Differences in substance use and sexual partnering between men who have sex with men, men who have sex with men and women and transgender women

Men who have sex with men (MSM), men who have sex with men and women (MSM/W) and transgender women (TGW) remain the populations most severely and disproportionately impacted upon by HIV in Los Angeles County. Baseline data from community-based HIV-prevention programmes serving these populations were analysed to explore differences in demographic characteristics, substance use and sexual partnering between the three groups. Despite high HIV prevalence overall (MSM 34.7% versus MSM/W 16.1% versus TGW 21.9%, p < .001), there were striking differences in risk behaviours. Higher rates of homelessness were reported by MSM/W compared to MSM and TGW. Lower rates of education and less substance use were reported by TGW (62.2%), compared to MSM (79.7%) and MSM/W (92.6%). A much higher number of male sexual exchange partners were reported by TGW (MSM 1.04 [SD = 4.8] versus MSM/W 1.54 [SD = 10.3] versus TGW 12.37 [SD = 23.9], p < .001). Findings support the need for HIV-prevention interventions that specifically address the unique risk patterns among each population in order to curb HIV acquisition and transmission.     

Characteristics of recently arrived Asian men who have sex with men diagnosed with HIV through sexual health services in Melbourne and Sydney

Objectives: Asian men who have sex with men (MSM) who have recently arrived in Australia are an emergent risk group for HIV; however, little is known about how they compare to Australian MSM diagnosed with HIV. This study compared the characteristics of these two groups. Methods: A retrospective, cross‐sectional study of MSM diagnosed with HIV between January 2014 and October 2017 in Melbourne and Sydney public sexual health clinics. Asian MSM were those who had arrived in Australia within 4 years of diagnosis. Results: Among 111 Asian men, 75% spoke a language other than English, 88% did not have Medicare and 61% were international students. Compared with Australian men (n=209), Asian men reported fewer male sexual partners within 12 months (median 4 versus 10, p<0.001), were less likely to have tested for HIV previously (71% versus 89%, p<0.001) and had a lower median CD4 count (326 versus 520, p<0.001). Among Asian men, HIV subtype CRF01‐AE was more common (55% versus 16%, p<0.001) and subtype B less common (29% versus 73%, p<0.001). Conclusions: Asian MSM diagnosed with HIV reported lower risk and had more advanced HIV. Implications for public health: HIV testing and preventative interventions supporting international students are required.     

Men who have sex with men in Kisumu,Kenya: support group membership and knowledge of HIV-risk factors

Men who have sex with men are an important yet marginalised population for HIV prevention in Africa. We conducted a two-phase study (individual qualitative interviews and a survey) of men who have sex with men, aged 18–34 years of age and living in Kisumu, Kenya. Approximately half (27/51) of survey respondents reported belonging to a support group. The odds of belonging to support groups were greater for older men (aged 24–34 versus 18–23 years [OR = 5.20; 95%CI = 1.27–26.66]). More than two-thirds (68.6%) of survey respondents were categorised as having high knowledge of HIV-risk factors. Most respondents (94.1%) correctly reported lack of condom use during vaginal sex as a risk factor for HIV, but slightly fewer (82.4%) recognised lack of condom use during anal sex as an HIV risk factor. Among the 15 interviewees, the following were included as greatest needs: health information (n = 5), safe lubricants (n = 5), condoms (n = 4), healthcare facility or men-who-have-sex-with-men-friendly health services (n = 3) and advocacy (n = 2). Kenyan men who have sex with men have developed support groups and have unmet needs for information, lubricants and condoms and services. Partnering with support groups offers an opportunity for organisations to reach men who have sex with men with accurate health information, provision of safe sexual lubricants, condoms and other health and social services.     

