内镜经鼻颅内外联合入路切除前中颅底沟通瘤

目的 探讨内镜绛鼻颅内外联合入路切除前中颅底沟通瘤的手术方法.方法 对13例患者在扩大经额下入路显微切除肿瘤颅腔内部分的基础上,采用经鼻内镜下切除肿瘤颅外部分并重建颅底缺损.结果 手术全切除11例,次全切除2例,无手术死亡和新神经功能废损、脑脊液漏、脑膜腩膨出及颅内感染等并发症发生.术后病理爪神经鞘瘤4例,鼻咽纤维血管瘤3例,脑膜瘤2例,垂体瘤、内翻性乳头状瘤、鳞状细胞痛和嗅神经母细胞瘤符1例.结论 采用内镜经鼻颅内外联合入路切除前中颅底沟通瘤创伤小且深部视野良好,能安全且完全切除良性肿瘤.     

前中颅底沟通瘤的解剖学分类及手术治疗

目的 探讨前中颅底沟通瘤的临床分类方法 及手术治疗,提高临床治疗水平. 方法 根据肿瘤主体位置和生长方向将29例前中颅底沟通瘤患者划分为额鼻眶区(16例)、中颅窝一侧颅底区(8例)、颅底中央区-中间颅底区(4例)及岩骨颈静脉孔区(1例)4类,据此并结合病理资料等分别选择扩大经额下人路(13例)、眶上-翼点入路(9例)、额颞眶颧入路(3例)、额颞人路(3例)及岩骨切除入路(1例)进行肿瘤切除和颅底缺损重建,其中采用经鼻内镜等颅内外联合入路11例.结果 肿瘤全切除24例.次全切除5例,无手术死亡发生;术后早期出现动眼神经麻痹2例,余未有新的神经功能缺损及脑脊液漏、颅内感染、脑膜脑膨出等严重并发症发生. 结论 该分类方法 具有界限清楚、部位和范围明确的优点,有利于选择合理手术人路进行肿瘤切除和颅底缺损修复及临床手术治疗效果的提高.     

前颅底及颅鼻眶沟通脑膜瘤切除及颅底重建探讨

目的探讨显微手术切除前颅底脑膜瘤的手术入路选择以及颅底重建的适应证。方法经头颅CT或MRI扫描确诊,据肿瘤大小、部位选择不同的入路,显微镜下切除肿瘤并行颅底修复重建。本组颅底脑膜瘤110例,经额颞眶颧联合入路切除35例,经额鼻筛眶入路38例,经翼点入路切除4例,经冠状开颅切除33例。结果镜下全切除肿瘤88例,次全切除17例,大部分切除5例。临床痊愈85例,好转23例,死亡2例。随访79例,肿瘤复发5例,行第二次手术切除,死亡5例,余恢复良好。结论根据肿瘤的大小、部位选择不同的手术入路,显微镜下切除前颅底脑膜瘤及必要时颅底修复重建是一种安全、有效的治疗方法。     

颅底与颈椎脊索瘤13例临床分析

目的 探讨颅底及颈椎脊索瘤手术治疗方法及疗效。方法 回顾性分析2009年3月至2013年10月收治的13例颅底及颈椎脊索瘤患者临床资料。根据肿瘤生长部位及特点,包括原发及复发病例,颅底脊索瘤分别采用经鼻蝶入路7次、经鼻蝶联合经口入路2次、翼点入路1次和乙状窦后入路2次;颈椎脊索瘤采用颈椎后路切除及内固定术4次。结果 13例病人术后随访2~60个月,平均随访21个月。首次手术后全切除7例（53.8%）,次全切除4例（30.8%）,部分切除2例（15.4%）。术后行放射治疗7例。术后复发4例,3例再次行手术治疗,1例行放射治疗。结论 依据肿瘤的生长部位和特点选择合适的手术入路是颅底和颈椎脊索瘤手术成功的关键,经鼻蝶入路鼻内镜辅助下手术为颅底脊索瘤提供了一种更加安全和有效的全切除肿瘤的方法,术后给予放射治疗可以延缓肿瘤的复发。     

