女性晚期非小细胞肺癌患者的临床特点及预后分析

目的分析女性晚期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者的临床特点及其与预后的关系。方法收集218例初治女性晚期NSCLC患者的病历资料,随访3年,观察患者的总生存时间(0S)。结果218例患者中,腺癌占78.9%(172/218),中位OS为16个月(95%CI 13.257-18.743)。多因素分析结果显示,一线治疗方案、二线治疗方案与OS明显相关(P<0.05)。亚组分析显示,一线酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(tyrosine kinase inhibitor,TKI)治疗有效率为75.0%,中位OS为16个月;二线TKI有效率为35.9%,中位OS为23个月;老年患者(≥65岁)二线化疗或口服TKI与OS明显相关(P<0.05)。病理类型、肝转移、放疗与否与治疗转归相关。结论女性晚期NSCLC患者以腺癌为主,一线、二线治疗方案效果是女性晚期NSCLC患者的独立预后因素。一线TKI有效率较二线TKI有效率高,但OS无明显差异。老年患者二线化疗或口服TKI均能改善OS。非腺癌、肿瘤负荷大是临床治疗不易获益患者的临床特点。     

363例晚期老年非小细胞肺癌预后因素分析

目的回顾性分析>70岁的晚期非小细胞肺癌患者的临床资料和生存情况并进行统计学分析,探讨其预后相关因素。方法收集363例福建省肿瘤医院2006年1月至2010年12月收治>70岁的晚期非小细胞肺癌患者的临床资料和生存情况,采用Kaplan-Meier法计算生存率,Logrank检验进行单因素分析,多因素预后分析采用Cox回归模型。结果 363例患者的中位生存期为8.8个月,1年生存率为28.0%。ECOG评分、临床分期、肝转移、一线治疗疗效和靶向治疗是影响预后的独立因素(均P<0.005)。结论 ECOG评分>2分、Ⅳ期、有肝转移、一线治疗后进展和从未接受靶向治疗的晚期老年非小细胞肺癌患者预后较差。     

70岁以上晚期非小细胞肺癌的预后研究及中医药治疗疗效

目的 探讨影响晚期70岁以上非小细胞肺癌患者预后的相关因素,评价中药干预70岁以上晚期NSCLC的临床疗效。方法 采用回顾性分析,复习210例70岁以上晚期非小细胞肺癌的病历资料,统计分析影响预后的相关因素,评价中医药疗效。 结果 210例70岁以上晚期NSCLC的中位生存期为17.7个月;1年、2年、3年生存率分别为60.0%、42.2%、25.8%。单因素分析显示,年龄（是否大于75岁）、吸烟指数、组织学类型、ECOG评分、既往是否接受手术治疗、是否放疗、全身系统治疗（化疗、靶向治疗）及中医综合治疗周期与生存期均显著相关（P＜0.05）。而性别、临床分期、首诊中医证型（P＞0.05）与生存期并无显著相关性。多因素分析结果显示,吸烟（P=0.041,95%CI：1.017～1.415）、ECOG评分（P=0.044,95% CI：1.007～1.664）是预后的独立危险因素;既往手术史(P=0.002,95%CI：0.348～0.796)、全身治疗(P=0.038,95%CI:0.638～0.987)、中医综合治疗(P=0.001,95%CI:0.609～0.885)是预后的独立保护因素。结论 吸烟、ECOG评分高的老年肺癌患者预后的独立危险因素。既往手术治疗、系统全身治疗（包括化疗、靶向治疗）及中医综合治疗周期越长是70岁以上晚期NSCLC预后的独立保护因素。长期中药辨证治疗能有效延长老年晚期NSCLC生存期。对于老年晚期肺癌无法耐受其他治疗的情况下,中医药治疗可作为首选方案。     