浙江省男男性行为人群网络临时性伴的知情交友状况分析

目的 分析浙江省MSM网络临时性伴的HIV感染状况知情交友（知情交友）状况及相关因素,为干预措施制定提供参考依据。方法 2018年6-12月在杭州市、宁波市、温州市、台州市和绍兴市,由社会组织和自愿咨询与检测门诊招募符合研究对象标准的MSM,招募样本量为793人。采用自行设计问卷,采用面对面方式问卷调查,收集社会人口学特征、艾滋病知识、性行为、知情交友行为等信息。采用SPSS 20.0软件进行统计学分析。结果 在MSM 767人中,最近6个月发生网络临时性行为302人,发生网络型临时性行为、网络/场所混合型临时性行为者分别占62.6%（189/302）和37.4%（113/302）。在网络临时性伴的知情交友中,已告知、已询问和已知晓者分别占54.6%（165/302）、49.2%（146/297）和42.9%（82/191）,知晓网络临时性伴HIV阴性状况后坚持使用安全套者占75.8%（113/149）。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,最近6个月网络临时性伴的知情交友中未询问的相关因素包括年龄25~34岁（aOR=2.17,95%CI：1.20~3.91）、最近6个月网络临时性伴数>2个（aOR=2.13,95%CI：1.27~3.57）、不认为网络临时性伴HIV感染风险较高（aOR=1.96,95%CI：1.14~3.35）、既往HIV检测数>1次（aOR=0.38,95%CI：0.22~0.66）。结论 浙江省MSM网络临时性伴的知情交友的意愿较高,但知情交友行为及知晓对方HIV检测结果的比例较低,针对MSM的网络临时性伴较多、认为网络临时性伴感染风险低和HIV检测次数较少者,需加强健康教育和促进知情交友的行为干预。     

男男性行为人群HIV暴露后预防服务的使用意愿调查

目的:分析MSM对HIV暴露后预防（PEP）服务的使用意愿及其相关因素。方法:采用横断面调查方法,2019年9-11月通过“i卫士”微信公众号招募年龄≥18岁、最近6个月发生同性肛交或口交的男性为研究对象。结果:研究对象MSM共1 517人,听说过PEP服务的研究对象占72.5%（1 100/1 517）,PEP服务的...     

石家庄市男男性行为人群HIV自我检测及相关因素分析

目的 分析石家庄市MSM HIV自我检测（自检）及相关因素。方法 2020年8-9月,在石家庄市采用方便抽样招募MSM,利用线上调查问卷,收集其社会人口学、行为学和HIV自检等信息,采用logistic回归分析HIV自检相关因素。结果 共调查MSM 304人,最近6个月HIV自检率为52.3%（159/304）,其中95.0%（151/159）使用指尖血HIV检测试剂;获得HIV检测试剂的途径,以自己购买（45.9%,73/159）和通过MSM社会组织领取（44.7%,71/159）为主;选择HIV自检原因为检测时间不受限制（67.9%,108/159）和保护隐私（62.9%,100/159）,不选择原因为自己不会操作（32.4%,47/145）、不知道有HIV自检试剂（24.1%,35/145）和担心自检结果不准确（19.3%,28/145）。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,18~29岁（aOR=2.68,95%CI：1.20~5.94）、最近6个月在当地领取过HIV自检包（aOR=8.61,95%CI：4.09~18.11）和主要交友途径通过互联网/社交软件（aOR=2.68,95%CI：1.48~4.88）的MSM更倾向于选择HIV自检。结论 HIV自检为MSM提供了一种更灵活、方便的检测途径,应加强HIV自检的推广,进一步提高MSM的HIV检测率。     

男男性行为人群HIV/AIDS性伴感染状况和溯源效率相关因素研究

目的 了解MSM HIV/AIDS的性伴感染状况和溯源效率的相关因素。方法 采用横断面调查方法,2018-2020年在宁波市对MSM HIV/AIDS开展性伴调查和HIV检测,并用限制性抗原亲和力酶联免疫法判定是否新发感染。分类资料采用χ²检验,采用多因素logistic回归分析溯源效率的相关因素。结果 共调查374例新确证MSM HIV/AIDS,动员479例性伴进行调查和HIV检测,性伴HIV阳性率为15.7%（75/479,95%CI：12.4%~18.9%）,其中新发感染者性伴HIV阳性率为31.8%（21/66,95%CI：20.3%~43.4%）。新发感染者的性伴HIV阳性者中新发现阳性性伴的比例（76.2%）高于长期感染者（48.1%）,差异有统计学意义（P=0.028）。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,36~45岁年龄组（与18~25岁年龄组相比,OR=3.973,95%CI：1.364~11.569）、HIV主动检测（与HIV被动检测相比,OR=1.896,95%CI：1.083~3.319）、新发感染者（与长期感染者相比,OR=3.733,95%CI：1.844~7.556）的溯源效率更高。结论 MSM HIV/AIDS性伴HIV阳性率高,其中新发感染者和HIV主动检测发现的感染者性伴溯源效率较高。建议加强MSM HIV/AIDS溯源调查,重点关注艾滋病自愿咨询与检测门诊新确证的MSM HIV/AIDS。     