经颅入路联合神经内镜下经鼻蝶入路手术防治侧颅底脑膜瘤术后脑脊液漏

目的探讨经颅入路联合神经内镜下经鼻蝶入路手术防治侧颅底脑膜瘤术后脑脊液漏的效果。方法回顾性分析2016年1月至2020年8月经颅入路联合神经内镜下经鼻蝶入路手术治疗的20例侧颅底脑膜瘤的临床资料。结果 8例未延伸至海绵窦或眶上裂的肿瘤实现全切除;12例次全切除,为减少术后眼神经损伤的风险、有小块肿瘤残留在海绵窦或眶上裂。术后病理检查均为脑膜瘤(WHO分级Ⅰ级)。术后随访12～41个月,平均24.4个月,无脑脊液漏;13例肿瘤复发或进展,其中11例接受立体定向放疗,2例术后12、15个月再次手术。结论经颅入路联合神经内镜下经鼻蝶入路手术治疗侧颅底脑膜瘤,可有效预防术后脑脊液漏。当肿瘤切除导致经颅入路侧的带血管蒂皮瓣不可用、肿瘤延伸至副鼻窦时,建议优先考虑该种联合入路手术方式。     

内镜下扩大经鼻蝶入路术中多层技术颅底重建

目的总结内镜下扩大经鼻蝶入路鞍区及鞍旁区多层技术重建颅底的经验。方法回顾性分析12例鞍区及鞍旁区肿瘤的临床资料,其中颅咽管瘤4例,鞍区脑膜瘤3例,巨大垂体腺瘤5例;均行内镜下扩大经鼻蝶入路肿瘤切除术,并采用多层技术进行颅底重建。结果所有病例肿瘤均达全切除,颅底重建均1次修补成功。术后部分临床症状明显改善。随访3～6个月,均未出现脑脊液漏、细菌性脑膜炎和张力性气颅等并发症。结论内镜下扩大经鼻蝶入路术中多层技术重建颅底是一种简单、安全、有效的方法。     

神经导航显微外科治疗颅底中央区脑膜瘤(附35例分析)

目的探讨神经导航系统在颅底中央区脑膜瘤手术中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析35例应用神经导航手术操作系统进行显微外科治疗的颅底中央区脑膜瘤病人的临床资料。本组针对不同类型的颅底中央区脑膜瘤,应用神经导航系统设计个体化的手术入路,术中应用显微外科技术,避免损伤重要结构,进行有效的肿瘤切除。结果肿瘤全切除28例,次全切除7例。术后早期严重并发症发生率为11.4%,包括动眼神经麻痹1例,脑内血肿1例(行血肿清除术后恢复良好),脑脊液漏1例,颅内感染1例。本组无死亡病例。随访6个月～2年,次全切除者中复发2例。结论应用神经导航系统设计个体化的手术入路,术中应用显微外科技术,精细操作,颅底中央区脑膜瘤大多可以获得成功的手术切除。     

颅底沟通性肿瘤的外科治疗

目的 探讨颅底沟通性肿瘤的临床特点、手术入路以及术后重建的方法。方法 将颅底划分为不同的区域，按照肿瘤主体累及的部位的不同选用不同的手术入路。采用显微手术，部分辅以内镜切除肿瘤，应用钛板修复颅底骨缺损，近手术区域筋膜、骨膜瓣翻转和背阔肌游离肌皮瓣移植血管吻合修复术后颅底和颅颌面的脑膜缺损和软组织缺损。结果 本组43例，肿瘤全切除32例，近全切除7例，部分切除4例，术后40例临床症状改善，并发症主要为颅神经损伤6例。术后门诊随访30例，随访时间5—20个月，平均9个月，复发3例，无脑脊液漏、颅内感染及其他严重并发症。结论 颅底沟通肿瘤的外科治疗较复杂，选用个性化的手术入路，精细的显微操作，配合使用内镜，加之可靠的颅底修复与重建，可以获得较好的临床疗效。     

前中颅底沟通瘤的手术入路和显微切除

目的 探讨前中颅底沟通瘤的手术入路和颅底重建的方法。方法 采用经额鼻筛眶入路、经额颞眶颧入路和经额颞联合耳前颞下入路暴露肿瘤，予以显微手术切除。结果 27例该部位肿瘤施行显微手术治疗，肿瘤全切除2l例。次全切除3例，大部分切除3例。手术结果良好，无手术死亡及严重并发症。结论 前中颅底内外沟通瘤应根据肿瘤位置、侵犯范围选择适当手术入路，充分暴露病灶，有利于广泛切除肿瘤。颅底重建是避免脑脊液漏及颅内感染的关键。     