老年人晚期非小细胞肺癌化疗疗效及预后分析

目的探讨年龄≥65岁的晚期非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）患者含铂方案化疗疗效及预后因素。方法回顾性分析70例年龄≥65岁的ⅢA～Ⅳ期NSCLC患者一线含铂方案化疗疗效及不良反应;Kaplan—Meier法分析生存情况,COX回归法进行多因素预后分析。结果全组中位化疗数为3个周期,共有53例患者可评价疗效,总有效率41．5％（22／53）,且疗效不受年龄影响（X^2=1．945,P=0．378）;中位无进展生存时间6．0个月,中位生存时间12．5个月;化疗相关血液毒性发生率高;多因素分析提示ECOG评分、远处器官转移数目、化疗周期数是影响预后的独立因素。结论老年晚期NSCLC患者一线含铂方案化疗具有较高疗效,但不良反应发生率高,化疗耐受性较差,合理选择患者是关键;ECOG评分差、多发远处器官转移患者难以从化疗中获益;而对于可耐受化疗患者,3—6周期化疗可明显改善预后。     

吉西他滨顺铂联合索拉非尼或安慰剂一线治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的随机对照研究

背景与目的新药含铂两药联合治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)的疗效已达到平台期,本研究采用前瞻性随机对照的方法比较了吉西他滨顺铂联合索拉非尼或安慰剂一线治疗晚期NSCLC的疗效和安全性。方法经细胞学或病理学证实的30例晚期NSCLC患者随机进行吉西他滨顺铂联合索拉非尼或安慰剂治疗,化疗不超过6个周期,有效或稳定的患者继续服用索拉非尼或安慰剂,直至疾病进展或不能耐受不良反应。结果实验组(索拉非尼联合化疗组)和对照组(单纯化疗组)的分布基本平衡,两组有效率(response rate,RR)分别为55.6%和41.7%(P=0.905);两组的中位无疾病进展时间(progress-free survival,PFS)相似,分别为5个月和4个月(P=0.75);两组的中位生存时间(overall survival,OS)均为18个月,无统计学差异(P=0.68)。不良反应可耐受,实验组的高血压和腹泻发生率较对照组高。Cox多因素回归分析显示,身体状况好(ECOG评分为0分)、肺癌分期早(IIIb期)、无肝转移和后续进行酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(tyrasine kinasis inhibitor,TKI)治疗的患者生存明显延长,提示这些因素为良好的预后因素。结论在常规吉西他滨顺铂化疗的基础上增加靶向药物索拉非尼并未增加RR、PFS以及OS,后续类似研究需谨慎选择合适的患者。     

吉非替尼治疗125例晚期非小细胞肺癌患者的临床观察

目的 探讨吉非替尼治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)的疗效及安全性.方法 125例经化疗失败的或不能耐受化疗及不愿接受化疗的Ⅲb～Ⅳ期NSCLC患者,口服吉非替尼250 mg/d,直到病变进展或出现不可耐受的不良反应.结果 125例患者的总有效率为35.2%(44/125),疾病控制率为77.6%(97/125),中位无疾病进展生存时间(PFS)为5.8个月,中位生存时间(MST)为11.2个月,1年生存率为40.5%%.女性、腺癌、不吸烟患者的有效率明显高于男性、非腺癌、吸烟患者(P<0.05),ECOG评分和既往有无化疗对吉非替尼疗效无显著影响(P>0.05).体力状态ECOG评分0～1和吉非替尼治疗有效患者的中位PFS明显优于ECOG评分≥2和吉非替尼治疗无效的患者(P<0.01).腺癌、不吸烟、吉非替尼治疗有效患者的MST明显优于非腺癌、吸烟和吉非替尼治疗无效的患者(P<0.05).最常见的不良反应为皮疹(51.2%)和腹泻(34.4%),多为轻度.结论 吉非替尼治疗晚期NSCLC安全、有效.不良反应轻,患者可耐受.     