Mental health and suicidal ideation among Chinese women who have sex with men who have sex with men (MSM)

ABSTRACT

In China, men who have sex with men (MSM) are the fastest growing population at risk for HIV. They face social stigma due to both MSM behavior and HIV. In addition, concern has been raised about the mental health of wives of MSM. In this cross-sectional study, the authors examine the mental health status of a sample of 135 of these women. Participants completed an Internet-administered questionnaire in Xi’an from April to June, 2012. Most were unaware at the time of marriage that their husbands were MSM. Physical abuse was frequently reported; depressive symptom and mental health (Symptom Checklist, SCL–90) scores were significantly higher than those of the general Chinese adult female population. A majority (59.8%) of women reported suicidal thoughts after discovering their husbands’ MSM behavior; about 10% had attempted suicide. Multiple logistic regression revealed that women’s experience with anal sex was associated with 7.8 times (95% CI: 1.3–65.9) greater odds of suicidal ideation. Also, women who demonstrated mental symptoms on the SCL–90 had 2.3 times (95% CI: 1.04–5.2) the odds of suicidal ideation. These results suggest that wives of MSM have a significant need for mental health care, suicide prevention, HIV education, and social support.     

成都市男男性行为人群对重复HIV检测阴性的反应与危险性行为的关联研究

目的 研究成都市MSM对重复HIV检测阴性的反应及与危险性行为的关联。方法 2022年3-5月与成都同乐健康咨询服务中心合作,采用方便抽样方法招募研究对象610名MSM。收集研究对象社会人口学特征、对HIV检测阴性的反应和性行为情况。采用单因素及多因素logistic回归模型分析HIV检测阴性反应与性行为的关联。结果 参加问卷调查579名（94.9%）,纳入研究对象354名（61.1%）,HIV检测阴性反应得分分别为强化安全（17.03±2.20）分、运气（7.50±1.87）分和低风险感知（8.87±3.62）分。多因素logistic回归模型结果显示,强化安全与发生群交呈负相关（aOR=0.80,95%CI：0.67~0.95）;运气与临时性行为（aOR=1.20,95%CI：1.06~1.35）、不坚持使用安全套（aOR=1.21,95%CI：1.06~1.37）、发生群交（aOR=1.26,95%CI：1.00~1.60）和多性伴（aOR=1.24,95%CI：1.09~1.42）与危险性行为呈正相关。低风险感知仅与多性伴（aOR=1.08,95%CI：1.01~1.15）呈正相关。结论 成都市MSM对重复HIV检测阴性反应的强化安全和运气维度认可程度较高,自身风险感知良好。在提供HIV检测和咨询服务期间,干预策略和风险咨询应重视向对运气认可较高的个体倾斜,帮助其树立安全性行为意识,减少侥幸心理带来的负面影响。     

