大鼠外侧隔核的传出纤维联系

用HRP、WGA—HRP及CB—HRP法顺行追踪了大鼠外侧隔核的传出纤维联系。结果表明外侧隔核发生较多的纤维经内侧前脑束投射到下丘脑;经丘脑髓纹投射到丘脑带旁核、双侧内侧缰核,也有少量纤维投射到外侧缰核,外侧隔核向扣带皮质的投射主要终止在扣带皮质前部,少量纤维投射到后部。此外,有少量纤维投射到杏仁中央核、杏仁内侧核、中缝背核、中央灰质腹、外侧部、被盖腹侧区、脚间核及蓝斑等。     

皮质下结构向隔内、外侧核和斜角带核垂直支的分支投射——荧光双标记法研究

目的：观察皮质下结构的细胞是否发出分支投射到隔区不同的亚细胞群。方法：采用荧光双标记法，对３２只ＳＤ大鼠皮质下结构向隔内、外侧核和斜角带核垂直支的分支投射进行逆行追踪。结果：被盖腹侧区、乳头体上核、下丘脑外侧核、中缝正中核及中央灰质腹外侧部的细胞有分支投射到斜角带核垂直支与隔内侧核、斜角带核垂直支与隔外侧核及隔内、外侧核３个配伍组；蓝斑的细胞有分支投射到斜角带核垂直支与隔内核及隔内、外侧核两个配伍组；下丘脑背内侧核背、腹侧部、下丘脑后核、脚间核、中缝背核及室周核的细胞有分支投射到斜角带核垂直支与隔内侧核配伍组。结论：本文表明的分支投射，为隔区的机能研究提供进一步的形态学依据。     

下丘脑弓状核到中缝背核的投射(辣根过氧化酶法)

本实验将辣根过氧化酶(30～40％)微电泳注入30只大鼠的中缝背核(DR)后,观察其传入联系。结果如下:①电泳区以DR上半部为主的动物中,标记细胞可见于下丘脑外侧核、下丘脑弓状核、下丘脑后核、穹窿、黑质、导水管周围灰质和脑桥网状结构中。②电泳区以DR下半部为主的动物中,标记细胞可见于下丘脑外侧核、下丘脑弓状核、下丘脑背内侧核背侧部、下丘脑腹内侧棒内侧部、缰核、腹侧乳头体前核、中脑网状结构、第四脑室底室周灰质、脑桥网状结构、蓝斑、中缝大核。这表明弓状核有纤维投射到中缝背核,中缝背核传入联系是广泛的。     

大鼠中缝背核至背海马投射纤维递质性质的研究

目的研究大鼠中缝背核至背海马投射纤维的递质性质。方法用辣根过氧化物酶(HBP)逆行追踪法和免疫细胞化学相结合的双重标记技术研究中缝背核5-羟色胺(5-HT)样神经元至背海马投射。结果在中缝背核内可见到HRP标记细胞、5-HT阳性反应细胞和5-HT-HRP双标细胞。结论中缝背核5-HT样神经元至背海马投射为进一步研究海马的生理功能提供了有价值的形态学资料。     

豚鼠耳蜗核SP阳性神经元向下丘的投射-HRP逆行追踪与免疫组化双标

目的 研究豚鼠耳蜗核P物质（SP）免疫反应阳性产物的分布特点及SP标记神经元向下丘投射方式。方法 采用辣根过氧化物酶（HRP）逆行追踪及免疫组织化学技术。结果 SP免疫反应（SP－IR）阳性的纤维和终末主要分布在耳蜗背侧核,而SP－IR阳性神经元主要分布在耳蜗腹侧核,在腹侧核尚可见SP阳性终末包绕SP阳性胸体形成环形结构,一侧下丘中央核注入HRP后,对侧耳蜗核HRP标记细胞分布于耳蜗前腹核及背侧核,耳蜗后腹核呈阴性反应。同侧耳蜗后腹核HRP标记神经元数量也较少,在对侧耳蜗前腹核,HRP－SP双标神经元约占标记细胞的44％,SP单标细胞占标记细胞的50％,HRP单标细胞占6％。耳蜗背侧核内侧也可见少量的双标细胞。结论 SP是耳蜗核上行投射神经元的递质或调质。     

