Small bowel capsule endoscopy in obscure gastrointestinal bleeding: A matched cohort comparison of patients with normal vs surgically altered gastric anatomy

BackgroundLittle is known about small bowel capsule endoscopy (SBCE) outcomes in patients with surgically altered anatomy.AimsTo assess the feasibility and diagnostic yield of orally ingested SBCE to investigate obscure gastrointestinal bleeding (OGIB) in patients with surgically altered gastric anatomy, compared to native gastric anatomy.Methods207 patients with OGIB were selected from an open, multicenter, retrospective cohort (SAGA study) and match-paired according to age, gender and bleeding type (overt/occult) to 207 control patients from a randomized controlled trial (PREPINTEST). Primary outcomes were the diagnostic yield (P1 or P2 findings), completion rate, adverse events rate, and small bowel transit time (SBTT).ResultsThe diagnostic yield was not statistically different between groups (44.9% in SAGA vs 42.5% in control patients). Inflammatory/ulcerated lesions were significantly more frequent in patients with SAGA (43.0% vs 29.3%). The median SBTT was significantly longer in the SAGA group than in control patients (283 vs 206 minutes), with a significantly lower completion rate (82.6% vs 89.9%); Adverse events were scarce (0.5% vs 0.0%).ConclusionPatients with surgically altered gastric anatomy should benefit from SBCE investigation for OGIB as much as non-operated patients.     

Diagnostic yield of small bowel capsule endoscopy depends on the small bowel transit time

AIM: To investigate whether the small bowel transit time (SBTT) influences the diagnostic yield of capsule endoscopy (CE).METHODS: Six hundred and ninety-one consecutive CE procedures collected in a database were analyzed. SBTT and CE findings were recorded. A running mean for the SBTT was calculated and correlated to the diagnostic yield with a Spearman’s correlation test. Subgroup analyses were performed for the various indications for the procedure.RESULTS: There was a positive correlation between the diagnostic yield and SBTT (Spearman’s rho 0.58, P < 0.01). Positive correlations between diagnostic yield and SBTT were found for the indication obscure gastrointestinal bleeding (r = 0.54, P < 0.01), for polyposis and carcinoid combined (r = 0.56, P < 0.01) and for the other indications (r = 0.90, P <0.01), but not for suspected Crohn’s disease (r = -0.40).CONCLUSION: The diagnostic yield in small bowel capsule endoscopy is positively correlated with the small bowel transit time. This is true for all indications except for suspected Crohn’s disease.     

The role of capsule endoscopy in obscure gastrointestinal bleeding

Background and study aimObscure gastrointestinal bleeding is mostly recurrent and originates in the small bowel, which can be only partially examined by conventional endoscopy. Capsule endoscopy has revolutionized the evaluation of obscure gastrointestinal bleeding (OGIB). The diagnostic yield of capsule endoscopy in OGIB was a main concern of many studies. The aim of this study is to assess the diagnostic yield of capsule endoscopy in cases of OGIB. Capsule-related complications and degree of inter-observer variation will be recorded as well.Patients and methods54 consecutive patients suffering from OGIB, whether occult or overt, were subjected to capsule examination and data analysis.ResultsThe majority (74.1%) presented with obscure overt bleeding. Examination was complete in 68.4%. The commonest lesions were angiodysplasias (17.5%). Examinations were negative for lesions in 35.1% and hampered by limitations in 19.3%. The capsule diagnostic yield was 56.1%, while capsule retention occurred in 3.5%. The inter-observer agreement for the cause of bleeding was 91.2%.ConclusionsCapsule endoscopy proved helpful in solving the mystery of OGIB. It succeeded in diagnosing the cause of bleeding and directing further management with good compliance, high proportion of inter-observer agreement and low incidence of complications.     

