耻骨后顺行前列腺癌根治术与逆行根治术的围手术期情况和长期并发症比较

目的对比分析耻骨后顺行前列腺癌根治术与逆行根治切除术的围手术期情况和长期并发症。方法回顾性分析2006年4月至2011年5月接受开放性前列腺癌根治性切除术的76例患者的临床资料和随访结果,其中45例行耻骨后顺行前列腺癌根治术,31例行耻骨后逆行前列腺癌根治术,比较两组患者的围手术期情况和长期并发症发生率。结果 76例患者手术均获成功,无围手术期死亡病例,11例出现切缘阳性,顺行组5例,逆行组6例。术中出血(367.2±132.4)mL,其中顺行组出血(324.0±70.3)mL,逆行组出血(429.8±172.3)mL,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后3例出现切口感染,顺行组1例(2.2%),逆行组2例(6.5%),两组间差异无统计学意义。随访2～63(32.56±18.25)月,无患者死于前列腺癌,4例生化复发。两组患者长期并发症(控尿情况、尿道狭窄和勃起功能障碍)发生率的差异无统计学意义。结论开放性前列腺癌根治术治疗局限性前列腺癌安全有效,顺行前列腺癌根治术较逆行前列腺癌根治术术中出血少。两种手术方式在围手术期情况和长期并发症上无明显差异。     

耻骨后保留尿道与耻骨上经膀胱前列腺切除术疗效比较

目的:比较耻骨后保留尿道与耻骨上经膀胱前列腺切除术的近期疗效及术后并发症,探讨治疗良性前列腺增生症(BPH)的理想开放手术方法。方法:将310例良性前列腺增生症(BPH)患者分成两组,采用耻骨后保留尿道前列腺切除术150例,耻骨上经膀胱前列腺切除术160例。比较两组平均手术时间、术中出血量、术后血红蛋白、留置尿管时间、最大尿流率及术后并发症等指标的差异。结果:保留尿道组术中平均出血量(184.2±34.5)ml与对照组(356.6±38.4)ml相比显著性减少(P<0.05)。保留尿道组术后膀胱冲洗时间(2.7±1.2)d、留置尿管时间(5.6±2.7)d、平均住院日(20±0.5)d及术后发生膀胱痉挛等并发症与对照组比较有显著性差异(P<0.05)。而平均手术时间、术后尿流率指标变化、症状及生活质量改善两组差异无显著性意义(P>0.05)。结论:耻骨后保留尿道前列腺切除术手术创伤小,术中及术后出血少,避免尿道损伤进而减少术后膀胱痉挛疼痛等并发症,术后恢复快,不影响性功能,是治疗前列腺增生症的理想开放术式。     

215例前列腺癌治疗分析

目的  探讨耻骨后根治性前列腺切除,结合个体化治疗高危前列腺癌的疗效。方法  94例高危前列腺癌中70例用3个月新辅助内分泌治疗,耻骨后根治性前列腺切除时行直肠膀胱隔（Denonvillier）筋膜前脂肪垫、前列腺、双侧神经血管束整块切除,对淋巴管造影提示可疑淋巴结转移49例给予扩大淋巴清扫,其余患者按耻骨后根治性前列腺切除（Walsh）方法行耻骨后前列腺癌切除。术后对≥pT3a、Gleason分级≥8、淋巴结转移和切缘阳性者给予6个月辅助内分泌治疗或局部外放疗。比较高危与中低危前列腺癌的手术时间、术中出血量、相关并发症和3及5年生存情况。结果  耻骨后根治性前列腺切除治疗高危与中低危前列腺癌在手术时间、术中出血量、相关并发症、3年、5年总生生存率及肿瘤特异性生存率之间差异无统计学意义（P >0.05）。结论  耻骨后根治性前列腺切除,结合术后辅助内分泌治疗或局部外放疗的个体化处理,有望使部分局限性高危前列腺癌达到与中低危前列腺癌相似的治疗效果。

     