男男性行为人群主要性伴类型特征及其未检测HIV相关因素分析

目的 比较主要性伴类型不同的MSM特征,分析MSM最近6个月未检测HIV的相关因素。方法 2021年4-7月在山东省9个城市招募MSM,开展面对面问卷调查,收集其社会人口学特征、高危行为和HIV检测等信息,采集血样用于HIV抗体和梅毒抗体检测。结果 最近6个月发生同性肛交性行为的MSM共3 008人,将MSM根据最近6个月主要性伴类型分为固定性伴组(36.83%,1 108/3 008)、商业性伴组(3.06%,92/3 008)和临时性伴组(60.11%,1 808/3 008)。不同组别MSM的年龄、本地居住时间、文化程度、寻找男性性伴的主要场所、最近6个月新型毒品使用、肛交每次坚持使用安全套、发生群交行为、未检测HIV和最近1年患过性病、接受同伴教育、梅毒检测频率的分布差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,MSM最近6个月未检测HIV的相关因素包括年龄<30岁(aOR=1.39,95%CI:1.06~1.83)、已婚/同居(aOR=1.74,95%CI:1.39~2.16)、高中及以下文化程度(aOR=1.39,95%CI:1.15~1.67)、最近6个月未使用新型毒品(aOR=2.27,95%CI:1.89~2.71)、最近1年未接受同伴教育(aOR=1.59,95%CI:1.28~1.98)、从未做过梅毒检测(aOR=11.30,95%CI:8.15~15.66)、最近1年未做但以前做过梅毒检测(aOR=5.65,95%CI:4.19~7.62)、最近6个月主要性伴类型是商业性伴(aOR=1.80,95%CI:1.01~3.20)和最近6个月主要性伴类型是临时性伴(aOR=1.50,95%CI:1.26~1.80)。结论 主要性伴类型不同的MSM特征有所差异,HIV检测比例仍有待提高。今后应针对主要性伴类型不同的MSM特征,充分利用网络和同伴教育等方法扩大MSM HIV检测覆盖率。     

The role of patient–provider sexual health communication in understanding the uptake of HIV prevention services among Black men who have sex with men

We examined factors that may be associated with whether Black men who have sex with men a) disclose their sexual orientation to healthcare providers, and b) discuss their sexual health with healthcare providers to inform interventions to improve HIV prevention efforts and reduce HIV incidence rates among Black men who have sex with men. During 2011–2012, we conducted semi-structured individual in-depth interviews with Black men who have sex with men in New York City. Interviews were audio recorded. We examined transcribed responses for main themes using a qualitative exploratory approach followed by computer-assisted thematic analyses. Twenty-nine men participated. The median age was 25.3 years; 41% (n = 12) earned an annual income of < US$10,000; 72% (n = 21) had a college degree; 86% (n = 25) reported being single; 69% (n = 20) self-identified as gay or homosexual. We identified three main themes affecting whether the men discussed their sexual orientation and sexual health with healthcare providers: 1) comfort discussing sexual health needs; 2) health literacy; and 3) trust. Identifying strategies for improved comfort, health literacy and trust between Black men who have sex with men and healthcare providers may be an important strategy for increasing sexual health patient–provider communications, increasing opportunities for HIV prevention including testing and reducing HIV-related health disparities.     

青岛市男男性行为人群新型毒品滥用发生率队列研究

目的 了解与分析青岛市MSM新型毒品滥用发生率及影响因素,为制定MSM艾滋病预防干预措施提供参考。方法 采用开放式队列研究方法,从2017年3月开始,依靠MSM社会组织采用滚雪球抽样方法招募未发生新型毒品滥用的MSM,建立开放队列,并每6个月进行一次随访调查,观察终点日期为2022年7月31日。调查内容包括社会人口学特征、性行为学特征和发生新型毒品滥用情况等信息。以随访过程中研究对象发生新型毒品滥用为结局因变量,以研究对象进入队列至发生新型毒品滥用的时间作为时间因变量,采用Cox比例风险回归模型分析MSM发生新型毒品滥用的影响因素。结果 共招募MSM 509人,纳入随访队列369人,发生新型毒品滥用62人,队列随访累积观察时间911.54人年,新型毒品滥用发生率为6.80/100人年。62人首次发生新型毒品滥用均为与他人共同滥用,16.13%（10/62）存在新型毒品混合滥用现象。多因素Cox比例风险回归分析显示,学生（aHR=2.17,95%CI：1.15~4.10）、最近6个月HIV检测次数0次和1次（aHR=4.57,95%CI：1.80~11.60;aHR=5.15,95%CI：2.83~9.36）、仅有固定性伴（aHR=4.75,95%CI：2.32~9.75）、同性性伴数>4个（aHR=1.70,95%CI：1.01~2.87）和性伴滥用新型毒品（aHR=12.78,95%CI：3.06~53.35）的MSM更有可能发生新型毒品滥用。结论 青岛市MSM新型毒品滥用发生率较高,存在较高HIV感染风险;发生新型毒品滥用的影响因素包括学生、HIV检测次数较少、仅有固定性伴、多性伴和性伴滥用新型毒品,应针对此部分人群加强干预力度,开展降低新型毒品危害的干预工作。     

