曲焕章牙膏样品对口腔常见致病菌的抑菌试验研究

目的：研究曲焕章牙膏对口腔常见致病菌抑菌作用。方法采用试管液体稀释法试验,测定曲焕章牙膏对金黄色葡萄球菌、A群链球菌、铜绿假单胞菌和白色念珠菌的最小抑菌浓度（MIC）。结果曲焕章牙膏对铜绿假单胞菌无抑制作用;对金黄色葡萄球菌、A群链球菌MIC均为0.0019 g/mL;对白色念珠菌的MIC为0.0313 g/mL。结论曲焕章牙膏对铜绿假单胞菌无抑菌作用,对金黄色葡萄球菌、A群链球菌抑菌作用较对白色念珠菌和铜绿假单胞菌好。曲焕章牙膏不同剂量细菌抑菌作用无差异。     

婴幼儿呼吸道感染的常见菌及其抗生素敏感性分析

肺炎，支气管肺炎是婴幼儿的主要常见多发病。而导致婴幼儿肺炎、支气管肺炎的病原体绝大多数为细菌。为了进一步了解这群常见的病原菌及其对抗生素的敏感性。我们对从2002年5月～2005年6月期间对973例下呼吸道感染的婴幼儿做了病原学分析。其中常见病原菌中，革兰氏阳性菌约占33．5％，主要为金黄色葡萄球菌、B群链球菌、肺炎链球菌等。革兰氏阴性菌约为59．8％，其中铜绿假单胞菌、肺炎克雷伯氏菌、阴沟肠杆菌、不动杆菌、大肠杆菌和产气肠杆菌为主。真菌约占6．60％，以白色念珠菌、热带念珠菌，光滑念珠菌，克柔氏念珠菌为主，现将结果报告如下。     

重症监护病房感染的致病菌及药物敏感性分析

目的 总结重症监护病房ICU感染的致病菌分布特点和药物的敏感性,以指导临床合理应用抗生素。方法 选取2003年~2004年我院重症监护病房病人中分离出的致病菌株为研究对象,对其分布和药物敏感结果进行回顾性分析。结果 (1)分离出致病菌415株,革兰氏阴性菌占56.2%,真菌24.3%,革兰氏阳性菌19.5%。(2)主要致病菌为铜绿假单胞菌109株、白色念珠菌82株、鲍曼不动杆菌65株、金黄色葡萄球菌60株、嗜麦芽寡养食单胞菌22株。(3)革兰氏阴性菌中铜绿假单胞菌、鲍曼不动杆菌对亚胺培南敏感率最高,分别为96.2%和95.3%,嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌对头孢他啶敏感率最高,为86.4%;革兰氏阳性菌中金黄色葡萄球菌和溶血葡萄球菌对万古霉素的敏感率均为100%,对夫西地酸、喹奴普汀+达福普汀敏感率都在90%以上;真菌中白色念珠菌对氟康唑敏感率最高,为97.6%。结论 重症监护病房病人感染致病菌以革兰氏阴性菌为主。亚胺培南、万古霉素、氟康唑分别对革兰氏阴性菌、阳性菌、真菌中主要致病菌敏感率最高。     

甜菜碱体外抑菌活性的研究

目的 研究甜菜碱对临床病原菌的体外抑菌活性.方法 采用试管二倍稀释法进行体外抑菌试验,测定甜菜碱对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌和白色念珠菌的最小抑菌浓度.结果 甜菜碱对4种病原菌标准菌株的最小抑菌浓度（MIC）为大肠杆菌的MIC 6.25 mg/ml、铜绿假单胞菌的MIC 3.125 mg/ml、金黄色葡萄球菌的MIC 6.25 mg/ml、白色念珠菌的MIC 25 mg/ml.结论 甜菜碱对4种病原菌的标准菌株都有明显的抑菌作用,尤其对铜绿假单胞菌的MIC值最低.     

