冠脉内小剂量替罗非班在急性STEMI急诊介入时应用观察

目的:探讨急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者行急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)时冠脉内小剂量应用替罗非班对介入治疗安全性和有效性。方法:入选77例STEMI急诊介入治疗患者,全部患者入院后立即给予阿司匹林300 mg嚼服,氯吡格雷300 mg口服,随机分为替罗非班组(试药组,39例)和对照组(38例,未用替罗非班)。PCI术后梗死相关血管的心肌梗死溶栓(TIMI)血流分级、术后24 h ST段完全回落率、术后1周左心室射血分数(LVEF)、术后30 d主要心血管事件(死亡、再发心肌梗死、靶血管血运重建、反复心绞痛发作)及TIMI出血事件作为评价指标。结果:术前两组患者基线资料(年龄、性别、危险因素)差异无统计学意义。术后即刻TIMIⅢ级血流获得率试药组明显高于对照组(P0.05)。术后24h ST段完全回落率及1周时LVEF试药组明显高于对照组(均P0.05,P0.01)。术后30 d随访两组主要心血管事件和主要出血事件的发生率差异均无统计学意义。结论:对急性STEMI患者急诊介入治疗时,冠脉内应用小剂量替罗非班可以获得较好的即刻造影结果,且安全、有效。     

优化急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死的直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗

对ST段抬高型心肌梗死实施直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗不应只是为获得TIMI 3级血流,而应是良好的心肌灌注。可通过上游使用血小板膜糖蛋白Ⅱb/Ⅲa受体拮抗剂、他汀类调脂药,个体化正确使用血栓抽吸装置,必要时延迟支架植入等手段,优化直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术的效果。     

Dose-related outcome of intracoronary tirofiban in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention

Background Increasing studies were designed to administer a low bolus of intracoronary tirofiban to achieve beneficial outcomes.However,the appropriate dose via coronary for patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI) is needed to be investigated.Methods Eighty three patients with STEMI presented within 12 hrs of symptoms were randomly allocated to high-dose group(n = 28),low-dose group(n = 35) and control group(n = 30).The culprit vess...     

经皮冠状动脉介入治疗对心肌梗死患者心功能的影响

目的 :评价心肌梗死并左心功能不全患者经皮冠状动脉介入 （PCI）治疗对左心收缩功能和左心室重构的影响。方法 :急性心肌梗死 （AMI）患者 30例 ,陈旧性心肌梗死 （OMI） 2 2例 ,经 PTCA、支架术治疗 ,术后随访 3个月 ,超声心动图测定左室舒张末内径 （L VEd）、左心房内径 （L Ad）、左室舒张末容积 （L VEDV）、左室收缩末容积（L VESV）、左室射血分数 （L VEF）和左室短轴缩短率 （L VFS） ,比较治疗前后各参数的变化。结果 :PCI治疗后L VEd、L Ad、L VEDV、L VESV显著减少 （P<0 .0 1）、L VEF和 L VFS显著增高 （P<0 .0 1） ,尤以 AMI组明显 ,并且冠状动脉血运重建的时间越早 ,心功能恢复越好。结论 :心肌梗死并左心功能不全患者尽早 PCI治疗可明显改善左心室收缩功能 ,可部份阻抑左心室重构。     

Risk factors of acute myocardial infarction following primary percutaneous coronary intervention among elderly patients

Background and Objective Large randomized controlled trials have demonstrated that percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI） with the routine use of drug-eluting stents is safe and effective, however, the patients older than 75 years undergoing PCI are at increased risk for major adverse cardiac events, so that the patients are usually excluded from this trial. The aim of the present study was to assess the early clinical outcome and risk factors in old patients with acute ST elevation myocardial infarction （STEMI） following primary PCI. Methods We analyzed the outcome after stenting in 136 patients older than 60 years in our coronary care unit with acute STEMI, and the patients were further classified in 2 age groups： patients≥75 years and 〈75 years. Results Though the older group had a higher prevalence of adverse baseline characteristics and lower final TIMI flow than those of the younger, the procedural success had no difference between two groups. The main adverse clinical events （MACE） for the old group was a little higher comparing with the younger in 12-month following up. Conclusions Our study suggest that drug-eluting stent implantation in elderly patients with acute ST elevation myocardial infarction has high initial procedural success rates despite having more severe baseline risk characteristics, and to shorten the time form symptom onset to PCI and improve final TIMI flow strategy may decrease MACE among old patients following PCI（J Geriatr Cardio12009; 6：67-70）.     