老年广泛期小细胞肺癌患者的预后分析

目的:分析老年广泛期小细胞肺癌患者的独立预后因素。方法:回顾性研究2010年6月至2015年6月在安阳市肿瘤医院治疗的60例老年广泛期小细胞肺癌患者的临床资料，所有患者均经细胞学或组织病理明确诊断。采用Kaplan-Meier法计算生存时间和生存率，采用Log-rank检验单因素分析，对有统计学意义的单因素采用Cox风险模型进行多因素分析。结果:60例老年广泛期小细胞肺癌患者1年、2年、3年生存率分别为38.3%、8.3%、3.3%，中位生存时间为10.0个月。单因素分析显示年龄、ECOG评分、一线化疗疗效、化疗周期数、肝转移情况和合并慢性疾病情况是影响患者预后的因素，P值小于0.05，具有统计学差异。Cox风险模型分析显示，年龄、ECOG评分、一线化疗疗效、化疗周期数和肝转移情况对患者的总生存时间具有显著影响。结论:患者年龄、ECOG评分、一线化疗疗效、化疗周期数和肝转移情况是影响老年广泛期小细胞肺癌的独立预后因素。     

高龄晚期结肠癌患者术后化疗影响预后的因素分析

目的分析高龄晚期结肠癌患者术后化疗相关预后影响因素。方法选取接受术后化疗的结肠癌患者55例,计算患者生存率,并应用COX回归分析预后因素。结果 55例患者术后化疗1年和3年总生存率分别为81.8%(45/55)和7.27%(4/55),单因素分析结果显示:患者年龄、ECOG评分、淋巴结转移个数以及病变位置与晚期结肠癌患者术后化疗预后相关(P<0.05)。COX回归模型多因素分析结果显示:ECOG评分和淋巴结转移个数是影响术后化疗的独立预后因素。结论高龄晚期结肠癌患者的术后化疗预后影响因素较多,ECOG评分和淋巴结转移个数是影响患者生存的独立预后因素。     

影响晚期非小细胞肺癌预后的相关因素分析

目的:探讨影响晚期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)预后的相关因素,为NSCLC的治疗提供参考.方法:对72例ⅢA～Ⅳ期NSCLC患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,对晚期NSCLC预后的相关因素进行Logistic回归分析,筛选影响晚期NSCLC预后的相关因素.结果:单因素分析结果显示,KPS评分、临床分期、放化疗方式、手术与否与晚期NSCLC预后有关,x2值分别为15.421、4.676、33.124和8.932,P值分别为0.000、0.032、0.000和0.003;多因素Logistic回归法分析表明,放化疗方式、KPS评分是晚期NSCLC预后的独立因素,RR分别为2.339 37和2.136 42,P<0.05.结论:KPS评分、放疗和化疗结合方式是影响晚期NSCLC患者生存的独立预后因素,对这2个因素加以重点评估和合理控制,可为晚期NSCLC患者治疗方法选择以及预后判断提供可靠的指标.     

晚期非小细胞肺癌三线治疗疗效及生存分析

背景与目的随着高效低毒药物的出现,越来越多的晚期非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)患者有机会接受三线治疗,但目前三线的标准治疗除厄洛替尼外尚无其它选择方案。本研究旨在比较单药化疗、靶向药物与双药联合化疗在晚期NSCLC患者三线治疗中的疗效与安全性。方法回顾分析115例IIIb期/IV期接受三线治疗的NSCLC患者的疗效及生存状况。采用Kaplan-Meier曲线、Cox多因素生存分析模型进行单因素和多因素分析。结果单药组、靶向治疗组与双药联合组中位无进展生存时间(progression free survival,PFS)分别为2.30个月、3.17个月和2.37个月(P=0.045),三线治疗后的中位生存时间(overall survival,OS)分别为8.00个月、10.40个月和7.87个月(P=0.110),III度-IV度毒性反应发生率分别为33.3%、18.2%和68.8%(P<0.001)。多因素分析显示体能状况(per-formance status,PS)评分(P<0.001)是PFS的独立预后因素,既往无吸烟史(P=0.011)、PS评分0分-1分(P<0.001)和一二线治疗疗效获得疾病控制(P=0.044)是三线治疗OS的独立预后因素。结论 PS评分较好、既往不吸烟和一二线治疗疗效疾病控制的患者在三线治疗中更能获益,与化疗单药或双药相比靶向药物组PFS显示出优势。     

