动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血的早期诊断及治疗

目的探讨动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血（SAH）的早期诊断方法及治疗原则,并客观评价其治疗效果。方法对SAH患者采用影像学检查,结合病史、临床表现进行早期病因诊断;并对96例动脉瘤早期采用电解可脱性弹簧圈进行囊内栓塞;术后早期对症治疗。结果96个动脉瘤均被早期诊断并成功栓塞,其中100％闭塞者83个,95％闭塞者8个,90％闭塞者5个。术中并发动脉瘤破裂3例;并发脑血管痉挛5例;术后1例弹簧圈末端逸出;3例复发者均经二次补充电解可脱性弹圈（GDC）栓塞治愈。全组出现与栓塞技术相关的并发症9例;与SAH有关的永久性后遗症13例（13．5％）。Glasgow预后评分：Ⅰ级77例、Ⅱ级7例、Ⅲ级6例、Ⅳ级3例、Ⅴ级3例,死亡率3．1％。结论对破裂的动脉瘤性SAH进行早期病因学诊断,并采用电解可脱性弹簧圈进行动脉瘤囊内栓塞,术后积极对症治疗是提高动脉瘤性SAH治愈率和降低死亡率、致残率的重要方法。     

电解可脱性弹簧圈血管内栓塞颅内动脉瘤的技术及并发症防治

目的总结以电解可脱性弹簧圈(GDC)血管内栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤的技术要点、并发症及其防治经验。方法采用GDC对168例颅内动脉瘤患者进行动脉瘤囊内栓塞。结果成功栓塞168个动脉瘤,其中100%闭塞的144个,95%闭塞的14个,90%闭塞的10个;全组6例死亡,死亡率3.6%。术中并发动脉瘤破裂3例,脑血管痉挛9例,脑梗死2例,术后弹簧圈末端逸出2例;3例复发者经二次补充GDC栓塞而治愈。随访5~54个月,全组术后均无再出血。结论动脉瘤的血管内治疗应根据病情进行个体化设计,并采用与之相应的栓塞技术才能最大限度的提高动脉瘤栓塞的治愈率、降低并发症。     

颅内动脉瘤破裂出血后假性动脉瘤的血管内治疗时机与并发症防治

目的探讨颅内动脉瘤破裂出血后在其破口周围所形成的假性动脉瘤与真性动脉瘤（TAN-FAN）复合体的血管内栓塞时机及并发症防治方法。方法采用电解可脱性弹簧圈对58例TAN—FAN复合体进行血管内栓塞。结果58例TAN—FAN复合体中24例（41．4％）为出血后7天内进行栓塞，20例（34．5％）为出血后7天～2周内进行栓塞，14例（24．1％）为出血后2周～1个月内进行栓塞。58个动脉瘤均被成功栓塞，其中真性动脉瘤腔100％闭塞者46个，95％闭塞者9个，90％闭塞者3个；13例A型与31例B型假性动脉瘤腔均未行弹簧圈填塞，14例C型中11例仅用弹簧圈疏松填塞假性动脉瘤腔，另3例用3D-GDC仅栓塞真性动脉瘤腔部分。术中并发动脉瘤破裂1例；并发脑血管痉挛2例；并发脑梗死3例。1例复发者经二次补充GDC栓塞而治愈。其治疗结果根据Glasgow预后评分：Ⅰ级43例，Ⅱ级11例，Ⅲ级3例，全组死亡1例，死亡率1．7％。术后随访3～60个月均无再出血。结论对动脉瘤破裂后形成的TAN—FAN复合体应早期进行血管内栓塞；只有根据TAN—FAN复合体不同的类型采用不同的栓塞方法进行个体化治疗，并具有丰富的动脉瘤栓塞经验，才能最大限度的降低并发症。     

显微手术和介入治疗急性期颅内动脉瘤破裂的对比性研究

目的 比较显微外科手术和血管内介入治疗急性期颅内动脉瘤破裂的疗效和相关并发症。方法 82例破裂性颅内动脉瘤，均在蛛网膜下腔出血急性期(72h以内)行外科治疗，其中行显微手术瘤颈夹闭40例，血管内电解可脱性弹簧圈栓塞治疗42例。对两组疗效和并发症进行对比分析。结果 显微手术组，完全夹闭率92．5％，手术相关并发症4例，死亡2例。弹簧圈栓塞组，完全闭塞率71．4％，栓塞组相关并发症6例，死亡1例。在前循环动脉瘤中，栓塞组完全闭塞率与手术组完全夹闭率相比较，显微手术组结果优于栓塞组。临床随访6个月，两者预后良好者均达95．0％。结论 显微瘤颈夹闭术和血管内栓寒治疗均是颅内动脉瘤治疗的有效方法。     