重症监护病房临床分离病原菌耐药性及细菌谱变化分析

目的明确急诊重症监护病房(EICU)临床分离病原菌的流行病学及细菌耐药性。方法对EICU3279株病原菌及其耐药性进行回顾性分析。结果感染优势菌为铜绿假单胞菌21.9%,肺炎克雷伯杆菌17.4%,白色念珠菌10.5%,光滑念珠菌7.4%,大肠埃希杆菌6.0%,金黄色葡萄球菌5.7%,表皮葡萄球菌5.6%,革兰氏阴性菌所占比例为62.2%,真菌比例为22.3%,革兰阳性菌比例为15.5%。结论抗菌药物的不恰当使用直接造成病原菌构成变化及耐药性增加,依据病原学及抗菌药物耐药性资料合理选择抗菌药物非常重要。     

重症监护病房感染的致病菌及药物敏感性分析

目的总结重症监护病房ICU感染的致病菌分布特点和药物的敏感性．以指导临床合理应川抗生素。方法选取2003年～2004年我院重症监护病房病人中分离出的致病菌株为研究对象．对其分布和药物敏感结果进行回顾性分析。结果(1)分离出致病菌415株，革兰氏阴性菌占56．2％，真菌24.3％，革兰氏阳性菌19．5％。(2)主要致病菌为铜绿假单胞菌109株、白色念珠菌82株、鲍曼不动杆菌65株、金黄色葡萄球菌60株、嗜麦芽寡养食单胞菌22株。(3)革兰氏阴性菌中铜绿似单胞菌、鲍曼不动杆菌对亚胺培南敏感率最高．分别为96．2％和95．3％，嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌对头孢他啶敏感率最高，为86．4％；革兰氏阳性菌中金黄色葡萄球菌和溶血葡萄球菌对万古霉素的敏感率均为100％，对夫西地酸、喹双普汀 达福普汀敏感率都在90％以上；真菌中白色念珠菌对氟康唑敏感率最高．为97．6％。结论重症监护病房病人感染致病菌以革兰氏阴性菌为主，亚胺培南、万古霉素、氟康唑分别对革兰氏阴性菌、阳性菌、真菌中主要致病菌敏感率最高。     

呼吸道感染患者病原性细菌的临床检验及质量控制策略分析

目的探讨呼吸道感染患者病原性细菌的临床检验及质量控制策略,分析其病原性细菌分布以及菌株药敏情况。方法择取2018年1～12月我院送检痰培养数目4218例作为研究对象,探讨临床检验以及质量控制策略,分析其病原性细菌分布以及菌株药敏情况。结果 4218例痰培养中阳性率16.81%。革兰氏阴性菌分布率73.12%明显高于真菌分布率14.81%、革兰氏阳性菌分布率12.07%(P0.05),真菌和革兰氏阳性菌分布率对比无明显差异(P0.05)。革兰氏阴性菌中病原菌主要包括铜绿假单胞菌27.73%、肺炎克雷伯菌25.23%、鲍曼不动杆菌22.74%;革兰氏阳性菌中主要为金黄色葡萄球菌79.25%。结论呼吸道感染患者病原菌中以铜绿假单胞菌、肺炎克雷伯菌和鲍曼不动杆菌最为常见,且不同病原菌对抗菌药物耐药性均有所差异,临床应根据患者抗生素耐药性合理用药,有效控制和改善疾病预后。     

苦参碱和氧化苦参碱体外抑菌浓度研究

目的研究苦参碱、氧化苦参碱对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌和白色念珠菌的体外抑菌活性。方法采用试管二倍稀释法进行体外抑菌试验,测定苦参碱和氧化苦参碱对上述4种病原菌的最小抑菌浓度。结果苦参碱对大肠杆菌的最小抑菌浓度（MIC）为12.5mg.mL-1;对金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌、白色念珠菌的MIC均为25mg.mL-1;氧化苦参碱对上述4种病原菌的MIC均大于50mg.mL-1。结论苦参碱对4种临床分离率高的感染菌具有明显的体外抑菌作用。     

