丁酸钠对人食管癌Eca-109细胞凋亡作用的实验研究

目的体外研究丁酸钠对人食管癌Eca-109细胞的凋亡作用。方法 以1mmol/L、2．5mmol／L、5mmol／L丁酸钠处理Eca-109细胞，透射电镜观察细胞凋亡的形态，TUNEL法检测细胞凋亡率，免疫组化（SP法）检测凋亡抑制基因bcl-2蛋白的表达。结果 Eca-109细胞经丁酸钠处理后，透射电镜见到细胞核染色质浓缩，聚集于核膜处等细胞凋亡的形态特征，并见到凋亡小体；TUNEL法检测发现2．5mamol／L丁酸钠处理24h组与阴性对照组细胞凋亡率分别为5．5％和1．6％，其差异具有显著性（P〈0．05）；免疫组化检测实验组的bcl-2蛋白表达阳性率低于对照组，具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论 丁酸钠可诱导食管癌Eca-109细胞凋亡，其机制与下调凋亡抑制基因bcl-2蛋白表达有关。     

尼美舒利对人食管癌Eca-109细胞凋亡及Survivin和Caspase-3表达的影响

目的:观察环氧化酶-2(COX-2)选择性抑制剂尼美舒利对人食管癌Eca-109细胞增殖及凋亡的影响,研究其对凋亡抑制蛋白Survivin和Caspase-3表达的影响,探讨尼美舒利诱导Eca-109细胞凋亡的作用机制.方法:尼美舒利作用Eca-109细胞后,MTT法测定尼美舒利对人食管癌Eca-109细胞增殖的抑制率;电子显微镜和流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡:RT-PCR法检测Eca-109细胞Survivin mRNA表达变化,Western blot检测Survivin和Caspase-3蛋白表达变化.结果:尼美舒利(50～400μmol/L)对Eca-109细胞生长有抑制作用,随浓度升高、时间延长抑制作用增强,并诱导Eca-109细胞凋亡,呈剂量-时间效应关系;尼美舒利可降低Survivin mRNA和蛋白表达,增加Caspase-3蛋白表达.结论:尼美舒利可诱导人食管癌细胞株Eca-109凋亡,其机制可能与下调Survivin表达及激活Caspase-3表达有关.     

D-氨基葡萄糖衍生物对人食管癌Eca-109细胞Bcl-2及WTp53蛋白表达的影响

目的:探讨D-氨基葡萄糖衍生物2-(3-羧基-1-丙酰氨基)-2-脱氧-D-葡萄糖(COPADG)对人食管癌Eca-109细胞增殖和凋亡的影响及其作用机制.方法:体外培养Eca-109细胞,COPADG作用Eca-109细胞不同时间;倒置显微镜下观察细胞形态学变化;MTT法检测不同时间点细胞增殖抑制率;流式细胞术检测COPADG作用后Eca-109细胞内Bcl-2及WTp53蛋白表达的变化;Annexin V/PI染色结合流式细胞术检测COPADG作用后Eca-109细胞凋亡率.结果:COPADG作用显著增加Eca-109细胞增殖抑制率及凋亡率;COPADG作用使Eca-109细胞内Bcl-2蛋白表达明显下调而WTp53蛋白表达无变化.结论:COPADG显著抑制Eca-109细胞增殖并诱导细胞凋亡发生,细胞内Bcl-2蛋白表达下调,并可能通过该机制诱导细胞凋亡的发生.     