电解可脱性弹簧圈治疗前交通动脉瘤

前交通动脉瘤的发生率占全部颅内囊性动脉瘤的30％-35％，其破裂出血是蛛网膜下腔出血（SAH）常见的病因之一。1991年Guglielmi等发明电解可脱性弹簧圈（Guglielmi detachable coils，GDC）用于颅内动脉瘤的治疗，到如今应用日趋广泛。本文选择2006年1月至2007年6月本院DSA证实。并用电解可脱性弹簧圈（GDC）作血管内治疗前交通动脉瘤16例进行分析，探讨其技术特点。     

超早期血管内栓塞治疗破裂的前交通动脉瘤

目的 总结超早期血管内栓塞治疗破裂的前交通动脉瘤的技术、术后处理和临床疗效.方法 使用微弹簧圈在48 h内进行血管内介入栓塞21例破裂的前交通动脉瘤,其中宽颈动脉瘤5例,行球囊辅助成形微弹簧圈栓塞术,术毕均行腰大池持续外引流术.结果 栓塞21例前交通动脉瘤,其中填塞＞90% 16例,填塞80%~90% 5例.19例完全...     

脑血管

高血压丘脑出血破入脑室的分型和治疗;中脑周围蛛网膜下腔出血32例临床分析及长期随访研究;89例颅内动脉瘸栓塞术后血管造影随访报告；ICAM-1、MMP-2基因在颈动脉内膜切除术后早期再狭窄中的动态表达；Matrix电解弹簧圈栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤；控制性低血压麻醉对颅内动脉瘤破裂后早期手术患者的影响     

血管内微弹簧圈栓塞术治疗颅内动脉瘤的临床分析

目的探讨血管内微弹簧圈栓塞术治疗颅内动脉瘤的临床价值。方法对92例动脉瘤患者实行血管内微弹簧圈栓塞术,其中单纯微弹簧圈栓塞80例,Solitaire支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞12例。结果 92例动脉瘤均成功栓塞,其中完全栓塞67例,大部分栓塞17例,部分栓塞8例,术后死亡2例,皆为术前Hunt-Hess分级Ⅳ级,术中动脉瘤破裂出血,1例为广泛蛛网膜下腔出血,1例为大量额叶脑内血肿。应用Logistic回归分析显示患者年龄、高血压及Hunt-Hess分级是影响动脉瘤预后的危险因素。结论血管内微弹簧圈栓塞术治疗颅内动脉瘤可有效防止动脉瘤破裂出血,有很好的临床应用价值。     

126例前交通动脉瘤的介入治疗

目的：探讨前交通动脉瘤介入治疗的特点,以提高临床疗效。方法：经血管内途径,采用可脱性弹簧圈对126例前交通动脉瘤患者行栓塞治疗,未能栓塞者多数行手术治疗。结果：成功栓塞109例,其中100％闭塞97例,95％－98％闭塞12例。17例栓塞未成功者,行外科手术治疗15例,2例因脑血管痉挛而未进行处理。123例患者治疗后痊愈;1例死亡;2例栓塞失败后未进行治疗的患者,分别随访5个月及1年,动脉瘤自愈。本组32例治疗后获随访3周－30个月,行脑血管造影,30例动脉瘤未见显影;2例复发,经再次栓塞后治愈。结论：多数前交通动脉瘤可经血管内栓塞治愈,不能行血管内治疗的可行外科手术治疗,极少数病例可自愈,但远期效果仍需行长期随访观察。     

动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血的血管内治疗

颅内动脉瘤是一种常见而又危害极大的脑血管疾病，一旦破裂出血其死亡率和致残率较高，而80％-85％的自发性蛛网膜下腔出血（SAH）是由颅内动脉瘤破裂引起。20世纪90年代，一种可脱性铂金弹簧圈装置（GDC）进入临床应用领域，随着栓塞材料的改进和栓塞技术的革新，运用血管内栓塞技术治疗动脉瘤预防再出血越来越广泛的应用于治疗颅内动脉瘤患．一些研究机构甚至建议将血管内栓塞作为治疗的首选方法。本研究主要探讨这些问题．明确血管内治疗颅内动脉瘤的安全性和有效性。     

Embolization for aneurismal dilatation associated with ruptured dissecting anterior inferior cerebellar artery aneurysm with preservation of the parent artery: case report

We report a rare case of a ruptured dissecting anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) aneurysm treated by endosaccular embolization with a Guglielmi detachable coil (GDC). An 85-year-old female presented with headache. Computed tomographic (CT) scan showed subarachnoid hemorrhage and intraventricular hemorrhage in the fourth ventricule. Cerebral angiography and 3D-CT angiography revealed an aneurysmal dilatation at the anterior pontine segment of the right AICA with a diagnosis of arterial dissection. The right posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) was absent and the right AICA supplied the territory normally nourished by the right PICA. The aneurismal dilatation was occluded by endosacullar embolization with preservation of the AICA. The distal AICA aneurysm is rare and only seven cases treated with endovascular embolization have been reported. In these, six cases were treated by parent artery occlusion with coil and the subsequent three cases presented with ischemic complications. Only one case was treated by endosaccular embolization with GDC. To our knowledge, this is the second report of the distal AICA aneurysm treated by endosaccular embolization with GDC. Distal AICA aneurysms are briefly discussed while reviewing the literature.     