冠状动脉旋磨术后发生经皮冠状动脉介入治疗相关心肌梗死的预测因子分析

目的 旋磨是冠状动脉介入治疗过程中处理冠状动脉钙化斑块的常用方法,但部分患者术后发生经皮冠状动脉介入治疗相关心肌梗死(PMI),本研究将探索冠状动脉旋磨患者术后发生PMI的预测因子.方法 接受冠状动脉旋磨及药物涂层支架植入术的冠心病患者198例,根据术后是否发生PMI分为两组,比较两组患者人口学特征、血液学检查、心脏B...     

经桡动脉途径行急诊冠状动脉介入治疗急性心肌梗死的临床应用研究

目的探讨经桡动脉途径行急诊冠状动脉介入治疗的疗效及安全性。方法回顾性分析596例急性心肌梗死患者经桡动脉途径(桡动脉组,n=296)或股动脉途径(股动脉组,n=300)行急诊冠状动脉介入治疗的临床资料,着重分析比较两种穿刺途径的方法和并发症情况。分别记录动脉穿刺时间、X-线暴光时间、造影时间、经皮冠状动脉介入(percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI)治疗时间、住院时间及血肿等血管并发症的发生率。结果 295例经桡动脉治疗患者穿刺成功,穿刺时间(4.4±1.6)min,X-线暴光时间(4.6±1.4)min,造影时间为(8.0±2.4)min,PCI治疗时间为(30.0±4.8)min,住院时间为(3.2±1.6)d,有6例发生前臂血肿,发生率为2.03%(6/296);股动脉组299例患者穿刺成功,穿刺时间(2.4±0.8)min,X-线暴光时间(4.4±1.3)min,造影时间为(7.6±2.0)min,PCI时间为(28.6±4.4)min,住院时间为(5.4±1.8)d,有18例发生股动脉血肿,发生率为6.0%(18/300),其中2例为假性股动脉瘤形成。造影时间、PCI治疗时间两组比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);住院时间、并发症的发生率股动脉组高于桡动脉组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论经桡动脉行急性心肌梗死的急诊冠状动脉介入治疗是安全和可靠的,在临床实践中值得在有条件的单位有选择性地应用推广。     

The prognostic role of mitral regurgitation after primary percutaneous coronary intervention for acute ST-Elevation myocardial infarction

Objectives : The aim of this study was to elucidate the prognostic significance of mitral regurgitation (MR) after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for acute ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Background : MR has prognostic implications after myocardial infarction (MI). However, for STEMI patients receiving primary PCI, the influence of MR on long‐term (3–5 years) outcome is unknown. Methods : We examined 888 STEMI patients receiving primary PCI enrolled in a prospective database at a regional STEMI center, who had an echocardiogram within 72 hr following successful primary PCI. MR was graded by color Doppler as none/trace vs. mild vs. moderate/severe. Mean ± SD follow‐up was 3.1 ± 1.4 years. Results : For patients with none/trace (n = 469), mild (n = 325), and moderate/severe (n = 94) MR, mortality at 3 years was 8.1%, 13.6%, and 25.7% and at 5 years was 12.7%, 18.3%, and 33.5%, respectively (P < 0.0001, log‐rank test). Patients with moderate/severe MR tended to be older (P < 0.0001) with lower ejection fraction (P < 0.0001) and were less likely to have had an anterior MI (P < 0.001). Independent predictors of mortality included age, creatinine, and heart rate. Conclusions : Following primary PCI for STEMI, echocardiographic detected MR in the first 72 hr following PCI stratifies mortality risk. However, when accounting for age, MR is not an independent predictor of mortality. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

