女医学生吸烟状况及认知调查分析

目的:调查医学院校女生的吸烟状况以及与吸烟相关的知识、态度及行为。方法:采取分层随机抽样方法,对某医学院398名女生展开问卷调查,进行横断面调查研究。结果:被调查女生中现在吸烟率(5.0%)和戒烟率(6.8%)均较低;在不同的专业中,现在吸烟率的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);城市生源的女生吸烟率和尝试吸烟率均高于农村生源的女生(P<0.01)。被调查女生对于吸烟危害知识缺乏,>85%的女生知晓吸烟是肺癌和慢性阻塞性肺疾病的危险因素,<45%的女生知晓吸烟是自发性流产、心脏病和多种疾病的危险因素。大部分被调查女生对女性吸烟持消极态度,不同专业的女生在对于女性吸烟的态度上差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。城市生源的女生对于女性吸烟的态度更积极,她们认为女性吸烟看起来很酷、很有魅力的百分率均高于农村生源的女生(P<0.05)。结论:医学院校的女生对于吸烟相关知识明显缺乏。医学院校应该利用自身的专业优势,采取有效的控烟策略以预防未来的医务工作者吸烟和指导患者戒烟。     

医科大学生吸烟状况调查

作者采用系统抽样方法，调查了医科大学生的吸烟状况。结果显示医科大学生吸烟率为３３．５４％，男生吸烟率显著高于女生；汉族男生偶尔、经常吸烟率明显低于维吾尔族或其他民族；吸烟率随在校时间的增加呈上升趋势。并对男生吸烟者开始吸烟年龄、吸烟量、烟草种类、吸烟心理动机及戒烟情况做了相应分析。     

广州市医科大学生实验室生物安全认知情况的调查及对策

目的 通过对广州市各大医科大学的调查,了解医学生对实验室生物安全知识的认知情况.方法 运用分层随机抽样的方法,采用当场问卷的方式实施调查.结果 调查显示,大部分学生听说过实验室生物安全(69.4%),但是对其具体内容如病原微生物的危害评估等知识的了解程度有限(37.9%).结论 医学生对实验室生物安全知识的了解程度有待提高.学校应加强实验室生物安全教育.     

湖北省十堰市城区居民对吸烟危害认知程度及戒烟现状调查分析

目的:观察十堰市城区居民的吸烟、戒烟情况以及对主动吸烟和被动吸烟危害的认识,为有针对性的制定实施控烟措施提供实践基础。方法:采取随机偶遇抽样方法,在湖北省十堰市二堰、三堰、五堰、六堰四个地区分别对常驻居民进行面对面答题式问卷调查,获取相关数据并进行统计学分析。结果:城区居民男性吸烟率达48.54%,且受不同职业、年龄和文化程度的影响(P0.05);与主动吸烟比较认为被动吸烟危害较大的人群中女性较多(69.27%,P=0.001),而年龄和文化对其影响不大;城区居民对少见的烟草相关疾病如胰腺癌等知晓度较低,认知度仅为7%;受身体健康因素影响,居民戒烟率和戒烟成功率都比较高,戒烟率达69.92%,其中被动戒烟成功率为40%,认识到烟草危害而主动戒烟的成功率为34.92%。结论:十堰市城区居民男性吸烟状况较重,群众对烟草危害认知却比较清楚;烟民戒烟率居较高水平,但常受到主观心理因素的影响。     

医科大学生焦虑情况调查

采用ＺＵＮＧ氏焦虑量表（ＳＡＳ）对３２２名在校医科大学生进行了调查。结果表明：样本群体中，具有焦虑状态的人数占总数的３１．７％。一年级学生的ＳＡＳ得分高于其他年级。另外，在被调查的大学生中，男生焦虑水平高于女生，且具有焦虑状态者的比例也是男生高于女生。     

济宁市城区小学生被动吸烟现状及认知影响因素分析

目的：了解济宁市城区小学生被动吸烟现状、对烟草危害的认知情况及影响因素。方法采用分层整群抽样方法,抽取济宁市城区小学5所,教育培训机构4个,共向1355名三至五年级小学生发放问卷,有效应答率为90．55％。结果济宁市城区小学生被动吸烟率为66．91％,尝试吸烟率为9．16％。五年级小学生对家人和同伴吸烟持否定态度的比例低于三、四年级（χ2分别为6．427、9．44,P分别为0．04、0．009）。老师及学校控烟情况在不同年级间差异有统计学意义（χ2分别为17．579、24．557．P＜0．001）,五年级小学生课堂讲授吸烟危害健康相关知识比例较高。logistic回归分析结果为：帮家人买烟是影响小学生对被动吸烟危害健康认知的危险因素,OR＝2．416,95％ CI（1．356～4．304）,听说过被动吸烟、老师曾讲解吸烟危害健康、学校设有烟草危害的宣传教育栏、学校有禁止吸烟的标志或警示性标语是小学生对被动吸烟有害健康认知的保护因素。结论济宁市城区小学生被动吸烟率和尝试吸烟率均较高,提高家庭成员的控烟意识,加强校园控烟教育,建设无烟校园,是减少小学生被动吸烟危害的有效措施。     