前循环动脉瘤的介入治疗（附40例分析）

目的 探讨前循环动脉瘤介入栓塞的临床疗效及并发症的处理.方法 对40例前循环动脉瘤患者采用介入栓塞治疗（42枚）,其中颈内动脉动脉瘤2例（2枚）,大脑中动脉动脉瘤18例（20枚）,前交通动脉瘤15例（15枚）,大脑中-后交通动脉动脉瘤5例（5枚）.结果 介入栓塞动脉瘤40例（42个）,栓塞率达100％的36个,95％的5个,90％的1个.随访共37例,3例失访.所有患者均复查头颅CT,原则上要求均复查DSA,但5例因经济原因不愿意复查DSA.32例患者均于出院后6个月复查DSA,2例复发,其中1例弹簧圈向瘤内移位,瘤颈部位复发;复查头颅CTA的患者中1例为90％栓塞,6个月后出现瘤颈少许显影,2例患者均再次使用电解可脱式铂金螺旋圈后达100％栓塞.术后恢复良好.结论 采用电解可脱式铂金螺旋圈治疗前循环动脉瘤效果好、并发症少、恢复快,近期效果显著.     

颅内动脉瘤栓塞术围手术期护理策略及术中瘤体破裂的护理配合

目的探讨颅内动脉瘤行MicroPlex弹簧圈系统(MCS)栓塞术的围手术期护理策略及术中瘤体破裂的护理配合。方法回顾分析行MCS栓塞术的64例颅内动脉瘤患者临床资料(其中4例患者术中发生瘤体破裂),动脉瘤位于前交通动脉23例,后交通动脉17例,大脑前动脉14例,大脑中动脉9例,左颈内动脉1例。结果术中瘤体破裂4例,仍继续施行MCS栓塞术,其中3例获得治愈,1例因术后并发脑梗塞死亡。治愈63例,均获随访,平均6(3~24)月,均未见并发症发生。结论术前健康宣教,术中积极配合,术后密切观察病情,对减少颅内动脉瘤并发症的发生以及帮助病人顺利度过围手术期均具有十分重要的作用。     

Review of endovascular stent‐assisted embolization for management of intracranial aneurysms

Objective: This was a retrospective review of the results using stent‐assisted coil embolization for management of intracranial aneurysms. Methods: The records of seven patients treated with stent‐assisted Gugliemi detachable coil (GDC) embolization were retrieved from the authors’ prospectively maintained database. The clinical presentation, site and type of aneurysms, treatment procedure and complications, and outcome of these identified cases were reviewed. Results: Between January 2002 and May 2004, seven patients with intracranial aneurysms, four of which were ruptured, were treated by stent‐assisted GDC embolization. Four aneurysms were located at the anterior circulation and three were at the posterior circulation. The indications for stent use were: giant aneurysm (>2.5 cm), dissecting pseudo‐aneurysm, broad‐necked aneurysm and the need for preservation of important parent arteries or branches. Concerning the technical aspect, all except one had successful stent deployment. One stent dislodged after apparent successful deployment. GDC embolization was continued and the aneurysm was partially occluded. More than 90% occlusion of aneurysm sac was achieved in six aneurysms. Intraoperative complications included over‐coagulation, failure in stent deployment, displacement of stent, coil entrapment and thromboembolism. One patient had added focal neurological deficit after the procedure, and one became vegetative due to an unrelated cause. The patient in whom the stent was dislodged suffered another subarachnoid haemorrhage 4 months later and died. Conclusion: Percutaneous intracranial stent is a new and useful device to assist embolization of cerebral aneurysms that were previously not amenable to endovascular therapy. These preliminary results suggest that this procedure could achieve satisfactory outcomes without significant complications.     