经皮冠状动脉介入术后相关心肌损伤及前列地尔在其治疗中的研究进展

经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)术是治疗冠心病的有效治疗方式,但PCI术后常伴心肌损伤甚至心肌梗死(MI),严重影响患者的预后。因此,PCI术后心肌损伤的原因、诊断及防治是临床亟待解决的现实问题,值得我们进一步探讨。本文将对以上问题作一综述。     

血栓抽吸在老年急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者直接介入治疗中的应用

目的:探讨经皮冠状动脉内血栓抽吸术在血栓负荷重的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死老年患者直接介入治疗(PCI)中的应用。方法:选择2009-01-2010-12期间在我院接受直接PCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死老年患者117例,其中直接介入术加血栓抽吸治疗者为血栓抽吸组,共44例;仅行常规直接PCI者73例为对照组。研究初级终点为术后TIMI 3级血流率,次级终点为随访6个月的左心室射血分数(LVEF)、主要心血管病事件(MACE)发生率及纽约心功能分级。结果:血栓抽吸组术后TIMI 3级高于对照组,达到95.5%,术后肌酸激酶同工酶及TnI达峰时间稍提前于对照组,但与对照组比较均差异无统计学意义;随访6个月结果显示,累计MACE发生率在血栓抽吸组和对照组分别为4.6%和9.5%,差异无统计学意义,LVEF在住院1周时血栓抽吸组及对照组分别为[(51.4±9.2)%︰(48.0±11.8)%,P>0.05],随访6个月时分别为[(54.5±6.8)%︰(49.9±10.5)%,P<0.05];6个月时血栓抽吸组纽约心功能分级优于对照组,但差异无统计学意义。结论:血栓抽吸可以改善血栓负荷重的老年患者急诊PCI术后TIM...     

Impact of intravascular ultrasound guidance in patients with acute myocardial infarction undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention

Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the utility of routine intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) guidance in patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with stent implantation. Background: Stent thrombosis (ST) is a serious complication of PCI with stent implantation for patients presenting with acute MI. Mechanical factors such as incomplete stent expansion and smaller stent diameters are known to correlate with ST and restenosis. IVUS guidance for stent deployment is reported to reduce these events in stable patients. Methods: We analyzed a cohort of 905 consecutive patients who underwent primary PCI for acute MI and were discharged alive. The clinical outcomes of 382 patients who underwent IVUS‐guided PCI were compared to those of 523 patients who did not. Patients who presented with cardiogenic shock and rescue PCI were excluded. The primary composite endpoint of death, MI, and target lesion revascularization at 1‐year follow‐up was systematically indexed and a propensity score was performed with regard to the use of IVUS‐guided PCI. Results: Patients undergoing IVUS‐guided PCI were older, more diabetic and hypertensive, but presented with less history of previous MI. The severity of coronary artery disease was balanced between both groups. The number of treated lesions and stents used was higher in the IVUS‐guided group, with a longer procedural duration. The overall rates of the composite primary outcome were similar (14.5% vs. 14.3%, P = 0.94) as were the rates of definite and probable stent thrombosis at 1 year (2.1% vs. 2.1%, P = 0.99) in the IVUS‐guided and no‐IVUS groups, respectively. After multivariate and propensity score adjustment, IVUS guidance was not an independent predictor for the primary endpoint. Conclusion: This study does not support the routine use of IVUS guidance for stent deployment in patients who present with acute MI and undergo primary PCI. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