香加皮杠柳苷诱导人食管癌细胞凋亡及其作用机制的研究

目的:探讨中药香加皮醇提物杠柳苷诱导人食管癌细胞凋亡及其作用机制.方法:应用MTT法检测香加皮醇提物杠柳苷对食管癌细胞TE-13、Eca-109、TE-1和TE-10增殖的影响,并计算其对食管癌细胞的半数抑制浓度(half inhibition concentration ,IC50);在光学显微镜下观察经杠柳苷处理后细胞的形态学改变;Wright-Giemsa染色观察Eca-109细胞凋亡的形态学变化;FCM检测杠柳苷对Eca-109细胞凋亡的影响;RT-PCR法检测经杠柳苷处理后细胞凋亡相关基因mRNA表达的改变;caspase-3/7蛋白酶活性检测试剂盒检测细胞caspase蛋白酶活性的变化.结果:香加皮醇提物杠柳苷对人食管癌细胞的增殖具有明显的抑制作用;经杠柳苷处理后,Eca-109细胞出现明显的凋亡形态学变化,与未处理组比较,细胞凋亡率明显上升(P<0.05);经杠柳苷处理后,Eca-109 细胞中survivin和bcl-2 mRNA的表达下调(P<0.05),bax mRNA的表达水平升高(P<0.05),xiap、caspase-3和caspase-7 mRNA的表达水平无明显变化,而caspase-3/7蛋白酶活性明显增加(P<0.05).结论:杠柳苷可明显抑制食管癌细胞的增殖,其作用机制可能是通过下调凋亡抑制基因的表达而诱导细胞凋亡.     

低剂量辐射对人食管癌细胞凋亡相关基因蛋白表达的影响

目的：研究低剂量辐射对人食管癌细胞凋亡相关基因蛋白P^53、bcl-2和bax表达的影响。方法：采用原位杂交技术检测人食管癌细胞系经低剂量辐射处理前后P5。、bcl-2和bax基因蛋白表达的变化。结果：经4cGy射线照射Eca-109细胞后12小时，P^53基因蛋白表达显降低；bcl-2基因蛋白表达有降低趋势，bax基因蛋白表达有增高趋势，但均无统计学意义，然而，bcl-2／bax比值则明显降低。结论：低剂量辐射能引起Eca-109细胞P^53和bcl-2／bax比值的明显降低，而P^53和bcl-2／bax在辐射诱导细胞凋亡中起着重要作用。因此，低剂量辐射有可能影响食管癌放射治疗的敏感性。     

香加皮宝霍甙-Ⅰ抑制人食管癌细胞增殖的机制

目的观察香加皮活性成分宝藿甙-Ⅰ对食管癌细胞增殖活性及凋亡的影响,并探讨其与β-catenin通路的关系。方法采用MTT法观察宝藿甙-Ⅰ对食管癌细胞Eca-109增殖活性的影响;Annexin V/PI染色检测宝藿甙-Ⅰ对食管癌细胞凋亡的影响。RT-PCR法检测宝藿甙-Ⅰ对食管癌细胞β-catenin、survivin 和c-myc mRNA表达的影响,Western blot和激光共聚焦显微镜检测食管癌细胞β-catenin、磷酸化β-catenin、survivin和c-myc蛋白表达的变化。结果10~40μg/ml宝藿甙-Ⅰ明显降低了Eca-109细胞的增殖活性并诱导其凋亡。经宝藿甙-Ⅰ处理24 h后,β-catenin、survivin 和c-myc mRNA和蛋白表达水平均降低,磷酸化的β-catenin蛋白表达升高,β-catenin在细胞核和细胞质中的表达均降低,且在胞核中的降低更为明显。结论香加皮宝藿甙-Ⅰ可通过调节β-catenin通路活性抑制食管癌Eca-109细胞增殖。     

