腓浅神经营养血管远端蒂筋膜皮下瓣修复足背缺损

目的 :介绍带腓浅神经营养血管的远端蒂筋膜皮下瓣的临床应用经验 ;方法 :设计带腓浅神经营养血管的小腿远端蒂筋膜皮下组织瓣 ,组织瓣面积 ( 1 0cm～ 1 4cm)× ( 4cm～ 5cm) ,蒂宽 3cm～ 4cm ,翻转 1 80°修复足背创面 ;结果 :修复 5例 ,组织瓣完全成活 ,随访一年以上功能良好 ;结论 :带腓浅神经营养血管的远端蒂筋膜皮下瓣血供丰富 ,方法简单 ,是修复足背软组织缺损的好方法     

腓肠神经营养血管皮瓣的临床应用12例

目的 探讨腓肠神经营养血管皮瓣逆行修复小腿远端及踝足皮肤缺损的临床疗效.方法 应用带筋膜蒂的腓肠神经营养血管皮瓣,逆行修复踝足部及小腿软组织缺损12例,同时观察皮瓣的可切取范围、血液供应及静脉回流情况,根据营养血管在外踝与腓动脉穿支的位置,选择血管蒂的处理方案.结果 修复足背及内外踝软组织缺损7例,足趾根部软组织缺损2例,小腿远端3例.皮瓣最大切取面积17 cm×12 cm,全部存活.结论 腓肠神经营养血管皮瓣血运丰富,成活率高,手术操作简单,是修复足踝及小腿软组织的理想皮瓣.     

小隐静脉-腓肠外侧神经营养血管蒂皮瓣修复下肢组织缺损的临床应用

目的探讨小隐静脉-腓肠外侧神经营养血管蒂皮瓣修复下肢组织缺损的方法和临床效果。方法术前采用Doppler探测小隐静脉走行方向、腓动脉穿支点及其走形方向并标记,设计以腓动脉穿支为蒂、带腓肠外侧神经的皮瓣,修复足跟电击伤4例,踝部慢性溃疡3例,小腿远端胫腓骨骨折术后骨钢板外露2例。结果小隐静脉-腓肠外侧神经营养血管蒂皮瓣全部成活,随访3个月～1年,皮瓣质地良好,功能、外形恢复满意,保留了足背外侧、足跟的感觉功能。结论小隐静脉-腓肠外侧神经营养血管蒂皮瓣血运可靠,成活率高,保留了足背外侧、足跟的感觉功能,是修复下肢组织缺损比较理想的方法。     

改良腓浅神经营养血管皮瓣修复足背缺损29例分析

目的：探讨改良腓浅神经营养血管皮瓣修复足背软组织缺损的疗效。方法：对29例足背软组织缺损应用改良腓浅神经营养血管皮瓣修复,皮瓣血管筋膜蒂不仅包含腓浅神经及其营养血管、深筋膜,还包含肌膜及部分小腿前外侧肌间隔,外缘达腓骨前缘,内缘达胫前肌外缘,并保留1.0-1.5cm宽皮桥,形成立体的供血系统,皮瓣通过明道转移至足背软组织缺损处,并分析手术效果。结果：29例皮瓣全部成活,27例获得6个月以上随访,皮瓣外观及质地满意。结论：改良腓浅神经营养血管皮瓣血供丰富,切取方法简便易行,成功率高,病人痛苦小,是修复足背软组织缺损的好方法。     

筋膜蒂逆行皮瓣在小腿下1/3及足部缺损修复中的应用

目的 应用小腿筋膜蒂逆行皮瓣修复组织缺损。方法 应用三种类型小腿筋膜蒂逆行皮瓣修复小腿下１／３及足部组织缺损３２例（３３块皮瓣）,其中腓动脉穿支小腿外侧筋膜蒂逆行皮瓣１６例１７块皮瓣;腓肠神经营养血管蒂小腿后侧筋膜蒂逆行皮瓣１１例;胫后动脉穿支小腿内侧筋膜蒂逆行皮瓣５例。结果 ３３块皮瓣中,２９块完全成活,３块远端部分坏惟完全坏死接爱第一次植皮,术后外形及功能良好。结论 该组筋膜蒂逆行皮瓣有血供良     

节段性腓动脉穿支供血的腓肠神经滋养血管皮瓣的解剖研究和临床应用

目的：观察小腿腓肠神经滋养血管的走行、来源及其与周围组织的吻合关系．设计以腓动脉穿支为血供的逆行岛状皮瓣，进行足踝部软组织缺损的修复。方法：通过选取10例成人小腿标本，进行腓肠神经及其伴行血管的显微解剖研究，观测腓肠神经滋养血管的来源、构成及相互吻合关系，在此基础上应用节段性腓动脉穿支为血供的带蒂逆行岛状皮瓣并应用于临床。修复足踝部缺损10例。结果：解剖研究表明：小腿腓肠神经全程均有伴行动静脉滋养，行程中不断接受不同平面的穿支加强，并与周围组织形成广泛的吻合。在踝上3～7cm范围内有较大的腓动脉穿支与之吻合，提供血液滋养并藉此为其周围皮肤供血。以此神经血管蒂设计逆行岛状皮瓣修复足部软组织缺损10例，全部成活。结论：以腓动脉穿支一腓肠神经滋养血管一皮肤血管网的营养皮瓣，为修复足踝部软组织缺损的较好的方法，且简单易行。     