绿色通道急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗急性心肌梗死患者152例的临床分析

目的分析绿色通道急诊经皮冠状动脉介入（percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI）治疗在抢救急性心肌梗死患者中的有效性。方法回顾性分析2012年在成都军区昆明总医院行绿色通道急诊PCI治疗的急性心肌梗死患者152例的临床资料,观察患者是否在有效的时间窗内得到治疗,分析临床诊治及疗效,对比不同入院方式对门-球时间的影响。结果152例患者门-球时间为（78．5±28．8）min,其中56例直接人导管室患者的门-球时间为（52．6±10．5）min,96例经过住院部后入导管室的患者的门-球时间为（89．6±29．7）min,显著高于直接入导管室组．差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。治疗过程中植入主动脉内球囊反搏（IABP）60例,临时起搏器27例,抽吸导管使用58例。血流恢复心肌梗死溶栓试验（thrombolysis in myocardial infarction,TIMI）1级2例,TIMI2级7例,TIMI3级143例;TIMI3级的发病时间显著低于TIMI1级患者发病时间,差异有统计学意义[（10．5±3．8）h强（14．5±1．1）h,P〈0．05]。因肾功能衰竭、感染等原因死亡3例,抢救成功率为98．02％。结论急诊PCI治疗绿色通道的建立并保持畅通提高了急性心肌梗死患者的救治率。     

Periprocedural myocardial infarction in patients undergoing complex versus noncomplex percutaneous coronary intervention

Background

Limited data are available on the risk of periprocedural myocardial infarction (MI) in patients undergoing complex versus noncomplex percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Methods

We assessed the risk of periprocedural MI according to the fourth Universal definition of myocardial infarction (UDMI) and several other criteria among patients undergoing elective PCI in a prospective, single-center registry. Complex PCI included at least one of the following: 3 coronary vessels treated, ≥3 stents implanted, ≥3 lesions treated, bifurcation with 2 stents implanted, total stent length >60 mm, treatment of chronic total occlusion, and use of rotational atherectomy.

Results

Between 2017 and 2021, we included 1010 patients with chronic coronary syndrome, of whom 226 underwent complex PCI (22.4%). The rate of periprocedural MI according to the fourth UDMI was significantly higher in complex compared to noncomplex PCI patients (26.5% vs. 14.5%, p < 0.001). Additionally, periprocedural MI was higher in the complex PCI group using SCAI (4% vs. 1.1%, p = 0.009), ARC-2 (13.7% vs. 8.0%, p = 0.013), ISCHEMIA (5.8% vs. 1.7%, p = 0.002), and EXCEL criteria (4.9% vs. 2.0%, p = 0.032). SYNTAX periprocedural MI occurred at low rates in both groups (0.9% vs. 0.6%, p = 0.657). Complex PCI was an independent predictor of the fourth UDMI periprocedural MI (odds ratio [OR] 1.54, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.04–2.27, p = 0.031).

Conclusions

In patients with chronic coronary syndrome undergoing elective PCI, complex PCI is associated with a significantly higher risk of periprocedural MI using multiple definitions. These findings highlight the importance of considering upfront this risk in the planning of complex PCI procedures.     

盐酸替罗非班在急性心肌梗死患者急诊冠状动脉介入治疗中的有效性和安全性评价

目的:评价血小板膜糖蛋白Ⅱb/Ⅲa受体拮抗剂盐酸替罗非班在急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者急诊冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)中的有效性和安全性。方法:将106例AMI患者随机分为替罗非班组(替罗非班+直接PCI,55例)和对照组(直接PCI,51例)。比较2组患者梗死相关动脉PCI后即刻TIMI血流,术后90 min心电图ST段回落百分比(sumSTR),术后6 h、12 h肌酸激酶同工酶变化,术后1周左室射血分数,术后30 d内不良心脏事件(心绞痛、心肌梗死、死亡)及出血和血小板减少的发生率。结果:2组基础临床情况和冠状动脉造影特征无明显差异。替罗非班组梗死相关动脉PCI术后即刻TIMI血流、术后90 min sumSTR均显著高于对照组;术后30 d内不良心脏事件明显少于对照组;术后6 h、12 h肌酸激酶同工酶变化、术后1周左室射血分数与对照组相比差异无统计学意义。替罗非班组轻度出血发生率高于对照组,但未发生严重出血和血小板减少症。结论:替罗非班能明显降低AMI患者PCI后缺血事件的发生,在急诊PCI中是有效而安全的。     