猫背海马和齿状回的传入纤维来源—HRP法

在10只猫背海马和齿状回注入HRP,发现以下核团有细胞发出纤维投射到背海马和齿状回:内外侧嗅皮质、内隔核、扣带回、丘脑前背核、丘脑前腹核、丘脑前内侧核、丘脑背內侧核、丘脑联合核、下丘脑外侧核、下丘脑背内侧核、下丘脑后核、乳头上区、缰核、外膝体核、中缝背核、中央上核、兰斑核及斜角带核,为进一步探讨海马的功能提供形态学依据。     

大鼠中缝背核内一氧化氮合酶阳性神经元向伏隔核的投射

目的:观察大鼠中缝背核内一氧化氮合酶(NOS)阳性神经元向伏隔核的投射,为阐明一氧化氮(NO)在中缝背核与伏隔核的纤维联系中的作用提供有价值的形态学依据。方法:用还原型尼克酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸脱氢酶(NADPH d)法结合辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)逆行追踪法,观察大鼠中缝背核内NOS阳性神经元向伏隔核的投射。结果:在中缝背核内观察到HRP/NOS双标记神经元,所占比例为5%。结论:中缝背核内有NOS阳性神经元向伏隔核投射。     

大鼠外侧丘系核GABA能免疫阳性神经元向下丘的投射①

用HRP逆行追踪结合抗GABA的免疫细胞化学双标记法对外侧丘系核 (NLL)向下丘中央核(ICC)的GABA能投射进行了研究。结果在双侧外侧丘系背侧核(DNLL)及同侧外侧丘系中间核(INLL)和外侧丘系腹侧核(VNLL)均可见到大量HRP单标,GABA单标及HRP/GABA双标细胞。其中HRP/GABA双标细胞在同侧VNLL最多(41%),同侧INLL为21%,同侧DNLL为8%,对侧DNLL为29%,各亚核双标细胞占投射神经元的比例同侧VNLL为70%,同侧INLL为63%,同侧DNLL为51%,而对侧DNLL为75%。对侧INLL及VNLL未见HRP单标及HRP/GABA双标细胞。以上结果表明,双侧DNLL、同侧INLL和VNLL存在着大量向ICC投射GABA能神经元。本研究提示NLL通过GABA能投射向IC施加抑制性影响。     

大鼠中缝背核、正中隆起接触脑脊液神经元化学性质的研究

用CB-HRP追踪与免疫细胞化学结合的方法,对大鼠中缝背核、正中隆起接触脑脊液神经元的化学性质进行了研究。将CB-HRP注入第三脑室后,中缝背核、正中隆起内观察到CB-HRP标记细胞。标记细胞分布于中缝背核的腹侧部(在中脑水管腹侧呈对称性分布)及正中隆起的室管膜带。在CB-HRP与5-羟色胺(5-HT)免疫细胞化学结合的切片上,中缝背核及正中隆起内出现三种标记细胞:HRP单标细胞、5-HT免疫反应阳性细胞、HRP/5-HT双标细胞,双标细胞中为中小型、三角形或圆形。上述结果提示:中缝背核、正中隆起存在着5-HT能触液神经元。     

大鼠前脑和脑干向中央上核的纤维投射

用辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)微电泳技术研究大鼠前脑和脑干向中央上核(CS)的纤维投射。将HRP输入CS后,观察到缰核、脚间核和被盖背核区有较多的标记细胞,斜角带核、下丘脑核和乳头体核有少量标记细胞。在外侧缰核、脚间核和被盖背核区可见丰富的顺行标记终末。结果表明,前脑的缰核和脑干的脚间核和被盖背核区是CS的主要传入来源,它们之间存在往返的纤维联系。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.