腹腔镜下耻骨后腹膜外保留尿道的前列腺切除术16例报告

目的探讨腹腔镜下耻骨后腹膜外保留尿道的前列腺切除术治疗大体积前列腺增生症(BPH)的优势及手术要点。方法自2012年6月~2015年10月对56例患者进行了腹腔镜下耻骨后腹膜外保留尿道前列腺切除手术。手术要点包括:建立耻骨后腹膜外腔,放置3~4个穿刺套管,切开前列腺被膜,切除增生的腺瘤,保护前列腺部尿道,缝合前列腺被膜等主要步骤。观察手术时间、术中出血量,记录术后尿管留置时间,拔除尿管后排尿情况。结果 56例手术均顺利完成,无中转开放手术病例。手术时间为56~126min,平均85min;术中出血50~800ml,平均300ml。术后患者需膀胱冲洗,恢复良好,平均留置尿管6d(3~14d)。术后3个月复查尿流率、国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)、生活质量评分(QOL)均较术前明显改善;无逆行射精、尿道狭窄、尿失禁等发生。结论腹腔镜下耻骨后腹膜外保留尿道的前列腺切除术治疗大体积BPH的效果肯定。     

经尿道前列腺汽化术治疗高危前列腺增生症的临床观察

目的探究并分析经尿道前列腺汽化术治疗高危前列腺增生症(BPH)的临床效果和安全性。方法选取2008年9月至2009年9月东莞市企石医院收治的高危BPH患者110例作为临床研究对象。按入院顺序将所有患者随机分成前列腺切除术组和前列腺汽化术组,各55例。前列腺切除术组患者采用经尿道前列腺电切术治疗,前列腺汽化术组患者采用经尿道前列腺汽化术治疗。测量记录两组患者手术中的平均出血量、手术时间、切除腺组织重量和两组患者术前及术后2个月的最大尿流率、平均尿流率和剩余尿量,并对所得数据进行分析。结果前列腺切除术组患者手术时间和平均出血量高于前列腺切除术组(t=4.387,P<0.05),前列腺汽化术组患者术后2个月的最大尿流率、平均尿流率较前列腺切除术组显著升高(t=4.52,P<0.05),剩余尿量较前列腺切除术组显著减少(t=5.013,P<0.05)。结论采用经尿道前列腺汽化术对高危BPH患者术中的平均出血量、手术时间、术后2个月的最大尿流率、平均尿流率和剩余尿量,全面优于常规经尿道前列腺电切术。     

前列腺良性增生症3种开放性手术的比较

目的比较保留尿道、耻骨上、耻骨后3种前列腺切除术的手术情况、术后常见并发症和随访结果.方法回顾性分析216例前列腺切除术病人住院资料,按3种术式统计输血量、手术时间、术后尿转清时间、术后置尿管时间和住院天数.对80例病人进行术后随访,平均随访29个月,分析尿流率、I-PSS和QOL评分.结果保留尿道前列腺切除术的各项指标均比其他两种手术低,特别在输血量、住院时间和术后常见并发症三方面有统计学差异,而I-PSS、QOL评分和尿流率无明显差异.结论保留尿道前列腺切除术的近期疗效优于其他两种术式,远期疗效差异无显著性.     

耻骨后保留尿道前列腺增生部切除术：附22例报告

报告２２例保留尿道前列腺增生部切除术即Ｍａｄｉｇａｎ手术治疗前列腺增生的结果。经耻骨后切开前列腺包膜，将前列腺增生部分切除，并保留完整尿通。认为本手术并发症少，术后恢复快，保留顺行射精，明显提高生活质量，并对适应证的选择进行讨论。     

解剖性耻骨后根治性切除前列腺26例

目的：总结解剖性耻骨后根治性切除前列腺手术的疗效及手术经验。方法：对2005年6月至2010年10月广州医学院附属市一人民医院泌尿外科采用解剖性耻骨后根治性切除前列腺手术26例,局限性前列腺癌患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果：26例手术顺利,平均手术时间（158-1-95）min,术中平均出血量（650±368）mL。术后病理报告均为前列腺腺癌,临盘床病理分期T15例,T221例。术后随访3～40个月,平均（20．3±9．6）个月。随访期间无患者死亡。尿失禁7例,3例在术后3个月恢复控尿,2例在术后6个月恢复控尿,1例在术后12个月恢复控尿,1例需使用阴茎头集尿器。术前有勃起功能的12例患者中,9例恢复勃起功能。无直肠、输尿管等周围脏器损伤。结论：解剖性耻骨后根治性切除前列腺手术并发症发生率低,手术效果良好,是局限性前列腺癌的标准治疗方法。     