肾动脉栓塞治疗肾脏疾病(附102例报告)

目的 研究选择性或超选择性肾动脉栓塞对肾肿瘤、肾脓肿和肾出血性疾病等的治疗方法及效果。方法 采用Seldinger法经皮穿刺行股动脉插管，以明胶海绵为主要栓塞材料，选择性肾动脉栓塞治疗肾癌63例、肾脓肿4例、错构瘤9例、外伤性肾破裂23例、及1例体外冲击波碎石后和2例肾实质切开取石术后严重持续血尿患者，其中60例肾癌及4例肾脓肿栓塞后2～5d(平均3d)行手术治疗，3例晚期肾癌行单纯栓塞治疗；9例错构瘤栓塞用无水酒精和(或)明胶海绵，26例出血性疾病采用明胶海绵或(和)自体凝血块等。结果 60例肾癌、4例肾脓肿栓塞后体积缩小、肾周水肿带明显、出血少；3例晚期肾癌行单纯栓塞治疗后1例已存活5年，2例存活6～9个月，26例肾出血性疾病除1例外伤性肾破裂改行手术外，余均经栓塞治愈，随访1个月～18年，除1例IVU未显影、1例有轻微肾萎缩外，其余均正常。结论 肾动脉栓塞是治疗肾脏疾病的一种安全、有效的方法，并发症少、能最大限度保留肾脏。     

Ruptured middle cerebral artery aneurysm successfully treated by intra-aneurysmal GDC embolization in a patient with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura: a case report]

We report a case of a ruptured middle cerebral artery (MCA) aneurysm treated by an intra-aneurysmal Guglielmi detachable coil (GDC) embolization in a patient with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). A 57-year-old female, who had been suffering from ITP for 4 years, experienced sudden severe headache. She was diagnosed as having subarachnoid hemorrhage due to a ruptured MCA aneurysm and the hematological examination showed moderate thrombocytopenia. Considering the risk of open surgery, we treated the aneurysm by intra-aneurysmal GDC embolization in the acute stage and platelet transfusion was carried out after the therapy. She had a good clinical course and recovered without any complications or neurological symptoms. The follow-up cerebral angiogram at 1 week and 2 years after the treatment showed complete obliteration of the aneurysm. Recently, endovascular treatment tends to be applied to surgically high-risk patients. A GDC embolization for a patient with thrombocytopenia has rarely been reported and the risk and efficacy is unknown. So, we conclude that for a patient with thrombocytopenia, intra-aneurysmal GDC embolization could be adopted as one of the less invasive treatment for ruptured aneurysm.     

Treatment of Visceral Artery Aneurysms: Description of a Retrospective Series of 42 Aneurysms in 34 Patients

Visceral artery aneurysms (VAA) can be treated by revascularization, ligation, or, most often, endovascular techniques depending on clinical presentation, hemodynamic status, and location. From 1975 to 2002 a total of 42 VAA in 34 patients were treated. The lesion involved the splenic artery (SA; 19), pancreaticoduodenal artery (PDA; 6), celiac trunk (CT; 5), superior mesenteric artery (SNA; 4), common hepatic artery (CHA; 3), gastroduodenal artery (GDA; 2), left hepatic artery (LHA; 1), a branch of the inferior mesenteric artery (BIMA; 1), and a branch of the SMA (BSMA; 1). Twenty-seven VAA in 21 patients (64%) were uncomplicated (group I) and 15 VAA in 13 patients (36%) had ruptured (group II) (PDA; 6; CT, 3; SA, 1; CHA, 1; LHA, 1; BSMA, 1; BIMA, 1). In group I VAA were treated by embolization (n = 11), splenectomy (n = 6), bypass (n = 7), ligation (n = 2), and aneurysmorraphy (n = 1). No deaths were observed. The morbidity rate associated with surgical treatment was 12% including hepatic bypass thrombosis without ischemic complications in two cases. The morbidity rate associated with endovascular treatment was 18% including cholecystitis in one case and bile duct stenosis in one case. The VAA recanalization rate following embolization was 9%. In group II, 12 VAA (80%) were treated by ligation in association with splenectomy in two cases and left hepatectomy in one case. Only one bypass procedure was performed and embolization was used to treat two VAA (1 SMA and 1 PDA). The mortality rate was 20% (3/15). The morbidity rate associated with surgical treatment was 46% (6/13) including bile duct stenosis in one case, ischemic cholecystitis in one case, duodenal fistula in one case, pancreatic fistula in one case, bile tract fistula in one case, and colonic ischemia in one case. No patient died after endovascular treatment and the morbidity rate was 50% (1/2) with duodenal stenosis occurring in one case. In sum, VAA can rupture. Emergency cases can be treated by ligation in most cases or by embolization if the hemodynamic status of the patient allows. Regardless of treatment technique, the morbidity and mortality rate remains high after rupture, especially in cases involving PDA. Embolization can be proposed as a first-line treatment for most VAA. Because of the risk of rupture, endovascular or open repair is warranted for VAA and has a favorable prognosis.