胶囊内镜对不明原因消化道出血诊断价值的评估

背景：对于不明原因消化道出血（OGIB），胶囊内镜是一种有价值的诊断方法。但迄今为止，该技术在OGIB诊断中应用的研究多限于小样本病例。目的：评价胶囊内镜对OGIB的诊断价值，确定其敏感性，特异性，阳性，阴性预测值和总诊断率。方法：2002年5月-2005年1月，对连续选取的91例OGIB患者行胶囊内镜检查94次，对胶囊排出时间，再检查，治疗，再出血，依从性和并发症等情况进行随访观察。结果：胶囊内镜检查的阳性率为74.7%，疑诊率为11.0%，阴性率为14.3%。其诊断OGIB的敏感性，特异性以及阳性，阴性预测值分别为94.6%、88.9%和80.0%，总诊断率为93.8%。检查过程中仅1例（1.1%）患者发生胶囊滞留，后经手术取出并证实为克罗恩病所致的肠腔狭窄。结论：胶囊内镜对于OGIB是一种有效而安全的检查手段，迟早行胶囊内镜检查可使患者早日明确诊断并得到及时治疗，从而改善预后。     

Clinical application of video capsule endoscopy

BACKGROUND: Non-invasive imaging of the complete small bowel has become possible with the recently available video capsule endoscopy technique. The aim of this study was to review and assess the possibilities and limitations of the clinical application of video capsule endoscopy. METHODS: Literature review. RESULTS: Video capsule endoscopy is a new promising technique with good to excellent visualization of the mucosa of the small bowel. It has a high diagnostic yield in patients with occult gastrointestinal blood loss (OGIB) and Crohn disease (CD). Several other indications need further study. Compared to small-bowel X-ray and push enteroscopy, diagnostic yield appears to be superior. Video capsule endoscopy is very well tolerated by patients. Its most important limitation is the impossibility of taking biopsies and therapeutic interventions. CONCLUSION: Video capsule endoscopy is a promising new diagnostic tool for small-bowel disease.     

187例OMOM胶囊内镜回顾性分析

目的 探讨胶囊内镜(CE)对小肠疾病的诊断价值及未完成全小肠检查(UCSE)的危险因素.方法 收集2016年5月至2019年5月于武汉大学人民医院连续进行OMOM胶囊内镜检查的187例患者的相关临床资料,回顾性分析CE小肠病变检出和诊断情况、全小肠检查完成情况及UCSE的可能危险因素.结果 CE小肠病变检出率为64.2...     

Effect of three bowel preparations on video-capsule endoscopy gastric and small-bowel transit time and completeness of the examination

OBJECTIVE: Video capsule endoscopy fails to visualize the caecum in about 20% of patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different bowel preparations on video capsule endoscopy gastric- (GTT) and small-bowel transit time (SBTT) and the rate of caecal visualization. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We retrospectively examined 186 consecutive capsule endoscopy videos undertaken over a 3-year period, excluding cases with diabetes mellitus or gastric surgery (n=28), cases with unknown bowel preparation and those with unreadable data CDs (n=27). Sixty-seven (36%) patients were prepared with a liquid diet (CL), 54 (29%) with sodium phosphate (PS) and 65 (35%) with polyethylene glycol (PEG). Two independent, experienced investigators examined the videos. RESULTS: No difference was found in GTT among CL, PS and PEG preparations (25, 6.7-116.2 min, 34.75, 4.1-125 min, 35, 6.1-128.6 min, respectively, p=0.29). The caecum was visualized in 56/67 (83.6%), 44/54 (81.5%) and 53/65 (81.5%) patients who received CL, PS and PEG, respectively (p=0.9). In the cases where capsule endoscopy reached the caecum, no difference was observed in SBTT among patients that received CL, PS and PEG (264.4+/-85.9 min, 296.7+/-79.5 min, 291.3+/-84 min, respectively, p=0.11). CONCLUSIONS: Bowel preparations for capsule endoscopy do not have a significant effect on gastric and small-bowel video capsule transit time and the rate of caecum visualization.     

Capsule endoscopy and single-balloon enteroscopy in small bowel diseases: Competing or complementary?

AIM To evaluate diagnostic yields of capsule endoscopy(CE) and/or single-balloon enteroscopy(SBE) in patients with suspected small bowel diseases.METHODS Were trospectively analyzed 700 patients with suspected small bowel diseases from September 2010 to March 2016. CE, SBE, or SBE with prior CE was performed in 401, 353, and 47 patients, respectively. Data from clinical and endoscopy records were collected for analysis. Indications, procedure times, diagnostic yields, and complications were summarized and evaluated.RESULTS The overall diagnostic yield for the CE group was 57.6%. The diagnostic yield of CE in patients with obscure gastroin testinal bleeding(OGIB) was significantly greater than that in patients with no bleeding(70.5% vs 43.8%, P 0.01). The overall diagnostic yield of SBE was 69.7%. There was no difference in the diagnostic yield of SBE between patients with OGIB and those with no bleeding(72.5% vs 68.9%, P = 0.534). Forty-seven patients underwent CE prior to SBE. Among them, the diagnostic yield of SBE with positive findings on prior CE was 93.3%. In addition, SBE detected two cases with superficial ulcer and erosive lesions in the small bowel, which were missed by CE. However, one case with lymphoma and two with Crohn's disease were not confirmed by SBE. The rate of capsule retention was 2.0%. There were no significant complications during or after SBE examinations.CONCLUSION SBE is a safe and effective technique for diagnosing small bowel diseases. SBE with prior CE seemed to improve the diagnostic yield of small bowel diseases.     

