青海高原地区藏族胃癌患者MICA基因研究

目的 :研究青海省高原地区藏族人胃癌组织中MICA基因在mRNA与蛋白水平的表达及相关关系。 方法 :检测33例高原藏族人胃癌组织和癌旁正常组织中MICAmRNA及其蛋白的表达,Spearman相关检验分析相关摘要 目的 :研究青海省高原地区藏族人胃癌组织中MICA基因在mRNA与蛋白水平的表达及相关关系。方性。 结果 :藏族人胃癌组织MICAmRNA和MICA蛋白表达水平显著高于癌旁正常组织,在高、中、低分化组之间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Spearman分析显示MICA蛋白与mRNA的表达水平显著正相关(r_s=0.903,P<0.01)。 结论 :MICA的过度表达在青海高原地区藏族人胃癌的发生发展过程中可能起着重要作用。胃癌组织中MICAmRNA以及蛋白水平的升高之间存在显著相关性。     

汉族、藏族胃癌患者胃癌组织中转化生长因子β诱导基因的表达及其临床意义

目的 探讨汉族、藏族胃癌(GC)患者GC组织中转化生长因子β诱导基因(TGFBI)的表达及其临床意义.方法 选择GC患者(汉族30例,藏族30例)、慢性萎缩性胃炎(CAG)患者(汉族30例,藏族30例)及慢性非萎缩性胃炎(CNAG)患者(汉族30例,藏族30例),收集胃黏膜组织,其中汉族GC组织及其癌旁组织、藏族GC组...     

相关miRNA与胃癌发生及侵袭转移机制研究

本文回顾了胃癌发生发展中起促进作用、抑制作用的相关miRNA,分析miRNA与胃癌细胞的增殖、侵袭转移及凋亡之间的机制,提出胃癌细胞凋亡相关miRNA。最后认为miRNA与胃癌的发生、发展存在密切的关系,但是其具体机制还需进一步研究。     

胃癌石蜡包埋组织的miRNA实时荧光定量PCR表达

目的：研究miRNA在胃癌石蜡包埋组织和新鲜组织的表达。方法：应用实时荧光定量PCR检测6例石蜡包埋胃癌组织及其正常胃黏膜组织、新鲜胃癌组织及其正常黏膜组织的miRNA表达（let-7a,miR-21,miR-155）,以U-6为内参对照。结果：胃癌石蜡包埋组织与胃癌新鲜组织中miRNA表达呈平行性高表达。结论：可以利用石蜡组织进行miRNA相关指标表达研究。     

miRNA通过转录因子及EMT相关调控蛋白在胃癌侵袭转移中的作用机制研究

微小RNA(miRNA)通过调控原癌基因或抑癌基因,参与胃癌细胞的增殖、凋亡、侵袭和转移过程,也可调控上皮-间充质转化(EMT)的生物学过程。EMT是胃癌侵袭和转移的关键步骤,部分转录因子可通过调控细胞因子及相关信号通路参与EMT过程。转录因子和EMT相关作用蛋白的上游靶基因可能作为肿瘤细胞转移的预测性分子标志物。EMT不仅可参与正常胚胎发育过程中器官和组织的生成,还可促进肿瘤细胞的侵袭和转移,而miRNA可通过多个信号通路参与EMT的调控。本文对参与miRNA调控EMT过程的转录因子进行综述,详细介绍miRNA通过转录因子调控胃癌EMT过程的相关调控机制。     

miRNA生物合成相关基因的遗传变异与胃癌患者生存的关系

目的研究miRNA生物合成相关基因的遗传变异与胃癌患者生存的关系。方法 96例接受奥沙利铂联合氟尿嘧啶类药物术后辅助化疗的Ⅰ~Ⅲ期胃癌患者,分析DICER rs13078,DICER rs3742330,RAN rs14035,XPO5 rs2257082,XPO5 rs11077遗传变异与患者无病生存期(DFS)和总生存期(OS)的相关性。结果全组患者2年DFS为60.5%,3年OS为73.2%。淋巴结转移患者的3年OS显著低于无淋巴结转移患者,分别为63.7%和88.6%(P=0.017)。临床分期与3年OS显著相关,Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ期患者分别为100.0%、87.9%和56.9%(P=0.020)。携带XPO5 rs11077 AC基因型患者的3年OS显著低于AA基因型患者,分别为64.8%和74.7%(P=0.029)。多因素预后分析显示,淋巴结状态及XPO5 rs11077遗传变异为独立预后因素。结论 XPO5 rs11077遗传变异可能与胃癌患者预后相关。     

不同海拔胃癌高发地区幽门弯曲菌感染的对比性分析(附576例胃粘膜活检)