枸杞叶、桑叶水提物体外抑菌活性研究

目的：研究枸杞叶、桑叶水提物对常见的病原微生物的体外抑菌作用。方法：将枸杞叶和桑叶提取物用试管二倍稀释法联合琼脂平板法,进行体外抑菌试验。结果：枸杞叶水提物对金黄色葡萄球菌最小抑菌浓度（ MIC ）为10 mg/mL,对表皮葡萄球菌MIC为20 mg/mL,对大肠杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌、白假丝酵母菌MIC均＆gt;20 mg/mL;桑叶水提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌的MIC为20 mg/mL;对表皮葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、绿脓杆菌、白色念珠菌MIC均＆gt;20 mg/mL。结论：枸杞叶和桑叶水提物对金黄色葡萄球菌有抑菌作用,两者对革兰阴性菌、念珠菌抑菌作用不显著。     

小花鬼针草总黄酮的抗菌研究

[目的]研究小花鬼针草对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、白色念珠菌、铜绿假单胞菌的体外抗菌活性。[方法]采用50%乙醇-石油醚-乙酸乙酯提取,并以大孔树脂AB-8柱层析富集小花鬼针草中总黄酮;以K-b药敏实验考察总黄酮的抗菌效果,倍比稀释法测定其最低抑菌浓度(MIC)。[结果]小花鬼针草总黄酮对大肠杆菌敏感性较差,对白色念珠菌、铜绿假单胞菌、金黄色葡萄球菌有一定抑制作用。[结论]小花鬼针草总黄酮部位对多种菌表现出抑制作用,提示可能有较广的抗菌谱。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Electro-Acupuncture Combined with the Trigger Point Needle-Embedding for Treatment of Primary Trigeminal Neuralgia in 31 Cases

In recent years, the author of this essay has applied electro-acupuncture combined with the trigger point needle-embedding for treatment of primary trigeminal neuralgia in 31 cases, yielding satis- factory results as reported in the following.     

Investigation of Matrix Metalloproteinase -1, 2 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 in Endometriosis

Objective： To explore the role of matrix metalloproteinase-1,2 （MMP-1, MMP-2） and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 （TIMP-1） in endometriosis. Methods： The eutopic and ectopic endometria from 40 subjects suffering from endometriosis and regular.endometria from 40 subjects （excluding endometriosis） were collected and examined by in situ hybridization technology and western blot assay. Results： Both expressions of MMP-1 and -2 were stronger in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium than in normal endometrium. On the contrary, the expression of TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium was lower. The differences were significant （P 〈 0.01 ）. Moreover, there was no relationship among the expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium. Conclusion： The expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 lose balance and lack of periodic changes in ectopic endometrium , which explains the biological invasive behavior of endometriosis. It was suggested-that regulating the balance between the MMPs and TIMP-1 should be an ideal therapeutic target to endometriosis.     

Shi Da-zhuo (史大卓) —An outstanding cardiologist of integrative medicine

Prof. SHI Da-zhuo, Ph.D., male, was born on March 20, 1960. Prof. SHI entered the Ph.D. program in 1990 at the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences under the supervision of Prof. CHEN Ke-ji, majoring in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. After receiving his Ph.D. degree in 1993, Prof. SHI started working at the Cardiovascular Center in Xiyuan Hospital affiliated to China Academy of Chinese Medical sciences.     

Persist in and Carry Forward the Integrative Medical Research——Speech at the 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine by Academician CHEN Zhu,Minister of Ministry of Health

The 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine （CALM） was convened at 19-20, April 2008 in Beijing. Academician CHEN Zhu, the minister of Ministry of Health indicated at the congress that the integration of Chinese and Western medicine is very well in keeping with the situation of our country and the general rule of development in medical science; and as a good integration of Chinese medicine and Western medicine, it is mutually beneficial and advantageous to both of them. Seeing the creativity shown in integrative medical investigation in theoretic and methodological sides, we should and must persist in and develop it.