Capsule endoscopy in obscure gastrointestinal bleeding--an Indian experience.

BACKGROUND: Obscure gastrointestinal bleeding (OGIB) is a common indication for capsule endoscopy (CE). Reports on diagnostic yield of CE in this situation show a wide variation. We evaluated the diagnostic yield and clinical impact of CE in patients with OGIB. METHODS: We reviewed the medical records of patients with OGIB who underwent CE at our institution between June 2002 and October 2005. RESULTS: 154 patients (mean age 47 [SD 17] years; 117 men), including 74 with overt OGIB and 80 with occult OGIB, underwent CE. CE yielded positive findings in 57 of 74 patients (77%) with overt OGIB and 22 of 80 (27%) of those with occult OGIB (p < 0.0001); the overall positive diagnostic yield was 52%. NSAID-induced lesions (15%), angiodysplasias (14%) and aphthous ulcers (12%) were the most frequent findings. CE helped in planning further management in 79% of patients with overt OGIB and 26% of those with occult OGIB. CONCLUSION: CE is a useful diagnostic technique in patients with OGIB, especially those with overt OGIB.     

Evaluation and outcomes of patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding

Obscure gastrointestinal bleeding(OGIB) is defined as recurrent or persistent bleeding or presence of iron deficiency anaemia after evaluation with a negative bidirectional endoscopy. OGIB accounts for 5% of gastrointestinal bleeding and presents a diagnostic challenge. Current modalities available for the investigation of OGIB include capsule endoscopy, balloon assisted enteroscopy, spiral enteroscopy and computed tomography enterography. These modalities overcome the limitations of previous techniques. Following a negative bidirectional endoscopy, capsule endoscopy and double balloon enteroscopy remain the cornerstone of investigation in OGIB given their high diagnostic yield. Longterm outcome data in patients with OGIB is limited, but is most promising for capsule endoscopy. This article reviews the current literature and provides an overview of the clinical evaluation of patients with OGIB, available diagnostic and therapeutic modalities and longterm clinical outcomes.     

OMOM胶囊内镜临床应用的初步评价

目的探讨0MOM胶囊内镜系统的性能及在临床应用中的价值。方法总结分析65例OMOM胶囊内镜检查的临床资料。结果在疑有消化道疾病的65例患者检查中，l例在胶囊有效时间未能通过幽门，总结其余64例患者，共检出病变47例，包括小肠炎2l例(其中克鲁恩病3例)，胃及小肠息肉8例(其中1例Peutz-Jeghers综合征)，血管粗大或畸形9例，回肠憩室3例，钩虫症3例，小肠黏膜下占位3例(其中1例手术及病理证实为平滑肌肉瘤)。未见异常17例。阳性检出率为73．4％。胶囊检查时间平均为473min(360～630min)，排出时间平均为1723min(690～2370min)。结论OMOM胶囊内镜对于小肠病变的检出率较高，对于不明原因的消化道出血患者可作为常规检查手段。     

Obscure gastrointestinal bleeding: single centre experience of capsule endoscopy

The advent of capsule endoscopy (CE) has resulted in a paradigm shift in the approach to the diagnosis and management of patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding (OGIB). With increasing global availability of this diagnostic tool, it has now become an integral part of the diagnostic algorithm for OGIB in most parts of the world. However, there is scant data on optimum timing of CE for maximizing diagnostic yield. OGIB continues to be a challenge because of delay in diagnosis and consequent morbidity and mortality. We evaluated the diagnostic yield of CE in identifying the source of bleeding in patients with OGIB. We identified patients who underwent CE at our institution from May 2006 to May 2011. The patients’ medical records were reviewed to determine the type of OGIB (occult, overt), CE results and complications, and timing of CE with respect to onset of bleeding. Out of 346 patients investigated for OGIB, 246 (71.1%) had some lesion detected by CE. In 206 patients (59.5%), definite lesions were detected that could unequivocally explain the OGIB. Small bowel angiodysplasia, ulcer/erosions secondary to Crohn’s disease, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent use, and neoplasms were the commonest lesions detected. Visualization of the entire small bowel was achieved in 311 (89.9%) of cases. Capsule retention was noted in five patients (1.4%). In this study, CE was proven to be a safe, comfortable, and effective, with a high rate of accuracy for diagnosing OGIB.     