胃粘膜活检５７６例，其中２７６例来自南京地区（Ａ组），３００例来自西宁地区（Ｂ组）。用碱性复红法染色观察幽门弯曲菌（ＣＰ）。结果“ＣＰ”检出率两组有极明显差异：Ａ组６９．６％，Ｂ组２１．０％，这揭示“ＣＰ”可能与两地区海拨，气侯地理、生活环境、饮食结构习惯等不同有关。两组中活动性胃炎“ＣＰ”检出率均显著高于各组总检出率，提示“ＣＰ”可能是活动性慢性胃炎发生的常见原因。两组同为胃癌高发地区，也说明幽门弯曲菌与胃癌的发生是否有关是值得进一步探讨的问题。     

胃癌筛查的评价方法

近年来胃癌的发病率及死亡率在西方国家虽然有所下降,但仍为世界上第二位常见的恶性肿瘤,在我国为第一位的恶性肿瘤,且发病率及死亡率呈上升趋势。由于胃癌的症状元特异性,大多数患者诊断时已属中晚期,预后很差。但能得到早期诊断和及时治疗,其预后甚好,绝大多数可以治愈,其5年生存率在90％以上。目前,胃癌的筛查仍是早期诊断的最有效方法之一。在发病率及死亡率均较高的日本,自6O年代以来应用X线系统进行胃癌筛查,使其死亡率明显下降。自80年代初我国学者对胃癌筛查方法进行系统研究,现就国外应用较多且比较可靠的评价方法进…     

胃癌序贯筛查法对降低胃癌死亡率的作用

目的应用流行病学的方法对序贯筛查法在降低胃癌死亡方面的作用进行探讨,为该方法在我国的进一步推广提供依据.方法选择胃癌序贯筛查实施现场烟台市牟平区高陵镇和水道镇1987年35岁至70岁的永久居民27185人为研究对象(其中参加序贯筛查12176人,未参加筛查15009人),以调查问卷的方式调查两组人群发现胃癌及死于胃癌的人数,并进行比较.所有胃癌患者均经过胃镜或/和上胃肠钡餐检查结合临床症状确定诊断.结果筛查组和非筛查组的发病率无统计学差异(62.85/10万人年和72.82/10万人年,P0.05),但两组的死亡率之间存在明显的统计学差异(33.05/10万人年和50.02/10万人年,P<0.05).其RR值为0.66(95%CI0.45～0.98),也即筛查组与非筛查组比较胃癌序贯筛查法可以减少约34%的胃癌患者死亡.筛查组和非筛查组两组资料的生存分析表明筛查组的5年、10年生存率明显高于非筛查组的5年、10年生存率(52%和18.3%,P<0.05;45.2%和0%,P<0.05).结论以胃镜为最终手段的胃癌序贯筛查法可以有效的减少死亡,延长胃癌患者的生存时间.     

Whole blood-derived miRNA profiles as potential new tools for ovarian cancer screening

Background:

Screening is an unsolved problem for ovarian cancer (OvCA). As late detection is equivalent to poor prognosis, we analysed whether OvCA patients show diagnostically meaningful microRNA (miRNA) patterns in blood cells.

Methods:

Blood-borne whole miRNome profiles from 24 patients with OvCA and 15 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were biostatistically evaluated.

Results:

Student''s t-test revealed 147 significantly deregulated miRNAs before and 4 after Benjamini–Hochberg adjustment. Although these included miRNAs already linked to OvCA (e.g., miR-16, miR-155), others had never before been connected to specific diseases. A bioinformatically calculated miRNA profile allowed for discrimination between blood samples of OvCA patients and healthy controls with an accuracy of >76%. When only cancers of the serous subtype were considered and compared with an extended control group (n=39), accuracy, specificity and sensitivity all increased to >85%.

Conclusion:

Our proof-of-principle study strengthens the hypothesis that neoplastic diseases generate characteristic miRNA fingerprints in blood cells. Still, the obtained OvCA-associated miRNA pattern is not yet sensitive and specific enough to permit the monitoring of disease progression or even preventive screening. Microarray-based miRNA profiling from peripheral blood could thus be combined with other markers to improve the notoriously difficult but important screening for OvCA.     

Changes in microRNA (miRNA) expression during pancreatic cancer development and progression in a genetically engineered KrasG12D;Pdx1-Cre mouse (KC) model

Differential expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) has been demonstrated in various cancers, including pancreatic cancer (PC). Due to the lack of tissue samples from early-stages of PC, the stage-specific alteration of miRNAs during PC initiation and progression is largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the global miRNA expression profile and their processing machinery during PC progression using the Kras^G12D;Pdx1-Cre (KC) mouse model. At 25 weeks, the miRNA microarray analysis revealed significant downregulation of miR-150, miR-494, miR-138, miR-148a, miR-216a, and miR-217 and upregulation of miR-146b, miR-205, miR-31, miR-192, and miR-21 in KC mice compared to controls. Further, expression of miRNA biosynthetic machinery including Dicer, Exportin-5, TRKRA, and TARBP2 were downregulated, while DGCR8 and Ago2 were upregulated in KC mice. In addition, from 10 to 50 weeks of age, stage-specific expression profiling of miRNA in KC mice revealed downregulation of miR-216, miR-217, miR-100, miR-345, miR-141, miR-483-3p, miR-26b, miR-150, miR-195, Let-7b and Let-96 and upregulation of miR-21, miR-205, miR-146b, miR-34c, miR-1273, miR-223 and miR-195 compared to control mice. Interestingly, the differential expression of miRNA in mice also corroborated with the miRNA expression in human PC cell lines and tissue samples; ectopic expression of Let-7b in CD18/HPAF and Capan1 cells resulted in downregulation of KRAS and MSST1 expression. Overall, the present study aids an understanding of miRNA expression patterns during PC pathogenesis and helps to facilitate the identification of promising and novel early diagnostic/prognostic markers and therapeutic targets.     