Percutaneous coronary intervention for acute myocardial infarction due to unprotected left main coronary artery occlusion

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) due to unprotected left main coronary artery (ULMCA) occlusion is an uncommon clinical entity, but often leads to severe clinical deterioration, with devastating sequalae including fatal arrhythmias, abrupt and severe circulatory failure, and sudden cardiac death. Recent guidelines have promoted treatment with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) as a class IIa recommendation alongside coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), but the data are still unclear regarding optimal revascularization strategy for patients with ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and non‐STEMI (NSTEMI) with ULMCA culprit. PCI has the advantages of offering rapid reperfusion to critically ill patients, often those with prohibitive risk for surgical revascularization, with acceptable short‐ and long‐term outcomes. Recent studies demonstrate that PCI of the ULMCA is a viable alternative to CABG for appropriate patient populations, including those with ULMCA occlusion and those in cardiogenic shock, Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) flow grade 3, and significant comorbidities. A randomized trial comparing PCI with CABG is needed to clarify the ideal revascularization strategy, though the clinical picture of these critically ill patients may preclude such studies. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

冠状动脉内注射替罗非班对急诊冠状动脉介入术中无再流的作用

目的:评价血小板Ⅱb/Ⅲa受体拮抗剂替罗非班经冠状动脉注射对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者急诊经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)治疗后无再流的疗效。方法:STEMI急诊经皮经腔冠状动脉成形术/支架置入术梗死相关动脉再通后存在无再流现象50例。2005-01-2007-10,20例冠状动脉内注射硫氮唑酮(0.5～2.0mg),2007-11-2010-03,30例冠状动脉内注射替罗非班(0.5～1.0mg);注射完后10min行冠状动脉造影,评定冠状动脉血流TIMI分级。结果:硫氮唑酮组应用后20～40min内TIMI血流3级10例,TIMI血流0～2级10例;替罗非班组应用后20～40min内TIMI血流3级24例,TIMI血流0～2级6例。达TIMI3级患者替罗非班组多于硫氮唑酮组(P<0.05)。结论:经冠状动脉给予替罗非班(0.5～1.0mg)后能有效改善急诊PCI术中无再流现象。     

不同剂量替格瑞洛在老年急性心肌梗死病人PCI术后抗血小板治疗中的有效性与安全性

目的比较低剂量替格瑞洛(180 mg负荷量,续贯60 mg每日2次口服)与标准剂量替格瑞洛(180 mg负荷量,续贯90 mg每日2次口服)在老年急性心肌梗死(AMI)病人经皮冠状动脉介入术(PCI)术后抗PLT治疗中的有效性与安全性。方法研究共入选196例成功接受PCI治疗的老年AMI病人,随机分为低剂量替格瑞洛组和标准剂量替格瑞洛组,详细记录病人住院期间及随访1年的主要不良心脑血管事件(MACCE)与出血事件。结果低剂量替格瑞洛组住院期间及随访至1年MACCE发生率与标准剂量替格瑞洛组相比,差异无统计学意义。住院期间2组小出血(8.4%比18.6%,P=0.061)和大出血发生率(1.1%比2.9%,P=0.622)差异无统计学意义;低剂量替格瑞洛组随访1年小出血发生率显著低于标准剂量替格瑞洛组(16.8%比36.9%,P=0.002),大出血方面2组差异无统计学意义(1.1%比3.9%,P=0.371)。Kaplan-Meier生存分析显示,低剂量替格瑞洛组1年无MACCE生存率与标准剂量替格瑞洛组相比,差异无统计学意义(P=0.823)。结论AMI病人PCI术后接受小剂量替格瑞洛较常规剂量相比,不增加MACCE事件发生率,同时可降低小出血风险。     