男男性行为人群HIV/AIDS及其性伴的分子传播关系分析

目的 了解浙江省MSM HIV/AIDS与性伴之间分子传播关系和相关危险因素。方法 采用横断面调查的方法,对浙江省2015-2017年新确证的MSM HIV/AIDS及参与性伴驱动检测的阳性性伴开展分子流行病学研究。收集血浆并提取RNA,运用RT-PCR和巢式PCR扩增并获得HIV-1的pol区基因序列,构建系统进化树,分析分子传播簇,判定性伴间的传播关系。结果 共937例MSM HIV/AIDS参与性伴驱动检测,检出173名阳性性伴。有61例性伴间（31对）形成传播簇,成簇比例为50.8%（61/120）,其中7对性伴结合新发感染结果初步判定传播方向。在性伴分子传播网络的相关因素分析中,性伴之间确证年份为相同年份（与不同年份相比,OR=12.190,95%CI：1.563~95.054）,现住址所在地为不同区（县）[与相同区（县）相比,OR=17.054,95%CI：1.742~166.982]更可能存在分子传播关系。结论 MSM HIV/AIDS的性伴驱动检测,结合分子传播网络分析技术,可以提高HIV/AIDS精准溯源,同时根据新发感染结果,初步判定传播方向。建议对MSM HIV/AIDS确证后,应尽早进行性伴驱动检测,包括跨区域的性伴追踪检测,有利于传染源追踪。     

武汉市年轻男男性行为者偶遇性行为及相关因素分析

目的 了解年轻男男性行为人群（YMSM）偶遇性行为及相关危险行为状况,并分析影响偶遇性行为的因素,为降低该人群感染和传播艾滋病的风险提出针对性的措施。方法 2013年5－11月在武汉市通过互联网宣传、外展活动的组织以及艾滋病自愿咨询检测服务招募年龄≤25岁的YMSM参加匿名式问卷调查,招募403名YMSM,收集其人口学、性行为等相关信息,分析YMSM偶遇性行为的相关因素。结果 实际调查398名YMSM中,48.99%（195/398）报告最近6个月发生过偶遇性行为。与未报告偶遇性行为的YMSM比较,报告偶遇性行为的YMSM肛交、口交坚持使用安全套的比例均较低［34.29%（60/175）比49.08%（80/163）（χ²=7.61,P=0.01）、38.85%（61/157）比28.65%（49/171）（χ²=3.82,P=0.05）］。报告偶遇性行为的YMSM中,多性伴的比例高于未报告偶遇性行为的YMSM［76.80%（149/194）比33.15%（60/181）（χ²=77.36,P<0.01）］。多因素logistic回归分析显示,经常使用互联网、存在吸毒行为是YMSM发生偶遇性行为的影响因素（OR=4.89,95% CI：1.90～12.54;OR=2.72,95% CI：1.60～4.63）。结论 YMSM有过偶遇性行为者更容易发生无保护性行为和多性伴等高危行为,应加强互联网针对YMSM的行为干预。     

重庆地区HIV阴性男男性行为者药物滥用情况分析

目的了解重庆市人类免疫缺陷病毒(human immunodeficiency virus, HIV)阴性男男性行为者(men who have sex with men, MSM)药物滥用情况及其影响因素,并探究药物滥用与其性病发生率的关系。方法 2018年6月—2019年6月招募重庆地区HIV阴性MSM人群并收集其社会人口学、高危性行为及性病感染等信息,采用单因素和多因素logistic回归分析其药物滥用的影响因素,采用卡方检验分析药物滥用与性病发生的关系。结果共招募139名HIV阴性MSM,其中34.53%(48/139)近6个月有药物滥用史。单因素和多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,服用过暴露后预防药物是药物滥用的阻碍因素;发生过≥3人的"群交"行为(OR=0.027,95%CI:0.009～0.085)是药物滥用的独立影响因素。药物滥用者性病发生率为16.67%(8/48),高于非药物滥用者的4.40%(4/91),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论重庆地区HIV阴性MSM人群药物滥用比例高,且药物滥用导致其发生高危性行为的可能性更大,性病发生率更高。     

山西省2010、2015和2020年哨点监测男男性行为人群HIV感染状况及相关因素分析

目的:了解2010、2015和2020年山西省男男性行为人群（MSM）的HIV的感染状况及其相关因素。方法:根据全国艾滋病哨点监测实施方案,在艾滋病哨点监测期通过横断面调查方法收集山西省2010、2015和2020年MSM哨点监测研究对象的基本特征、艾滋病知识知晓率、高危性行为、性传播疾病（STD）患病史、干预服务和H...     

