神经导航辅助早期微侵袭治疗高血压性壳核出血

目的探讨神经导航辅助下早期微创治疗高血压性壳核出血的安全性和疗效.方法对20例诊断为高血压性壳核出血患者,神经导航辅助下行经单孔穿刺血肿,吸除大部分血肿后,留置引流;并与同期18例常规开颅手术进行比较.结果导航治疗组平均住院时间为(14±6)d,出院时基本痊愈7例,显著进步8例,进步3例,无变化1例,死亡1例;常规开颅组平均住院时间为(38±31)d,出院时基本痊愈1例,显著进步2例,进步7例,无变化1例,死亡7例.结论神经导航辅助下早期微创治疗高血压性壳核出血,可以明显改善患者的预后.     

神经导航辅助下内镜微创治疗基底节区高血压脑出血的研究

目的探讨神经导航辅助下内镜微创治疗基底节区高血压性脑出血的疗效。方法回顾性分析47例高血压性基底节区脑出血患者,22例行神经导航辅助下内镜微创手术,25例患者行开颅显微镜下血肿清除术。结果神经导航辅助下内镜组手术时间、术中出血量、切口长度、血肿清除率及预后显著优于开颅显微镜手术治疗组(P0.05)。结论神经导航辅助下经额内镜微创治疗基底节区高血压脑出血能够减少手术创伤,改善预后效果。     

微创引流术治疗高血压性壳核出血的临床研究

目的 探讨微创脑内血肿液化引流术治疗高血压性脑壳核出血的疗效.方法 将360例高血压脑出血患者随机分为微创引流组、内科治疗组和开颅手术组.微创引流组根据脑CT显示血肿的不同情况行微创引流术,壳核及脑室出血选择额部入路,保留引流至CT显示血肿消失.内科治疗组以药物治疗为主.开颅手术组则于全麻下进行手术清除血肿.结果 微创引流组治疗后临床神经功能缺损程度评分为(16.14±11.27)分,内科治疗组为(31.43±10.42)分,开颅手术组为(24.20±12.23)分,微创引流组低于其他2组(P<0.01或0.05).3组疗效比较有统计学意义.随访显示:3组患者ADL分级及随访病死率有统计学意义(P<0.01).结论 微创引流术是治疗高血压性脑壳核出血的有效方法.     

小骨窗开颅神经内镜手术治疗高血压壳核出血

目的：探讨小骨窗开颅神经内镜手术治疗高血压壳核出血的方法。方法：采用小骨窗开颅神经内镜手术治疗高血压壳核出血19例。结果：19例手术均获成功,术后24～48h CT复查血肿清除率≥90%14例,≥80%5例,术后无再出血及手术死亡。结论：小骨窗开颅神经内镜手术治疗高血压壳核出血附加损伤小,术后恢复好。     

高血压性壳核出血微创介入软通道外引流

目的 探讨应用微创液化引流术治疗高血压性壳核出血的疗效.方法 对27例高血压性壳核出血患者,在CT定位引导下,依据壳核血肿的形态、大小及患者的病情,选择适宜的穿刺点、方向,行CT平面导向下的微创液化引流术,清除血肿.结果 27例患者出院25例,死亡2例,病死率为7.4%,对27例患者随访2个月至1年,以日常生活活动量表(ADL)评估患者神经功能,ADL 15例(20%),ADL 27例(28%),ADL 35例(20%),ADL 44例(16%),ADL 54例(16%).结论 应用微创液化引流术治疗壳核出血,能最大限度地清除血肿,避免或减少并发症,具有较大的优越性.     

超早期高血压壳核出血开颅血肿清除术与钻孔引流术的疗效比较

目的 比较开颅血肿清除术及钻孔置软管引流尿激酶溶解术对超早期高血压壳核出血的治疗效果.方法 回顾分析165例超早期高血压壳核出血患者的临床资料,其中开颅组69例,钻孔引流组96例,2组病例在出血量、年龄、合并症及意识状态等方面均无明显差异.开颅组在全身麻醉后骨瓣开颅,直视下清除血肿;钻孔置软管引流组在局部麻醉+强化麻醉下钻孔置软管尿激酶冲洗引流.结果 开颅组死亡23例,病死率33.3%(23/69);钻孔引流组死亡11例,病死率11.5%(11/96),2组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 钻孔置软管引流尿激酶溶解术是治疗超早期高血压壳核出血的较好方法.     

微创置软管引流治疗硬膜外血肿

目的 探讨微创置软管引流治疗硬膜外血肿临床应用.方法 回顾性分析27例硬膜外血肿患者进行微创置软管引流治疗硬膜外血肿的临床资料.结果 27例中有1例在引流中出血、血肿增多,改开颅手术,余住院5～12 d痊愈出院.结论 与传统开颅手术相比,微创置软管引流治疗硬膜外血肿方法简单、安全、创伤小,可推广使用.     

高血压性壳核出血微创治疗的临床研究

目的研究应用微创液化引流术治疗高血压性壳核出血的疗效。方法对26例高血压性壳核出血患者,在CT引导下,依据壳核血肿的形态≮大小及患者的病情,选择适宜的穿刺点、方向,行CT平面导向下的微创液化引流术,清除血肿。结果26倒患者出院23例,死亡3例,病死率为11．5％;对23例患者随访6个月-1年,以日常生活活动量表（ADL）评估患者神经功能,ADL3 11例（47．8％）,ADk6例（26．0％）,ADL3 3例（13．0％）,AOL6 2例（8,7％）,ADL51例（4.3％）.结论 应用微创液化引流术治疗壳核出血,能最大限度地清除血肿,避免或减轻并发症,具有创伤小、痛苦少、危险性小。手术简单、住院时间短、医疗费用低等优点。     

34例高血压脑出血开颅与微创清除血肿分析

目的:探讨微创与开颅血肿清除术对高血压脑出血治疗的可行性和有效性,为临床提供适宜的治疗措施。方法:应用开颅血肿清除治疗高血压脑出血18例,应用微创血肿清除治疗高血压脑出血16例。结果:开颅血肿清除抢救成功12例,抢救成功率66.6%。微创血肿清除抢救成功8例,抢救成功率50%;其中出血8h内手术12例,抢救成功4例;4例在出血后3～5d手术均抢救成功。结论:高血压脑出血早期,血肿量大,中线移位明显,特别是伴有脑疝时,应开颅血肿清除。出血早期因微创术有引起再出血的危险,要慎用。出血3d后的患者,出血已停止,血肿已液化,适宜微创血肿清除。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.