比伐卢定在老年急性心肌梗死患者急诊行经皮冠状动脉介入术中的效果

目的研究比伐卢定在老年急性心肌梗死患者急诊行经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)治疗术中的效果。方法入选2017年4月至2018年12月武汉亚洲心脏病医院接受PCI术的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者124例,随机数表法分为研究组和对照组,每组62例。2组患者术前给予同样剂量阿司匹林和氯吡格雷口服,术中对照组经静脉给予普通肝素,研究组给予比伐卢定。比较2组患者术前和术后30 d左心室射血分数(LVEF)、左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)、B型利钠肽(BNP)、出血事件以及住院期间、术后30 d和60 d主要不良心血管事件(MACEs)。应用SPSS 18.0统计软件对数据进行分析。依据数据类型,采用t检验或χ2检验进行组间比较。结果2组患者术前LVEF、LVEDD、BNP水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。相比术前,2组患者术后30 d LVEF水平均升高,LVEDD和BNP水平下降,且研究组相比对照组LVEF、BNP[(46.9±4.7)%和(43.1±4.5)%;(182.8±83.4)和(294.5±107.6)ng/L]水平改善明显,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术前,研究组1例轻度出血,对照组1例轻度出血,1例中/重度出血,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。研究组相比对照组术后30 d出血发生率[3.23%(2/62)和6.45%(4/62)]明显降低,差异有统计学意义(χ2=5.145;P<0.05)。研究组与对照组术后30 d和60 d的MACEs发生率[1.61%(1/62)和3.23%(2/62);3.23%(2/62)和4.84%(3/62)]差异均无统计学意义(χ2=1.290,χ2=0.112;P>0.05)。结论比伐卢定可改善行PCI术急性心肌梗死患者心功能指标,并显著减少PCI术后出血事件的发生。     

老年ST段抬高急性心肌梗死患者急诊介入与溶栓治疗比较

目的急性心肌梗死（AMI）后尽早恢复梗死相关动脉的再灌注是治疗中的首要问题。本研究旨在评价老年急性ST段抬高性心肌梗死（STEMI）分别接受直接经皮冠状动脉介入（PCI）治疗和溶栓治疗住院及随访期间的临床疗效差别。方法109例65岁以上老年STEMI患者,59例行直接PCI治疗,50例行溶栓治疗。比较2组梗死相关动脉（IRA）再通率、左室功能指标、病死率及主要心血管事件发生率的差别。结果PCI组IRA开通率明显高于溶栓治疗组,住院病死率明显低于溶栓治疗组,左室功能指标明显优于溶栓治疗组（左室射血分数更高、左室舒张末径较小、室壁运动障碍率较低。随访期间比较,PCI组再次血运重建率和心血管病死率明显低于溶栓治疗组。结论老年AMI患者行直接PCI治疗能够显著提高IRA再灌注成功率,保护心功能,减少再次血运重建,并且在降低病死率及心血管事件上也总体优于溶栓治疗。     

延迟冠状动脉介入治疗对急性心肌梗死患者预后的影响

目的探讨延迟经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PC I）对急性心肌梗死（AM I）患者预后的影响。方法对38例ST段抬高的AM I患者经静脉溶栓后常规行延迟PC I（延迟组）,然后与经静脉溶栓后药物保守治疗（对照组）的34例患者进行对比分析,观察住院期间和随访6个月时的临床不良事件和超声心动图的变化。结果与保守治疗比较,常规施行延迟PC I可以降低住院期间的病死率（0%vs15%,P<0.05）,缩短平均住院时间（15 dvs28 d,P<0.05）,减少住院期间心绞痛发作（5%vs35%,P<0.05）及再次心肌梗死（0%vs9%,P<0.05）;还可以明显降低6个月病死率（3%vs12%,P<0.05）和再住院率（8%vs26%,P<0.05）,防止左心室进一步重构,改善患者心脏功能。结论常规施行延迟PC I可以提高AM I患者住院期间和6个月的治疗效果,改善临床预后。