医学生吸烟现状及控烟知识信念的调查

目的：旨在调查医学生吸烟行为及其对控烟工作的认知和信念，为控烟工作的开展提供可靠依据。方法：选取南通医学院1999年临床医学系本一一年级358名及五年级234名为调查对象，采用自填式问卷进行调查。结果：一年级吸烟率为0．48％；五年级吸烟率为10．71％；一年级和五年级分别有93．64％和93．60％的人认为吸烟有害健康，两个年级的学生对通过社会方法途径控烟的赞成率调查，对医务人员参与控烟工作的态度较为积极。结论：在医学生中开展控烟工作干预措施是必不可少的。     

吉林省成年人吸烟现状及其对吸烟危害认知程度的调查分析

目的：了解吉林省成年人吸烟、被动吸烟、戒烟状况和对烟草相关危害的认知与控烟态度,为吉林省制定控烟相关政策提供科学依据。方法：采用多阶段分层随机整群抽样方法,共收集吉林省18~79岁常住居民21 435人,采取调查问卷和体格检查相结合的方式,分析吉林省不同人群吸烟率、戒烟率、被动吸烟率、烟草相关知识知晓率和控烟态度。结果：吉林省成年人吸烟率为31.8%,男性成年人吸烟率高于女性（52.9%vs 9.4%, P<0.001）,农村高于城市（33.2% vs 30.7%,P<0.001）。不同年龄、文化程度、婚姻状况、职业和家庭月收入的成年人吸烟率差异均有统计学意义（P<0.001）。吉林省成年人戒
烟率为18.6%,不同年龄、婚姻、职业和家庭月收入人群间的戒烟率差异均有统计学意义（P<0.001）。成人被动吸烟率为60.5%;被动吸烟场所以家里和工作场所居多,分别占33.4%和21.7%。调查对象中支持公共场所禁烟、餐馆禁烟和加大政府控烟力度百分比分别为93.4%、92.0%和93.9%。女性烟草相关知识的知晓率低于男性（P<0.001）,农村低于城市(P<0.05);其中对于“低焦油含量香烟危害与一般香烟相当”知晓率较低,仅为15.3%。结论：吉
林省成年人吸烟率和被动吸烟率高于2002年全国吸烟率和被动吸烟率,烟草相关知识知晓率较低,对控烟支持程度较高。     

银川市某医院医生吸烟及其危害认知状况调查

目的了解银川市某医院医务人员吸烟相关行为和对吸烟危害的认知状况。方法采用随机整群抽样方法,抽取该医院22个科室的所有在岗医生共计330人作为调查对象,采用华西医科大学编制的调查问卷对所有调查对象进行问卷调查。结果 1)调查的医生中尝试吸烟率46.0%,其中男性为61.7%,女性为19.7%;吸烟率为24.1%,其中男性36.4%,女性3.3%;2)男性尝试吸烟率高于女性,麻醉、康复、外科等科室医生的吸烟率均在57%以上,高于其它科室,其差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);3)90.0%的医生认为主动吸烟及被动吸烟与肺部疾病相关,但对与其他系统疾病关系认识不足;4)95.1%的医生认为医务人员应该在控烟活动中起表率作用;73.1%的被调查者在过去1周里建议过自己的患者戒烟。结论银川市某医院吸烟人群以男性为重点人群,以麻醉、外科等科室为重点科室;应加强对医务人员的健康教育和戒烟、控烟知识培训,以培养其控烟意识,并提高其戒烟服务能力和控烟能力。     

医学生对安乐死的认知和态度调查

目的:调查医学生对安乐死的认知和态度,并分析可能的影响因素,为医学伦理教育提供参考依据.方法:采用自行设计的问卷对某医学院校526名本科生进行关于安乐死认知和态度方面的调查.结果:526名被调查者中,安乐死知晓率为63.9%,被调查者表示对安乐死有所了解,但了解的内容和范围有限,94.3%的被调查者认为生命权属于个人,但对于个人是否有权利决定自己生死则表现得较为矛盾.被调查者均承认安乐死属于跨学科、跨领域的争议性问题,63.9%赞成安乐死,63.5%表示安乐死在我国立法是非常必要的.58.7%表示在本人面临是否选择安乐死时要视具体情况而定,64.6%的被调查者在面对亲人选择安乐死时表示不会主动建议,但会支持其决定.结论:多数调查者对安乐死有一定的了解,但是受我国传统思想观念的影响,医学生对于死亡和安乐死的认识有限,被调查者对实施安乐死态度较为严谨,应加强医学生伦理教育和死亡教育,正确引导医学生认识死亡,正确看待安乐死.     