胶囊内镜诊断不明原因消化道出血107例

目的:探讨胶囊内镜在不明原因消化道出血中的诊断价值及其与双气囊小肠镜在病因诊断中联合应用的意义。方法:采用M2A胶囊内镜对107例不明原因消化道出血患者进行检查,其中男61例,女46例,平均年龄(51.6±18.9)岁。其中36例患者依据胶囊内镜所观察到的结果,选择经口或经肛行双气囊小肠镜检查和(或)手术探查。结果:107例患者中106例(99.1%)完成胶囊内镜检查,75例(70.8%)胶囊内镜通过回盲瓣。107例中病变检出96例(89.7%)、确诊70例(65.4%)。36例中再经双气囊小肠镜检查和(或)手术后证实胶囊内镜诊断者为26例(72.2%)。2例(1.9%)发生胶囊滞留。结论:胶囊内镜对不明原因消化道出血具有较高的诊断价值,可作为病因诊断的首选筛查手段,与双气囊小肠镜联合应用可大大提高疾病的确诊率。     

Single center experience of capsule endoscopy in patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding

AIM:To identify optimum timing to maximize diagnostic yield by capsule endoscopy (CE) in patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding (OGIB).METHODS:We identified patients who underwent CE at our institution from August 2003 to December 2009.Patient medical records were reviewed to determine type of OGIB (occult,overt),CE results and complications,and timing of CE with respect to onset of bleeding.RESULTS:Out of 385 patients investigated for OGIB,284 (74%) had some lesion detected by CE.In 222 patients (...     

胶囊内镜检查不明原因消化道出血临床转归115例

目的:探讨胶囊内镜诊断不明原因消化道出血(OGIB)的可靠性及根据其诊断结果指导疾病,临床转归的有效性.方法:收集2002-05/2005-06间因不明原因消化道出血连续至本院行胶囊内镜检查的患者99例,通过就诊记录、电话追踪和门急诊随访等分析胶囊内镜诊断结果的临床符合情况、根据该诊断指导干预措施的结果、患者再出血及再检查等情况.结果:胶囊内镜对OGIB的病变检出率为89.9%,平均随访时间为18.4(6-41)mo,63例(63.6%)胶囊内镜检查结果得以验证,病变检出率在验证前后无显著差异(P=0.36),最终确诊率达90.5%(57/63).根据胶囊内镜诊断结果指导的特异性治疗率为50.5%(50/99),总成功率为82%(41/50),且经胶囊内镜诊断结果指导的对小肠阳性病变的有效干预率显著高于可疑阳性病变(P=0.01).结论:胶囊内镜诊断不明原因消化道出血的准确性高,能有效指导对疾病的进一步治疗,并能较大程度地影响这些疾病,特别是溃疡、肿瘤及血管发育不良所致的不明原因消化道出血的临床转归.     

Capsule endoscopy： Current status in obscure gastrointestinal bleeding

Capsule endoscopy (CE) is a safe, non invasive diagnostic modality for the evaluation of small bowel lesions. Obscure gastrointestinal bleeding (OGIB) is one of the most important indications of capsule endoscopy. Capsule endoscopy has a very high diagnostic yield especially if the bleeding is ongoing. This technique appears to be superior to other techniques for the detection of suspected lesions and the source of bleeding. Capsule endoscopy has been shown to change the outcome in patients with obscure gastrointestinal (GI) bleed.     