去甲斑蝥素诱导人食管癌Eca-109细胞凋亡及其作用机制

目的:探讨去甲斑蝥素诱导人食管癌Eca-109细胞的凋亡及其可能的作用机制.方法:去甲斑蝥素作用食管癌Eca-109细胞后,应用MTT法检测其对细胞的生长抑制作用, 透射电子显微镜下观察细胞超微结构的变化,琼脂糖凝胶电泳观察其对细胞凋亡的诱导作用,RT-PCR法检测caspase 8和caspase 3 mRNA的表达,Western 印迹法检测Fas、细胞型含死亡域的Fas结合蛋白样白介素-1β转换酶抑制蛋白(cellular FADD-like interleukin-1β converting enzyme inhibitory protein,c-FLIP) 、caspase 8和caspase 3蛋白的表达.结果:去甲斑蝥素对人食管癌Eca-109细胞具有生长抑制作用,并呈时效和量效依赖关系.电子显微镜下观察发现, 食管癌Eca-109细胞趋于凋亡.DNA琼脂糖凝胶电泳可见典型的DNA梯状条带.RT-PCR检测显示,caspase 8和caspase 3 mRNA的表达水平明显上升 (P<0.01).Western 印迹法检测结果显示,与阴性对照组比较,去甲斑蝥素作用后,食管癌Eca-109细胞中Fas、caspase 3和caspase 8蛋白的表达明显上升(P<0.05),c-FLIP蛋白的表达水平明显下降(P<0.05).结论:去甲斑蝥素能够抑制食管癌Eca-109细胞的生长并诱导其凋亡,其机制可能是通过上调Fas、caspase 8、caspase 3的表达和下调c-FLIP的表达来实现的.     

尼美舒利对食管癌Eca-109细胞生长的影响及其可能机制

目的:探讨尼美舒利对人食管癌Eca-109细胞生长和凋亡的影响及其作用机制。方法:应用MTT比色法检测尼美舒利对Eca-109细胞体外生长的抑制作用;流式细胞仪测定细胞周期和凋亡,琼脂糖凝胶电泳法进一步观察细胞凋亡;RT-PCR法检测COX-2、PPARγmRNA表达变化,Western blot检测PPARγ蛋白表达变化。结果:尼美舒利(50~400μmol/L)对Eca-109细胞生长有抑制作用,随浓度升高、时间延长作用增强,呈剂量-时间效应关系;可使Eca-109细胞G0/G1期比例增高,S期细胞减少,凋亡细胞增多并出现典型的凋亡细胞DNA ladder。此外,尼美舒利可下调COX-2表达并上调PPARγ表达。结论:尼美舒利能抑制Eca-109细胞的生长,其机制可能是通过抑制Eca-109细胞增殖、诱导细胞周期G0/G1期阻滞、细胞凋亡、下调COX-2表达、上调PPARγ表达而实现的。     

苯丁酸钠体外对人肝癌细胞HepG2增殖和凋亡的影响

[目的]探讨组蛋白去乙酰化酶抑制剂苯丁酸钠（PB）体外对人肝癌细胞HepG2增殖和凋亡的影响。[方法]不同浓度苯丁酸钠处理HepG2,应用MTT比色法观察苯丁酸钠对HepG2的生长抑制作用,落射荧光显微镜、DNA电泳和流式细胞仪观察HepG2的凋亡,West-ernblot检测苯丁酸钠处理前后HepG2细胞中Bcl-2、Bax蛋白表达水平的变化。[结果]苯丁酸钠2mmol/L、4mmol/L、8mmol/L作用48h对细胞的抑制率分别为19.41%、39.03%、42.19%,作用72h对细胞的抑制率分别为27.42%、57.11%、70.31%,并诱导细胞凋亡;4mmol/L苯丁酸钠作用HepG248h细胞凋亡率明显高于对照组。落射荧光显微镜和DNA电泳均观察到苯丁酸钠作用后HepG2细胞出现凋亡细胞的特征性变化。苯丁酸钠处理HepG2后Bcl-2蛋白表达减少,Bax蛋白表达增加。[结论]苯丁酸钠体外抑制HepG2增殖并促进其凋亡,其作用机制可能是通过降低细胞内的Bcl-2蛋白,增加细胞内Bax蛋白而实现的。     