经尿道前列腺等离子切除与耻骨上前列腺切除术近期疗效比较

目的评价经尿道前列腺等离子电切术（PKRP）与耻骨上经膀胱前列腺切除术的近期临床疗效。方法随机抽取的20例经尿道等离子电切术患者及20例耻骨上经膀胱前列腺切除患者比较,2种术式的手术时间术中出血量、近期疗效及并发症等情况。结果 2组术后IPSS、QOL、残余尿比术前均改善,2种术式差异不大;经尿道手术组患者术中出血量,术后膀胱冲洗时间,留置导尿时间,住院时间及近期并发症发生率明显小于开放组。结论 PKRP治疗BPH与耻骨上经膀胱前列腺切除术相比近期疗效相似,具有手术时间短,创伤小,出血少,恢复快,并发症发生率低等特点,是一种治疗BPH安全有效的理想术式。     

经尿道等离子前列腺剜除术与前列腺切除术的对比研究

目的：比较经尿道等离子前列腺切除术与经尿道等离子前列腺剜除术治疗良性前列腺增生症的疗效及安全性比较。方法通过两组手术切除腺体的方式不同,比较两组各自术前术后 IPSS、 QOL、尿流率、残余尿等指标的差异,比较两组手术术中前列腺切除量与术中出血之间的关系,比较两组手术术后 IPSS、 QOL、最大尿流率、残余尿的差异以及术后拔除导尿管、膀胱冲洗时间的差异,以充分了解和评估两种手术方式的优缺点。结果将60例符合实验条件的前列腺增生患者分为两组,各30例,其中, PKRP、 PKEP 组各自术后 IPSS 评分、 QOL 评分、最大尿流率与术前比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。两组切除组织量、术中出血量比较差异有统计学差异(P<0.05)。两组手术术后最大尿流率、膀胱冲洗时间、拔除导尿管时间比较差异有统计学差异(P<0.05)。两组手术手术时间,术后 IPSS、 QOL、残余尿以及术后并发症比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论两种手术方法在治疗良性前列腺增生方面均有良好效果,但经尿道等离子前列腺剜除术在术中切除增生腺体的重量、术中出血量以及术后最大尿流率、术后膀胱冲洗时间、术后拔除导尿管时间优于经尿道等离子前列腺切除术,在安全性方面更好,值得推广应用。     

保留部分前列腺部尿道和耻骨前列腺韧带在前列腺癌根治术中的应用

目的探讨保留部分前列腺部尿道和耻骨前列腺韧带在减少前列腺癌根治术后尿失禁中的作用。方法将60例局限性前列腺癌患者随机分为两组,每组30例。Ⅰ组患者行传统耻骨后前列腺癌根治术,Ⅱ组患者采用保留部分前列腺部尿道和耻骨前列腺韧带的方法行耻骨后前列腺癌根治术,分别于术后1、3、6和12个月随访尿失禁情况。结果两组间年龄、前列腺特异抗原(PSA)、Gleason评分和临床分期构成比的差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05),两组前列腺尖端切缘均无肿瘤残留,前列腺侧缘阳性率类似。Ⅱ组在术后1、3、6个月的完全尿控率均显著高于Ⅰ组(P值均<0.05)。结论在前列腺癌根治术中保留部分前列腺部尿道和耻骨前列腺韧带可显著提高近期尿控的效果。     

前列腺癌根治术后患者Gleason评分3+4和4+3不同临床特征的比较

目的:通过将前列腺癌根治术后Gleason评分3 4和4 3患者进行对比,评价不同主要Gleason级别患者的临床特征差异.方法:回顾分析2001～2006年于我院行耻骨后前列腺根治性切除术的前列腺腺癌患者,37例术后病理诊断为Gleason 7分,根据主要级别不同分为3 4、4 3两组.定期随访判断患者有无生化复发或远处转移.应用放射免疫法检测血清前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)浓度,Kaplan-Meier法描述两组患者无进展生存曲线,COX回归模型分析影响疾病进展的独立相关因素.结果:两组患者前列腺包膜外侵犯率无统计学差异(21.1% vs 33.3%,P=0.462);3 4组患者术后无进展生存时间长于4 3组(P=0.030);COX回归模型显示Gleason级别是影响预后的独立相关因素(P=0.033),4 3组有着更高的生化复发风险.结论:不同分级的Gleason 7分前列腺癌的生物学行为不尽相同,根治术后3 4分和4 3分患者的预后明显不同,将Gleason 7分患者依照主要级别继续分型在临床上具有一定的可行性.     