腓肠神经营养血管皮瓣的解剖特点与逆行应用

目的:研究腓肠神经营养血管皮瓣的解剖特点,为临床设计腓肠神经营养血管逆行皮瓣提供解剖依据.方法:通过对20侧新鲜小腿进行血管铸型后解剖,观察测量腓肠神经营养血管的来源、走行、分布及与小隐静脉和腓肠神经的位置关系.结果:腓肠神经位置恒定,为多源性血供,且呈节段性分布.腓肠神经在行走全程中,上段有腘窝中间动脉伴行,其直径为(0.06±0.01)cm,并有腓肠肌的肌皮穿支与之吻合;下段有腓肠中间浅动脉伴行供血,其直径为(0.04±0.01)cm,并有腓动脉穿支与之吻合.腓肠神经营养血管形成了纵行皮神经滋养血管网,在营养神经的同时,还发出小分支供养相应区域的皮肤.在外踝尖上方3~7 cm 范围内,腓动脉穿支数量为2~4支(平均为3支),直径为0.02~0.10 cm,一般0.06 cm 以上的穿支总能找到1条,该穿支血管是腓肠神经营养血管逆行筋膜蒂皮瓣的解剖学基础.结论:腓肠神经营养血管有多源性、吻合丰富、血供较好的特点,可以设计腓动脉穿支为旋转点的腓肠神经营养血管逆行筋膜蒂皮瓣,在不牺牲下肢主干血管的情况下,主要应用于小腿中下1/3段、踝周及足部等处皮肤软组织损伤的修复与治疗.     

逆行腓肠神经营养血管皮瓣的临床应用

目的 探讨腓肠神经营养血管皮瓣逆行转移修复足背、足跟及踝部组织缺损的临床应用效果.方法 在应用解剖及对成人小腿和足背长度测量的基础上,设计带筋膜蒂的腓肠神经营养血管岛状皮瓣,逆行应用修复足背、足跟、足底及踝部软组织缺损.同时观察皮瓣的可切取范围、血液供应及静脉回流情况、营养血管在外踝上与腓动脉穿支的位置及血管蒂隧道的处理方案.结果 临床应用28例,其中修复足背组织缺损16例,足跟软组织缺损5例,足底软组织缺损4例及外踝及足背联合缺损3例.皮瓣最大面积17 cm×12 cm,全部成活.结论 腓肠神经营养血管皮瓣血液循环丰富,成活率高,是修复足背、足跟、踝部、足底部软组织缺损的理想皮瓣.     

小腿远端及足踝部皮肤缺损的显微外科治疗

目的观察多种皮瓣修复小腿远端及足踝软组织缺损的临床效果。方法应用皮瓣修复小腿远端及足踝软组织缺损,其中包括内踝上皮瓣、外踝上皮瓣、足底内侧皮瓣、隐神经营养血管蒂皮瓣、带隐神经胫后动脉穿支蒂皮瓣、腓肠神经营养血管蒂皮瓣、带腓肠神经的腓动脉穿支蒂皮瓣、带旋髂深血管髂骨游离皮瓣、游离的背阔肌皮瓣、股前外侧皮瓣。结果55例皮瓣中完全成活48例,部分坏死7例,成活后的皮瓣远期随访质地比较柔软,带蒂皮瓣比较薄,相对容易恢复保护性感觉。游离皮瓣一般外形臃肿,恢复保护性感觉差。结论小腿远端及足踝创面修复的皮瓣种类日渐增多,可根据临床具体情况选择合适的皮瓣来达到较满意的修复效果。     

前臂桡侧远端蒂岛状筋膜皮瓣修复手部缺损

目的：研究前臂链式血供远端蒂筋膜组织瓣的解剖特点及其在手外科的临床应用。方法：通过１４具新鲜前臂标本的血管灌注与显微解剖,观察了前臂筋膜皮肤的血供特点,并以此为基础设计远端蒂岛状筋膜皮瓣和筋膜皮下组织瓣,修复手部创伤缺损２４例。结果：前臂桡侧筋膜皮肤的血供来自桡动脉发出的数目众多的细小肌间隙穿动脉,这些穿动脉在深筋膜表面和浅筋膜的皮神经、皮静脉周围,形成环环相扣的纵向链式吻合血管丛。临床以桡骨茎突     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.