Fas、bcl-2和caspase8在去甲斑蝥素诱导食管癌细胞凋亡中的作用及机制

 目的 探讨去甲斑蝥素诱导人食管癌Eca-109细胞凋亡过程中Fas、bcl-2、caspase 8凋亡调节基因的 相互关系及可能的作用机制。 方法 流式细胞术分析去甲斑蝥素作用后细胞凋亡及增殖的变化,应用免疫细胞化学技术检测用药前 后凋亡相关基因Fas、bcl-2、caspase8表达的变化。 结果 去甲斑蝥素诱导的人食管癌Eca-109细胞发生形态改变。流式细胞仪分析结果发现,食管癌 Eca-109细胞在DNA组方图上出现典型的亚二倍体峰即凋亡峰,在细胞周期中的分布也发生了明 显的变化。免疫细胞化学结果显示,去甲斑蝥素作用后食管癌Eca-109细胞Fas、caspase8蛋白 表达明显升高(P<0.05),Bcl-2蛋白表达明显降低(P<0.05)。 结论 去甲斑蝥素能抑制食管癌Eca-109细胞增殖并诱导凋亡,其作用可能与上调Fas、caspase8蛋白 表达,下调Bcl-2蛋白表达有关。     

Dermatomycosis in Goats in India

Summary: In an extensive survey involving 2176 goats 1.56% of goats manifested clinical lesions of ringworm infection. Animals below the age of 6 months were affected most (4.20%). The incidence of infection was higher during the winter months. T. verrucosum, T. mentagrophytes and M. gypseum were isolated from the skin scrapings of 12, 4, and 2 goats respectively. It is suggested that the infected animals could be a source of disease to human population in which the zoophilic dermatophyte invasion is characterized by severe inflammatory lesions of the skin. The zoonotic importance of different dermatophytes is stressed.
Zusammenfassung: In einer ausgedehnten Untersuchung an 2176 Ziegen wurden bei 1,56% klinische Zeichen einer Hautmykose festgestellt. Tiere, die jühger als 6 Monate alt waren, zeigten mit 4,20% am häfigsten Krankheitssymptome. In den Wintermonaten war die Erkrankungshäufigkeit am gröBten. T. vermcosum, T. mentagrophytes and M. gypseum wurden jeweils von 12,4 bzw. 2 Ziegen isoliert. Die inflzierten Tiere köinnen eine Infektionsquelle für die menschliche Bevölkerung darstellen und dort Mykosen mit stark entzündlichen Veränderungen auslösen. Die Bedeutung verschiedener Dermatophyten als Erreger von Zoonosen wird hervorgehoben.     

Trends in zygomycosis in children

Zygomycosis, or mucormycosis, is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in both children and adults. Studies in adults have shown an increase in the incidence of zygomycosis, particularly among haemtopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients and patients with haematologic malignancies. There is a paucity of data on the epidemiology of zygomycosis in children. We performed a retrospective analysis to describe trends in zygomycosis between 1 January 2003 and 31 December 2010. We used the Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) database to identify paediatric patients who were diagnosed with zygomycosis during the study period. Administrative data on diagnoses, demographics, underlying conditions and clinical experiences were collected. Summary statistics were calculated and tests for trend were conducted. We identified 156 unique patients with zygomycosis. The prevalence of zygomycosis did not significantly increase over time (P=0.284). The most common underlying condition was malignancy (58%) and over half received intensive care. Voriconazole utilisation among all hospitalised children significantly increased during the period (P=0.010). Our study demonstrates that the incidence of zygomycosis is not significantly increasing. During the time period there was a significant increase in the use of voriconazole among children.     