医学生抑郁情绪状况及原因调查

采用自评抑郁量表调查遵义医学院临床医学专业大学三年级学生抑郁情况及原因。结果见63.08%学生无抑郁情绪,36.92%学生有不同程度的抑郁,其中轻度占多数。引起抑郁的主要原因有学习压力过大、人际关系紧张、家庭经济困难、恋爱受挫等。本校医学生抑郁情况较突出,应采取相应措施,以防止或降低其抑郁情绪的发生。     

在校医学生与非医学生角膜捐献意识调查与分析

目的了解在校医学生与非医学生角膜捐献意识的差别。方法以调查问卷形式,对承德市4所大学875名在校学生进行调查。结果875份问卷调查,有效答卷814份。有意向捐献角膜人数、支持亲友捐献角膜人数,在校医学生均高于非医学生。对角膜捐献缺乏了解,成为不能捐献的最主要因素。结论在非医学生中加强角膜捐献知识和角膜捐献意识的宣传教育十分必要。     

The status of tobacco use and knowledge, and attitudes relating to smoking among female students in a Bengbu medical school

Objective: To learn the status of tobacco use, and the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors among female students in Bengbu Medical College. Methods: In a cross-sectional survey, questionnaires were completed by 634 female students in the medical college in 2007,including the prevalence of current smoking, their knowledge of the effects of tobacco use on health, and attitudes towards the smoking behaviors of young women. Results: Only 6.9% of female medical students were former smokers, and 4.9% of them were current smokers. There was no significant difference in the current smoking rate among the students from each department surveyed. Female students from urban areas were more likely to be current or attempted smokers than those from rural areas. The proportion of the students who were aware of the health risks of smoking was less than 45%. The students from the Department of Nursing had more knowledge regarding the harmful health effects of smoking than those from the other departments. There was no significant difference in attitudes towards the smoking behaviors of young women among the students from each department. Compared with female students from rural areas, the female students from urban areas were significantly more likely to think that a young woman who smoked was cool, mature and charming. Conclusion: The smoking prevalence of the female students in Bengbu Medical College is high. They are not aware of the smoking related risks and have erroneous beliefs and perceptions about female smoking behaviors.     

当前医患关系背景下高校医学生人文精神的培养

随着当今社会的发展和制度的改革,医患纠纷和医患冲突频发,医患关系愈发紧张。造成医患关系的因素有很多,其中,医学人文精神的缺失是主要的影响因素。要实现医学人文精神的理性重归,促使医患关系的良性发展,需要从医学院校的医学人文教育这一源头做起,从明确医学人文精神的培养目标、构建合理的医学人文课程体系、提升师资队伍的人文素质水平、营造富于医学人文气息的校园文化四个方面,培养和提升医学生的医学人文素养。     

Waterpipe (narghile) smoking among medical and non-medical university students in Turkey

Abstract

Objectives. This investigation was performed in order to determine the prevalence rate of waterpipe smoking in students of Erciyes University and the effects of some socio-demographic factors.

Methods. A total of 645 students who study the first three grades of the medical faculty and the engineering faculty of Erciyes University were enrolled in the study. A questionnaire including 48 questions was applied. Chi-square test and logistic regression method were performed for the statistical analyses.

Results. The total prevalence rate of waterpipe smoking was found to be 32.7%. The prevalence rate of waterpipe smoking was 28.6% in the medical and 37.5% in the non-medical students. It was determined that 41.6% of the males and 20.2% of the females currently smoke waterpipe. Gender, cigarette smoking, and the presence of waterpipe smokers among family members and friends have significant effects on the prevalence of waterpipe smoking. Residence and economical status of the family and with whom the students live have no significant effect on the prevalence rate.

Conclusions. Approximately one-third of the students currently smoke waterpipe. Smoking of both cigarette and waterpipe was frequently found. The measures against all tobacco products should be combined.     

Waterpipe (narghile) smoking among medical and non-medical university students in Turkey

Objectives

This investigation was performed in order to determine the prevalence rate of waterpipe smoking in students of Erciyes University and the effects of some socio-demographic factors.

Methods

A total of 645 students who study the first three grades of the medical faculty and the engineering faculty of Erciyes University were enrolled in the study. A questionnaire including 48 questions was applied. Chi-square test and logistic regression method were performed for the statistical analyses.

Results

The total prevalence rate of waterpipe smoking was found to be 32.7%. The prevalence rate of waterpipe smoking was 28.6% in the medical and 37.5% in the non-medical students. It was determined that 41.6% of the males and 20.2% of the females currently smoke waterpipe. Gender, cigarette smoking, and the presence of waterpipe smokers among family members and friends have significant effects on the prevalence of waterpipe smoking. Residence and economical status of the family and with whom the students live have no significant effect on the prevalence rate.

Conclusions

Approximately one-third of the students currently smoke waterpipe. Smoking of both cigarette and waterpipe was frequently found. The measures against all tobacco products should be combined.