胶囊内镜在不明原因消化道出血中的临床应用

目的探讨胶囊内镜在不明原因消化道出血中的诊断价值、耐受性、并发症。方法对20例不明原因消化道出血患者行OMOM胶囊内镜检查。结果15例胶囊内镜下发现异常,12例明确为出血病灶,诊断率为60%（12/20）,包括克罗恩病5例,间质瘤4例,晚期肿瘤1例,新鲜出血1例,血管瘤1例。20例受检者均耐受良好,2例出现了胶囊滞留。结论胶囊内镜对不明原因消化道出血有较高的诊断率,易耐受,胶囊滞留是其主要并发症,易发生于克罗恩病患者。     

胶囊内镜诊断不明原因消化道出血的价值

背景：不明原因消化道出血（OGIB）的诊断是临床难题之一。随着内镜技术的革新,OGIB的诊治水平不断提高。目的：评价胶囊内镜诊断OGIB的价值。方法：回颐性分析南京鼓楼医院2003年5月～2008年4月行胶囊内镜检查的OGIB患者的资料。结果：胶囊内镜的OGIB总检出率为82．6％（228／276）。小肠病变检出率为77．5％（214／276）,其中以血管动静脉畸形（AVM）最为常见,其次为小肠占位和小肠克罗恩病（CD）。14例（5．1％）患者的出血部位位于小肠以外,其中5例位于胃内,9例为结肠病变。所有患者均未出现肠梗阻症状。与〈50岁的患者相比。≥50岁者的小肠AVM检出率显著增高（33．9％对19．6％,P=0．016）,小肠占位和寄生虫病检出率均无明显差异。男性患者的小肠CD检出率显著高于女性患者（17．1％对6．8％,P=0．018）。结论：胶囊内镜检查安全、无创伤,诊断OGIB的价值较高。OGIB以小肠AVM最为多见,其次为小肠占位和CD。     

Diagnostic yield and therapeutic implications of capsule endoscopy in obscure gastrointestinal bleeding

AIM: The main aim of this study was to evaluate efficacy and therapeutic impact of capsule endoscopy (CE) in obscure gastrointestinal bleeding (OGIB). In addition, we evaluated the software of automatic detection of red zones (SBI, Given Imaging). PATIENTS AND METHODS: From June 2002 to June 2003, thirty-five patients with OGIB underwent capsule endoscopy after negative upper and lower digestive endoscopy. Capsule endoscopy was performed following a 12-hour fasting period and some received 2 L of PEG the night before for bowel preparation. RESULTS: CE was performed for occult (N=18) or overt (N=17) OGIB. Potentially bleeding lesions were found in 16/35 patients (45.7%). Lesions were angiodysplasias (N=8), ulcerations (N=4), tumors (N=2) and active bleeding without visible lesion (N=2). Lesions were located in gastric antrum (N=1), duodenum (N=2) and jejuno-ileum (N=13). Endoscopic (N=10), surgical (N=2) or medical (N=1) treatments were performed in 13/35 (37%). SBI was retrospectively evaluated in 24 patients with sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of respectively 45%, 73%, 50% and 69%. CE retention during 10 days occurred in a patient with a small bowel NSAID-induced stricture. CONCLUSION: CE is a safe and effective procedure in the management of OGIB and had a therapeutic impact in more than one third of patients.     

Double balloon enteroscopy and capsule endoscopy for obscure gastrointestinal bleeding: an updated meta-analysis

Background and Aim: Uncertainty remains about the best test to evaluate patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding (OGIB). Previous meta‐analyses demonstrated similar diagnostic yields with capsule endoscopy (CE) and double balloon enteroscopy (DBE) but relied primarily on data from abstracts and were not limited to bleeding patients. Many studies have since been published. Therefore, we performed a new meta‐analysis comparing CE and DBE focused specifically on OGIB. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was performed of comparative studies using both CE and DBE in patients with OGIB. Data were extracted and analyzed to determine the weighted pooled diagnostic yields of each method and the odds ratio for the successful localization of a bleeding source. Results: Ten eligible studies were identified. The pooled diagnostic yield for CE was 62% (95% confidence interval [CI] 47.3–76.1) and for DBE was 56% (95% CI 48.9–62.1), with an odds ratio for CE compared with DBE of 1.39 (95% CI 0.88–2.20; P = 0.16). Subgroup analysis demonstrated the yield for DBE performed after a previously positive CE was 75.0% (95% CI 60.1–90.0), with the odds ratio for successful diagnosis with DBE after a positive CE compared with DBE in all patients of 1.79 (95% CI 1.09–2.96; P = 0.02). In contrast, the yield for DBE after a previously negative CE was only 27.5% (95% CI 16.7–37.8). Conclusions: Capsule endoscopy and double balloon enteroscopy provide similar diagnostic yields in patients with OGIB. However, the diagnostic yield of DBE is significantly higher when performed in patients with a positive CE.