Suspension technique improves rapid recovery of urinary continence following radical retropubic prostatectomy

We investigated whether a suspension technique of vesicourethral anastomosis with pubo-prostatic ligaments improved urinary continence following radical retropubic prostatectomy. The suspension of vesicourethral anastomosis was performed in 55 consecutive patients with clinically localized prostate cancer by placement of two stitches, which were anchored to pubo-prostatic ligaments preserving their anterior attachments to the pubic bone. Continence rates, positive rates of surgical margins, and complications in these patients after radical prostatectomy were compared with the results of 30 randomly selected patients in whom a suspension technique was not performed. There were no significant differences in the positive rates of either surgical margins or complications between these two groups. In contrast, continence rates in the suspension group at one and three months (75% and 89%) were significantly higher than those (13% [p<0.001] and 67% [p<0.01]) of the control group. The suspension technique appears to have an advantage in immediate recovery of urinary continence following radical retropubic prostatectomy.     

腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术与耻骨后前列腺癌根治术疗效的比较

目的观察腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术(LRP)与经耻骨后前列腺癌根治术(RRP)治疗局限性前列腺癌的疗效。方法回顾分析我院40例行前列腺癌根治术的前列腺癌患者的临床资料,根据手术方式不同分为LRP组18例和RRP组22例。比较两种术式的术前参数、手术时间、术中出血量、留置导尿时间、术后住院天数等指标。结果 18例行LRP患者均获得成功,无中转开放。LRP组平均手术时间明显长于RRP组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);术中平均出血量、平均留置导尿时间、平均住院天数明显少于RRP组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。随访2年,两组在生化复发率、尿控率方面无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论 LRP不仅具有出血少、恢复快等优点,而且可以达到与RRP相同的控瘤、控尿效果。     

腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术保留部分近端前列腺部尿道对术后早期尿控恢复的影响

目的：探讨腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术保留部分近端前列腺部尿道对术后早期尿控恢复的影响,以期为该类疾病的治疗提供参考。方法：选取2013年4月~2015年9月在我院就诊的前列腺癌患者52例,其中28例患者行腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术保留部分近端前列腺部尿道,设为治疗组,24例患者行腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术非保留部分近端前列腺部尿道,设为对照组。比较两组患者围手术期临床参数和早期尿控基本正常例数。结果：治疗组患者手术时间、术中出血量、留置导尿管时间、切缘阳性、近期并发症、住院天数与对照组比较,无明显差异;治疗组0、14、30、90d尿控基本正常例数与对照组比较,差异具有统计学意义。结论：腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术保留部分近端前列腺部尿道与非保留部分近端前列腺部尿道的临床效果相近,但能明显增加患者术后早期尿控的恢复,值得临床合理选用。     

减少前列腺癌根治术并发症56例临床报告

目的　探讨改进前列腺癌根治术的手术技巧,减少手术并发症的发生。方法　对 56例前列腺癌患者进行耻骨后前列腺癌根治术。结果　平均手术时间 3小时 40分,术中平均失血量约 460ml,平均输血量 600ml。并发直肠前壁损伤 6例,尿失禁 24例,尿道狭窄 5例。结论　随着手术方法的改进,并发症不断减少,前列腺癌根治术已成为治疗前列腺癌的标准方法和将得到更广泛的开展。     

Clinical results of radical prostatectomy for patients with prostate cancer in Macau

