptom burden in advanced breast cancer patients and its association between death anxiety and psychological distress

ObjectiveRecent research has documented psychological distress in advanced breast cancer (ABC) patients, but few studies have examined how death anxiety is affected by the symptom burden. Therefore, this study aims to explore the association among symptom burden, death anxiety and psychological distress (depression and anxiety) in ABC patients.MethodsThis cross-sectional study used the Death and Dying Anxiety Scale (DADDS), 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), General Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) and MD Anderson Symptom Inventory (MDASI) to assess death anxiety, depression, anxiety, and symptom burden, respectively. Bias-corrected bootstrapping methods were used to estimate indirect effects and 95% confidence intervals.ResultsTwo hundred ABC patients completed the questionnaires. All of the respondents were females, with a mean age of 50±10 years. Initial correlation analyses revealed significant associations of death anxiety with depression (r=0.57, P<0.001), anxiety (r=0.60, P<0.001) and symptom burden (r=0.43, P<0.001). Moreover, depression (r=0.53, P<0.001) and anxiety (r=0.45, P<0.001) were significantly correlated with symptom burden. An analysis using Hayes’ PROCESS macro revealed the partial effecting role of death anxiety in the relationship between depression and symptom burden, and between anxiety and symptom burden (contributions to the total effect of 0.247 and 0.469, respectively).ConclusionsThis study provides insight into the relationship between death anxiety and symptom burden. The results suggest that interventions addressing death anxiety may be more effective for alleviating the depression and anxiety experienced by ABC patients with a symptom burden.     

乳腺癌诊疗过程中的心理问题及干预策略研究

目的:探讨乳腺癌患者诊疗过程中的心理问题及干预方法,提高乳腺癌的综合治疗水平。方法:将109例乳腺癌患者分成实验组和对照组,对实验组65例乳腺癌患者在诊疗全过程给予心理干预治疗。采用焦虑自评量表(selfratinganxietyscale,SAS)及抑郁自评量表(selfratingdepressionscale,SDS)对两组乳腺癌患者在初诊时、手术后10d及化疗后4个月的心理问题进行调查,比较两组患者各阶段心理问题的发生率。结果:绝大多数乳腺癌患者在诊疗各个阶段合并多种不同程度的心理障碍。初诊时对照组焦虑、抑郁、躯体症状、外形关注和自卑的发生率分别为86.4%、61.4%、77.3%、47.7%和2.3%。实验组焦虑、抑郁、躯体症状和外形关注的发生率分别为89.2%、29.2%、80.0%和46.2%。经过心理干预,术后10d实验组患者抑郁、躯体症状的发生率较对照组明显降低,P<0.05;化疗后4个月实验组患者焦虑、抑郁、外形变化关注和自卑的心理障碍发生率较对照组也明显降低,P<0.05。结论:乳腺癌患者的心理障碍是一个较为突出的问题,心理干预可以降低各种心理障碍发生率及反应程度,对缓解患者紧张状态,减少生物治疗的不良反应,恢复良好的心理及社会功能具有较为积极的作用。     

Prevalence of distress in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy

Aim: Feeling distressed is often a normal reaction to the diagnosis of cancer and cancer treatment. However, if excessive, distress may lead to more disabling conditions such as depression and anxiety. The aims of the study were to determine the prevalence and level of distress in patients with cancer who were undergoing chemotherapy and to examine the associated factors related to psychological distress in these patients. Methods: Adult patients with confirmed cancer who were undergoing out‐patient chemotherapy at the Clinical Oncology Unit, Universiti Malaya Medical Centre were invited to participate in the study. They were assessed on their sociodemographic profiles, clinical history, distress level as measured using the ‘Distress Thermometer’, and problems checklist on practical, family, emotional and physical symptoms. The Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS) was used by patients to report anxiety and depression. Results: One hundred and sixty‐eight patients with mean age of 50 years participated in the study. The prevalence of psychological distress determined by the ‘Distress Thermometer’ was 51%. HADS found the prevalence of depression/anxiety to be 32%. There was no significant association between distress and the primary site of cancer, the phase of chemotherapy and the sociodemographic profiles except for age (r = ?0.21, P = 0.007). Distress was significantly associated with practical, family and emotional problems. Some of the physical problems such as appearance, breathing, changes in urination, constipation, eating, fatigue, getting around, memory/concentration, nausea, pain and sleep were also significantly associated with distress. Conclusion: Cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy experienced high level of distress. This finding should alert oncologists that some patients exhibiting these signs of distress may need referral to the mental health team.     

Psycho-Education on Knowledge of Oral Hygiene and Psychological Distress to the Parents with Leukemia Children

Objective: To analyze the effect of psycho-educational intervention on knowledge of oral hygiene and psychological distress to the parents of children suffering from leukemia. Methods: Design of this study was a quasi-experimental pre-posttest control group design. The sample were 70 mothers who had children with leukemia (intervention group = 35 mothers; control group = 35 mothers). The independent variable was psycho-educational, while the dependent variables were oral hygiene knowledge and psychological distress. The instruments used were the knowledge questionnaire and the Depression-Anxiety-Stress Scale (DASS-21). Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed rank test and the Mann Whitney U-test with the significance α =0.05. Results: The knowledge most widely known by parents was about how to perform of oral care (37.3%). All parameters of knowledge about oral hygiene have increased after being given a psycho-educational intervention. Psycho-educational interventions had an effect on reducing psychological distress; depression (p=0.000), anxiety (p=0.001) and stress (p=0.000). Conclusion: Most parents whose children suffer from cancer experience psychological distress in the form of depression, anxiety and stress with a range of symptoms ranging from mild to moderate. Psycho-educational interventions can increase knowledge about oral hygiene and decrease psychological distress in parents.     

Exercise may reduce depression but not anxiety in self-referred cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Post-hoc analysis of data from the 'Body & Cancer' trial

Abstract Background. The diagnosis and treatment of cancer may cause clinically significant and persistent psychological morbidity. The objective of this study was to determine the short-term effect of a six week exercise intervention on anxiety and depression in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy (The 'Body & Cancer' trial). Methods. Two hundred and nine self-referred patients (52 males, 157 females, mean age 47 years) were randomised into an intervention group and a waiting-list control group. Anxiety and depression was measured by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Results. At baseline, 23.5% and 11.5% of the population scored >8 on the HADS and were classified as suspicious or definite cases of anxiety and depression, respectively. Adjusted for baseline score, disease and demographic covariates the estimated intervention effect showed improvement at six weeks for depression of -0.7 points (95% confidence interval [CI] -1.27 to -0.14, p = 0.0153). No significant effect was seen on anxiety. Further subanalysis, including only suspicious or definite cases of depression, resulted in an estimated intervention effect of -2.53 points (95% CI, -0.64 to -0.42, p = 0.021). Conclusion. Anti-depressant effects could be caused by exercise in self-referred cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Dedicated trials and follow-up studies are needed to clarify the optimal duration and content of exercise interventions to meet the needs of clinically depressive or anxious patients.