厄洛替尼治疗老年晚期非小细胞肺癌的临床观察

背景与目的 非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)约占肺癌的80%,其中70%以上为晚期患者.本文评价单药厄洛替尼治疗老年晚期非小细胞的客观疗效及毒副反应.方法 观察29例老年晚期NSCLC,口服厄洛替尼150 mg/d,记录临床疗效及毒副反应,共观察3个月,统计分析结果 .结果 29例患者均可评价疗效,总有效率为20.69%(6/29),其中CR 1例,PR 5例,SD 9例,PD14例.Ⅲ期与Ⅳ期患者有效率比较差异没有统计学意义(P=0.337).毒副反应主要为1-2级毒性反应,包括皮疹(37.93%)、腹泻(17.24%)和呕吐(6.9%).3例患者因严重毒性反应终止厄洛替尼治疗,其中1例患者口服21 d后出现典型肺纤维化.结论 单药厄洛替尼治疗老年NSCLC有较高的临床有效率,患者耐受性尚可,值得临床进一步研究.     

药物选择剂量分割顺序对放疗联合免疫治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌疗效的影响

非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)约占肺癌总数的85％,53％的患者在确诊时即为晚期.近年来,免疫检查点抑制剂(immune checkpoint inhibitors,ICIs)在晚期肿瘤治疗中效果显著.放疗在晚期NSCLC主要用于局部姑息治疗.研究显示免疫治疗协同放疗治...     

Antiangiogenic agents in combination with chemotherapy in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer

Most patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) present with advanced disease requiring systemic chemotherapy. Treatment with the antiangiogenic agent bevacizumab in combination with standard platinum-based doublet chemotherapy has been shown to improve outcomes in patients with advanced NSCLC. Several multitargeted antiangiogenic tyrosine kinase inhibitors (e.g., sorafenib, sunitinib, cediranib, vandetanib, BIBF 1120, pazopanib, and axitinib) are also being evaluated in combination with standard chemotherapy. Here we review current clinical data with combination therapy involving antiangiogenic agents and cytotoxic chemotherapy in patients with advanced NSCLC.     

Epidermal growth factor receptor as a target to improve treatment of lung cancer

Despite considerable efforts to reduce tobacco use, lung cancer remains the most common cancer in both men and women. Recent advances in radiation therapy and chemotherapy for lung cancer have yielded encouraging results, but survival in patients with locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains poor. As more and more molecular changes and their importance in malignant tissues continue to be characterized, approaches to target those aberrant pathways are being actively explored. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is commonly overexpressed in NSCLC, particularly squamous cell carcinoma, and has been implicated in the development and progression of this disease, although a clear correlation with prognosis has not been established. Several different strategies have been developed to target and block the EGFR and its downstream effects, and some of them have been intensively studied in preclinical and clinical studies as a single-agent approach or in combination with radiation therapy or chemotherapy. In this article, we review the role of EGFR in lung cancer, as well as preclinical and clinical data on strategies to interfere with EGFR signaling alone or in combination with chemotherapy, radiation, or both.     

盐酸埃克替尼的药理学及临床研究进展

非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）约占肺癌的80％～85％。晚期NSCLC主要以内科治疗为主,既往主要应用化疗,但疗效差。近年来,表皮生长因子受体酪氨酸激酶抑制剂（EGFR-TKI）的应用为NSCLC的治疗提出了新的突破。盐酸埃克替尼作为一种国产的EGFR-TKI,其临床前期研究及其临床研究均显示其较好的安全性、耐受性和疗效,为晚期NSCLC治疗的新选择。     

恩度联合吉西他滨和顺铂治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的可行性研究

背景与目的 观察抗血管生成药物--恩度联合吉西他滨+顺铂方案一线治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的疗效及毒副反应.方法 回顾性分析2006年1月-2008年4月我科收治的8s例晚期非小细胞肺癌患者的临床资料,其中吉西他滨+顺铂(GP)方案治疗55例,恩度+吉西他滨+顺铂(GPE)方案治疗30例.以完全缓解、部分缓解、稳定和病情进展为近期疗效评价指标;远期疗效评价指标包括无进展生存时间、中位生存期和1年生存率.评价血液学毒性、消化道反应、心脏毒性等毒副反应.结果 GP方案组与GPE方案组的总有效率分别为30.996和53.3%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);无进展生存时间分别为5.8月和6.9月,中位生存期和1年生存率相似,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).两组患者的Ⅲ-Ⅳ度中性粒细胞减少和血小板减少发生率、恶心呕吐发生率,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但心率失常发生率GP方案组(4.0%)较GPE方案组(9.5%)低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 GP方案加用恩度可以提高治疗晚期NSCLC的有效率,延长无疾病进展时间,其毒性可以耐受,但远期疗效有待于进一步观察.     