Background Incidence of prostate cancer has been increasing in recent decades. In the year 2005, prostate cancer became the second most common cancer in males in Macau. The purpose of this report was to review and summarize the clinical features and prognosis of the 54 patients undergoing radical prostatectomy in Macau Special Administrative Region （SAR）, China.
Methods From November 2000 to November 2006, retropubic radical prostatectomy were performed in 54 cases for the treatment of prostate cancer. The mean age of patients was 69.8 years （range from 54 to 79）. The preoperative prostate specific antigen （PSA） level, postoperative pathologic stage and Gleason＇s score, operation duration, intraoperative bleeding and intraoperative and postoperative complications were reported. The follow-up duration was 3 months to 6.25 years with a mean of 2.1 years. Postoperative parameters including PSA alteration, biochemical recurrence, local recurrence, distant metastasis and mortality were observed.
Results Most of the patients in our study were diagnosed as localized prostate cancer. The patients＇ preoperative serum PSA was 0-4.0 ng/ml （16.7%）, 4.0-10.0 ng/ml （51.8%）, 10.1-20.0 ng/ml （24.1%） and above 20.0 ng/ml （7.4%）. The TNM stage T1a ＋ T1b comprised 7.6% of patients, stage T2a ＋ T2b comprised 20.3%, stage T2c 38.9%, stage T3a 20.3% and over T3a only 12.9%. There were 9.5% cases with Gleason scores of 2-4, 41.5% with scores of 5-6, 30.2% with scores of 7 and 18.8% with scores of 8-10. The average operative duration was 216 minutes and the average intraoperative bleeding was 760 ml. Intraoperative complications included one massive hemorrhage （1.9%）, one rectal injury （1.9%） and one obturator nerve injury （1.9%）. Early postoperative complications consisted of urinary incontinence （14 cases, 25.9%）, bladder neck stricture （5 cases, 9.3%）, acute urinary retention （4 cases, 7.4%）, pelvic effusion （2 cases, 3.8%）, lymphocele （1 case, 1.9%） and vesicorect     

Risk factors of positive surgical margin and biochemical recurrence of patients treated with radical prostatectomy: a single-center 10-year report

Background  Many studies have shown that positive surgical margin and biochemical recurrence could impact the life of patients with prostate cancer treated with radical prostatectomy. With more and more patients with prostate cancer appeared in recent 20 years in China, it is necessary to investigate the risk of positive surgical margin and biochemical recurrence, and their possible impact on the prognosis of patients treated with radical prostatectomy. In this study, we analyzed the characteristics of patients with prostate cancer who had undergone radical prostatectomy in Macau area and tried to find any risk factor of positive surgical margin and biochemical recurrence and their relationship with the prognosis of these patients.

Methods  From 2000 to 2009, 149 patients with prostate cancer received radical prostatectomy and were followed up. Among these patients, 111 received retropubic radical prostatectomies, 38 received laparoscopic radical prostatectomies. All patients were followed-up on in the 3rd month, 6th month and from that point on every 6 months after operation. At each follow-up a detailed record of any complaint, serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA), full biochemical test and uroflowmetry was acquired.

Results  The average age was (69.0±6.1) years, preoperative average serum PSA was (10.1±12.1) ng/ml and average Gleason score was 6.4±1.3. The incidence of total complications was about 47.7%, the incidence of the most common complication, bladder outlet obstruction, was about 26.8%, and that of the second most common complication, urinary stress incontinence, was about 16.1% (mild 9.4% and severe 6.7%). The incidence of positive surgical margin was about 38.3%. The preoperative serum PSA ((13.4±17.6) ng/ml), average Gleason score (7.1±1.3) and pathological T stage score (7.0±1.4) were higher in patients with positive surgical margins than those with negative margins ((8.0±5.8) ng/ml, 6.0±1.2 and 5.4±1.4, respectively) (P=0.004, P=0.001 and P=0.001, respectively). A univariate analysis showed that positive surgical margin had a positive statistical association with serum PSA (P=0.007), Gleason score (P <0.001), pathological T stage score (P <0.001) and biochemical recurrence (BCR) (P=0.035). The most common location of a positive surgical margin was in the apex of the prostate, which was about 63% (36/57). Sixty-four percent (23/36) of patients with positive surgical margin in apex were also involved in prostate lobe; other locations were prostate lobe (23%, 13/57), seminal vesicle (9%, 5/57). The multivariate analysis showed that positive surgical margin had a positive statistical association with Gleason score (P=0.03) and pathological T stage score (P=0.02). Neither univariate analysis or multivariate analysis showed any statistical relationship between BCR and any other risk factors covered in this study.

Conclusions  Positive surgical margin is associated with pre-operative PSA, Gleason score, pathological T stage and biochemical recurrence. Earlier diagnosis and improved techniques of dissection of prostate apex could decrease the incidence of positive surgical margins.