Increased apoptosis in cancer cells in vitro and in vivo by ceramides in transferrin-modified liposomes

Lysosomes are a promising therapeutic target for induction apoptosis in cancer cells due to lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP) leading to leakage of hydrolytic enzymes, especially the cathepsins, into the cytoplasm. We hypothesized that with the modification of the ceramide-loaded liposomes with transferrin (Tf), we would achieve both tumor targeting and increased delivery of lysosome-destabilizing agents, such as ceramides to lysosomes, to initiate LMP-induced apoptosis. We prepared Tf-modified (TL) and plain (PL) liposomes and loaded with short (C6)- or long (C16) N-acyl chain ceramides. Uptake, intracellular localization of liposomes, stability of the lysosomal membrane and release of cathepsin D were investigated on Hela cells by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. Apoptosis was evaluated by binding of fluorescently-labeled Annexin V. Antitumor and pro-apoptotic effects of C6Cer-loaded Tf-liposomes were demonstrated in vivo in an A2780-ovarian carcinoma xenograft mouse model. TL were internalized specifically via the TfR-dependent endocytic pathway and localized within the endosome-lysosomal compartment. Ceramide-loaded Tf-liposomes significantly increased apoptosis compared with ceramide-free and ceramide-loaded non-modified liposomes. The treatment of cancer cells with TL led to increased LMP and cytoplasmic relocation of the intralysosomal cathepsin D. A strong antitumor and pro-apoptotic effect of C6Cer-loaded TL was also demonstrated in vivo in an A2780-ovarian carcinoma xenograft mouse model. The lysosomal accumulation of ceramides delivered by Tf-liposomes initiates the permeabilization of the lysosomal membranes required for the release of lysosomal cathepsins into the cytoplasm and initiation of the cancer cell apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo.     

Ringworm in animals in a farm in Assiut

Bericht über das Auftreten von Hautmykosen bei Tieren auf der Farm der Landwirtschaftlichen Fakultät der Universität Assiut. Von 70 Kälbern waren 42 pilzkrank, davon 22 durch T. mentagrophytes, 20 durch T. verrucosum. Von 180 Kühen waren 8 pilzbefalien, sämtlich durch T. mentagrophytes. Von 2 kranken Bullen wurde T. verrucosum isoliert. Auch die 3 Pferde und 2 Maultiere der Farm waren pilzinfiziert; Erreger war in diesen Fällen T. equinum. Auch ein Kalb war von T. equinum befallen. Die gleiche Pilzart wurde ferner von 3 Tierpflegern isoliert, die Pilzherde am Hals und an den Armen aufwiesen.     

Socioeconomic factors in cancer in Sweden

It is well known that certain cancers have shown clustering in socioeconomic groups, but limited data are available on recent results and time trends in such clustering. We determined standardized incidence ratios (SIR) for cancer, adjusted for age, period, region, parity and age at first childbirth among men and women in 6 socioeconomic groups based on the Swedish Family-Cancer Database. Persons had to be identified with the same socioeconomic status in the census of years 1960 and 1970, or of years 1960, 1970 and 1980; the comparison group was all people according to the same censuses. Cancers were followed from years 1970 to 1998 or from 1980 to 1998. Both increased and decreased SIRs were found, and a consistent pattern emerged, although the overall SIRs for cancer did not differ much, the lowest being for farmers (0.85) and the highest for professional men (1.07) and women (1.11). At individual sites, manual workers were at risk of tobacco-, alcohol- and occupation- and human papilloma virus-related cancers and at a decreased risk at most other cancers. Manual workers and farmers showed an excess of stomach cancer; professionals had an excess of melanoma and squamous cell skin cancer. Male and female SIRs correlated highly for manual and blue-collar workers and for professionals. The overall population-attributable fraction for selected sites was 16.7% for men and 10.9% for women and it was highest, over 50%, for lung cancer in both genders.     