微小ＲＮＡ与乳腺癌相关性的研究进展

微小ＲＮＡ（ｍｉＲＮＡ）通过与靶基因互补位点结合在转录后水平负性调控靶基因的表达。ｍｉＲＮＡ发挥类似于癌基因或抑癌基因的作用,参与肿瘤细胞的增殖、分化和细胞凋亡过程。乳腺癌是目前女性最常见的恶性肿瘤,ｍｉＲＮＡ在乳腺癌中的研究也是当前一大热点,ｍｉＲＮＡ在乳腺癌的诊断和治疗方面具有广阔的应用前景。本文就ｍｉＲＮＡ与乳腺癌相关的研究热点与难点作一综述。     

循环microRNA在胃癌临床诊断及预后中的研究进展

microRNAs（miRNAs）是一类长约22个核苷酸的内源性非编码RNA分子,通过与靶基因mRNA 3'-非编码区相互作用引起靶基因mRNA降解或翻译抑制,在转录后水平发挥着重要的调控功能。有关miRNA在癌症中的功能已经进行了广泛研究,最近发现外周血等体液中存在miRNA,并且多种癌症患者的外周血miRNA表达谱发生特异性改变。越来越多证据表明循环miRNA可作为一种新颖的分子标志物应用于癌症诊断和预后评估。本文针对循环miRNA在胃癌诊断、评估和预后等方面的研究进展进行综述。     

胃癌相关microRNA的研究

microRNA通过对基因表达的调控参与生命过程中一系列重要进程。它对肿瘤的标记高效、敏感而特异,提示其可能成为众多疾病有价值的诊断标志物和治疗靶点。目前,microRNA作为生物学治疗靶标已经取得实验性进展。本文就胃癌相关microRNA的研究进展做一综述。     

miRNA 在膀胱癌中的研究进展

miRNA（microRNA）是一种小的单链非编码 RNA,具有转录后调节基因表达的作用。最近研究发现 miRNA 在膀胱癌的发生、发展和预后中发挥重要作用。本文对相关研究进行综述,以期更好地理解膀胱癌的发生机理,并为其辅助诊断和治疗提供理论基础。     

The Japanese guidelines for gastric cancer screening

Background: Gastric cancer is the leading cause of death from cancer inJapan. In 2004, there were 50 562 deaths from gastric cancer;they accounted for 15.8% of the total number of cancer deaths.Since 1983, under the Health Service Law for the Aged, gastriccancer screening has been conducted nationwide for all residentsaged 40 years and over. Methods: On the basis of the standardized method developed for the JapaneseGuidelines for Cancer Screening, the efficacies of various methodsfor gastric cancer screening were evaluated and the guidelinewas developed. Results: Four methods for gastric cancer screening were evaluated: photofluorography,endoscopy, serum pepsinogen testing and Helicobacter pyloriantibody testing. On the basis of the analytic framework involvingkey questions, 1715 articles, published from January 1985 toFebruary 2005, were selected using MEDLINE, the Japanese MedicalResearch Database and other methods. After the systematic literaturereview, 10 articles were identified as direct evidence and 49articles as indirect evidence. The studies that evaluated mortalityreduction from gastric cancer included five case–controland two cohort studies for radiographic screening. On the basisof the balance of benefits and harms, the recommendations forpopulation-based and opportunistic screening were formulated.Gastric cancer screening using photofluorography was recommendedfor both screening programs. The other methods were not recommendedfor population-based screening due to insufficient evidence. Conclusions: The guideline for gastric cancer screening guideline was developedbased on the previously established method. Gastric cancer screeningusing photofluorography is recommended for population-basedand opportunistic screening in Japan.     

Elevated serum gastrin levels in patients with gastric cancer

Elevated plasma gastrin levels have been found in patients with colorectal cancer. We measured fasting serum gastrin levels in control subjects (n = 12), patients with gastric cancer (n = 43), and patients with carcinoma of the esophagus (n = 55). Serum gastrin levels were significantly higher in patients with gastric cancer compared to normal controls (P less than 0.005) and those with esophageal cancer (P less than 0.05). This information may add to our understanding of the pathogenesis of gastric cancer.