男男性接触者性伴网络特征与HIV传播

目的了解男男性接触者（MSM）性伴网络特征,探讨人类免疫缺陷病毒/性传播疾病（HIV/STDs）从该人群向普通人群传播的途径,为开展HIV/STDs的预防与控制提供依据.方法以同性恋酒吧为研究现场,以其中男男性接触者为对象进行匿名问卷调查.调查内容包括社会人口学特征、HIV/STDs感染状况、性伴类型及数量等.结果某市酒吧中MSM的HIV和STDs感染报告率分别为3.4%和10.3%;多性伴现象在MSM中普遍存在,且性伴类型广泛.在最近2个月中,50.0%的MSM有同性偶然性伴,17.8%有同性商业性伴,63.8%目前有同性固定性伴.曾有过异性性伴者为55.7%.拥有3种类型性伴者为19.5%,4种类型性伴者为12.6%.拥有不同类型性伴的MSM亚群之间相互关联,核心亚群为拥有异性性伴和拥有同性商业性伴亚群.结论 MSM以多维的性伴网络相互连接,不仅在MSM人群内部具有HIV/STDs的多向传播通道,而且已经形成了向普通人群传播的桥梁.     

青岛市男男性行为人群新型毒品滥用者HIV新发感染队列研究

目的 了解与分析青岛市MSM新型毒品滥用者HIV新发感染情况,为该人群开展艾滋病预防工作提供参考。方法 采用开放式队列研究方法,从2017年3月开始,由社会组织通过滚雪球抽样招募HIV阴性的MSM新型毒品滥用者,建立开放队列,并每6个月进行一次随访调查,观察终点为2022年7月31日。按照队列研究样本量计算公式估计样本量为436人。调查内容包括人口学特征、性行为特征、艾滋病知识知晓情况、新型毒品滥用情况和HIV检测情况等信息。以随访中出现HIV新发感染为结局因变量,同时,以研究对象进入队列至出现HIV新发感染的时间作为时间因变量,采用Cox比例风险回归模型分析MSM新型毒品滥用者HIV新发感染的影响因素。结果 共招募MSM新型毒品滥用者987人,纳入随访队列826人。HIV新发感染者46人,队列随访累积观察时间1 960.68人年,HIV新发感染率为2.35/100人年。多因素Cox回归分析显示,<30岁（aHR=3.04,95%CI：1.62~5.71）、外省户籍（aHR=2.29,95%CI：1.20~4.39）、线下交友（aHR=4.62,95%CI：2.05~10.41）、同性性伴数>4个（aHR=3.06,95%CI：1.59~5.88）、性交时安全套破损（aHR=2.24,95%CI：1.21~4.17）和性交时出血（aHR=2.56,95%CI：1.31~5.03）的MSM新型毒品滥用者更有可能发生HIV新发感染。结论 青岛市MSM新型毒品滥用者HIV新发感染率总体较低,但该人群知行分离的现象严重,HIV感染风险较高。HIV新发感染的影响因素包括低年龄、外省户籍、线下交友、多性伴、性交时安全套发生破损和出血,应加强开展该人群行为干预的工作。     

两种HIV自我检测模式在促进男男性行为人群HIV检测中的作用

目的:评价两种不同HIV自我检测（自检）模式在促进MSM HIV检测中的作用。方法:采用两种HIV自检模式,一是以性健康促进网络平台为主体的线上HIV自检模式（常规自检模式）;二是鼓励申请者申请多份自检试剂并将其传递给身边朋友的HIV自检模式（自检二次传递模式）。比较两种自检模式中,申请者与受赠者在人口学特征、使用数、...     

Stigma as a barrier to health care utilization among female sex workers and men who have sex with men in Burkina Faso

Purpose

The aim of this study is to examine the prevalence and correlates of perceived health care stigma among female sex workers (FSWs) and men who have sex with men (MSM), including other stigma types, suicidal ideation, and participation in social activities.