Treatment of patients with advanced lung cancer and poor performance status

Patients with advanced lung cancer and poor performance status (PS) have been underrepresented in clinical trials. As a consequence, the management of these patients in clinical practice is empirical and inconsistent. Recent data in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) indicate that patients with a PS of 2 tend to benefit from first-line chemotherapy with respect to symptom improvement and perhaps overall survival. Whether single-agent therapy or combination chemotherapy is preferable remains debatable. In previously treated patients with NSCLC, gefitinib produced a substantial rate of clinical benefit, and erlotinib led to an improvement in survival compared with placebo in studies that included a significant percentage of patients with poor PS. In patients with recurrent small-cell lung cancer, who frequently present with a compromised PS, the use of topotecan as a single agent led to an improvement in PS in approximately one third of these patients without excessive toxicities. Patients with advanced lung cancer and a PS of 2 have been the focus of intense clinical investigation in recent years. When more specific data for this special population become available, it will hopefully lead to more consistent management and improved outcomes.     

ALK inhibitors: a new targeted therapy in the treatment of advanced NSCLC

The anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) fusion gene is a key oncogenic driver in a subset of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Oncogenic fusion genes, including echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 4 (EML4) and ALK, have been detected in approximately 2–7 % of NSCLC patients. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is the recommended method for detecting ALK gene rearrangement. EML4–ALK fusion genes define a molecular subset of NSCLC with distinct clinical characteristic (lung adenocarcinoma, never or former smoker, usually mutually exclusive with EGFR mutations). Crizotinib (PF-02341066) is an orally bioavailable, ATP-competitive, small molecule inhibitor of both the receptor tyrosine kinases ALK and c-MET (hepatocyte growth factor receptor). Crizotinib has been shown to yield important clinical benefit such as objective response rate, progression-free survival (PFS), and anticipated improvements in quality of life when used in pretreated patients with advanced NSCLC harboring EML4–ALK gene rearrangement. Preliminary phase II data suggested that crizotinib is safe and well tolerated with rapid and robust antitumor activity. A phase III randomized trial in a second-line setting showed response rate and PFS (primary study endpoint) advantage for crizotinib as compared to second-line chemotherapy. Treatment-related adverse events, predominantly restricted to the gastrointestinal and visual systems, are generally self-limiting or easily managed. Crizotinib is a new standard of care for patients with advanced, ALK-positive, NSCLC. In this review, we will discuss the discovery of ALK rearrangements, the clinical epidemiology of lung cancer driven by ALK, the clinical data for ALK-targeted therapy in NSCLC, and ongoing ALK inhibitor-based clinical trials.     

吉西他滨与放疗联合治疗非小细胞肺癌

吉西他滨是一种嘧啶核苷类似物,具有抗瘤谱广、毒副反应轻等特点,被广泛地应用于非小细胞肺癌、乳腺癌、膀胱癌、胰腺癌等各种实体瘤治疗领域中。本文综述吉西他滨联合放疗治疗局部晚期非小细胞肺癌的研究进展。     

Is there a role of nab-paclitaxel in the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer? The data suggest yes

Nab-paclitaxel is a novel therapeutic agent, which was approved in combination with carboplatin in the first-line treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) regardless of histologic subtype in the United States of America by the Food and Drug Administration in 2012 and by the European Commission in 2015. This approval was based on the results of a phase III clinical trial showing superior response rates compared with solvent-based paclitaxel in combination with carboplatin. This review will focus on the early development and clinical data to date supporting the use of nab-paclitaxel in advanced NSCLC. The clinical question central to this review is whether nab-paclitaxel has a place in the current therapeutic landscape of advanced NSCLC.