Survey of changes in dietary preferences in cancer patients in China

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in dietary preferences in cancer patients in China and to determine the need for encouraging the adherence to a sensible diet among such patients.Methods A total of 468 cancer patients were interviewed using a self-designed questionnaire focusing on changes in the intake of specific foods. Data were analyzed using SPSS 16.0. Results Most patients completely avoided roosters and carp(73.1%), condiments(51.9%), and meat of aquatic species(40.4%). All other types of the specific foods were completely avoided by different subpopulations of the patients.Conclusion In addition to focusing on disease treatment, medical professionals need to help cancer patients overcome barriers associated with the customs of avoiding specific foods encompassed by the term ”fawu” and provide them with dietary guidance in order to prevent negative nutritional effects.     

Advances in cancer epidemiology in Japan

Epidemiologists in Japan have been performing calculations to estimate nationwide cancer incidence rates as well as 5‐year survival rates using population‐based cancer registry data. There have been remarkable changes in cancer incidence and/or mortality in cancers of the lung, liver and stomach, which were thought to be attributed to the changing impact of exposure to cigarette smoking, chronic hepatitis C virus infection and Helicobacter pylori infection, respectively. In systematic reviews providing evidence in risk/protective factors for cancer sites using case–control and cohort studies of the Japanese population, there were associations between cancer sites (esophagus, stomach, colo‐rectum, liver, pancreas, lung and breast) and various lifestyle factors. In the past 10 years, a hospital‐based case–control study at Aichi Cancer Center provided valuable evidence of gene‐environment interaction on the development of cancer [i.e., the effects of aldehyde dehydrogenase‐2 (ALDH2) polymorphism and heavy alcohol drinking on esophageal cancer, ALDH2 polymorphism and smoking on lung cancer, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase polymorphism and heavy alcohol drinking on pancreatic cancer]. The database with stored DNA was also used and identified seven loci containing significant but low‐penetrance polymorphisms associated with the development of breast cancer. These findings together with established risk factors are likely to be useful to predict personalized breast cancer risk in East Asian women. In 2005, the Japan Multi‐Institution Collaborative Cohort (J‐MICC) study was launched to elucidate gene‐environment interactions as well as to confirm preclinical diagnostic biomarkers of cancer. J‐MICC, which has recruited 92,000 healthy individuals by the end of 2012, will follow the individuals until 2025.     

Foreign bodies in ENT in a teaching hospital in Eastern India

Objective

To evaluate the nature, common sites, modes of presentation of various foreign bodies (FB) in Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT).

Materials and methods

Observational retrospective study carried out at Vivekananda Institute of Medical Sciences, Ramakrishna Mission Seva Pratishthan. The study period was between Jan 2006 to Jan 2007. The information obtained from the hospital record books.

Results

Four hundred and eighty-two patients presented in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology of Vivekananda Institute of Medical Sciences, in the study period with FB in their ENT. Out of 482 pts, the commonest location of FB was to be in throat with 302 pts (62%) followed by ear with 119 pts (25%) and nose 61 pts (13%). Amongst the FB in throat the commonest was fish bone and the commonest site being tonsils. Artificial denture accounted for a significant number of 13 (4.3%). External auditory canal was the commonest site of FB lodgment in ear found in 118 patients (99.16%). Nasal FB were found in 61 patients; more common in pediatric age group (98.36%).

Conclusion

From this study we have found that FB lodgement is a very common complaint with which patients come to otolaryngologist. The commonest site of FB lodgement is in the throat. Most of the FB could be removed in emergency room (ER) with or without Local Anesthesia.     

整合素在急性白血病中的研究进展

急性白血病是一种早期造血干/祖细咆的恶性克隆性疾病.微小残留病和耐药被认为是其复发和难治的根源.近来,越来越多的证据显示白血病细胞通过与骨髓微环境中的基质细胞或细胞外基质相互作用促进其存活,并增强其对常规化疗药物的耐药.整合素是介导细胞与细胞外基质（细胞与非细胞成分）粘连的最主要黏附分子,在细胞增殖、存活等生物学过程中发挥关键作用,但作用机制尚不完全清楚.现就目前揭示的整合素及肿瘤微环境在急性白血病发生、发展中的作用进行综述.