扩大经口入路显微手术切除颅底中线部位肿瘤(附12例分析)

目的总结扩大经口入路显微手术切除颅底中线部位肿瘤的手术经验。方法回顾性分析2004年3月～2006年12月我院采用扩大经口入路切除的12例颅底中线部位肿瘤病人的临床资料。结果8例脊索瘤中5例全切除，3例近全切除；2例转移癌中1例全切除，1例大部切除；1例鼻咽癌及1例咽后壁鳞状上皮癌全切除。术后并发脑脊液鼻漏1例。无死亡、偏瘫等病例。随访6～24个月，脊索瘤分别于术后1．5年、2年局部复发2例，转移癌死于肺部原发性疾病1例，保持正常生活9例。结论扩大经口入路切除颅底中线部位肿瘤具有暴露充分、手术创伤小、并发症少等优点。     

神经内镜下经鼻-扩大蝶窦入路术后颅底重建(附20例分析)

目的探讨神经内镜下经鼻-扩大蝶窦入路术后的颅底重建技术。方法回顾性分析20例神经内镜下经鼻-扩大蝶窦入路术后的颅底重建经验。其中鞍结节脑膜瘤7例,颅咽管瘤3例,垂体腺瘤10例。在切除肿瘤后均采用人工硬脑膜-明胶海绵和生物胶-人工硬脑膜的"三明治"式方法,同时辅以球囊支持修补材料和持续腰池引流。结果1次手术修补成功15例,短暂性脑脊液鼻漏经保守治疗治愈3例,2例2次内镜下经鼻入路行颅底重建得以修复。术后随访6个月～4年,疗效满意。结论"三明治"式修补方法加球囊支撑和持续性腰池引流,可显著降低术后脑脊液鼻漏的发生,是神经内镜下经鼻-扩大蝶窦入路术后颅底重建的可靠技术。     

Significance of the simultaneous combined transcranial and endoscopic endonasal approach for prevention of postoperative CSF leak after surgery for lateral skull base meningioma

Lateral skull base meningiomas, particularly sphenoorbital meningiomas, sometimes extend extremely widely into adjacent structures including the paranasal sinuses. For endonasal skull base reconstruction using a vascularized nasoseptal flap for prevention of postoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak, the simultaneous combined transcranial and endoscopic endonasal approach was applied for resection of these extensive tumors. We performed a retrospective review of four patients treated with the simultaneous combined transcranial and endoscopic endonasal approach for resection of lateral skull base meningiomas. Preoperative characteristics, tumor extent, extent of resection, complications, and postoperative outcomes were analyzed. The tumor extended into the paranasal sinus, infratemporal fossa, and pterygopalatine fossa in all patients. Extracranial extension into the cavernous sinus or superior orbital fissure was detected in two and three patients, respectively. In one patient without extension into the cavernous sinus and superior orbital fissure, gross total resection was achieved, whereas in the other three patients, subtotal resection was performed, and small residual masses of the tumor remained in the cavernous sinus or superior orbital fissure to minimize the risk of postoperative ocular nerve damage. No patients experienced postoperative CSF leak. The simultaneous combined transcranial and endoscopic endonasal approach is useful for a subgroup of patients with lateral skull base meningiomas for prevention of postoperative CSF leak. Particularly in recurrent cases in which vascularized flaps from the transcranial side are likely unavailable due to prior tumor resection, this combined approach is worth considering depending on tumor extension into the paranasal sinus.     

Utility of a rotation–suction microdebrider for tumor removal in endoscopic endonasal skull base surgery

The microdebrider is a common tool used in endoscopic sinus surgery for removing polypoid and sinonasal tissue. It uses rotating blades and an integrated suction device for controlled removal of tissue under video–endoscopic visualization. To our knowledge, the application of the microdebrider for endoscopic removal of skull base tumors has not been reported. This study aimed to investigate the utility of the rotation–suction microdebrider as a tool for endoscopic endonasal removal of solid and fibrous skull base tumors. Thirty-two patients underwent endoscopic endonasal skull base surgery where the rotation–suction microdebrider was used as the primary tool for tumor removal and debulking. Pathologies included a variety of anterior skull base meningiomas, sinonasal skull base malignancies, juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibromas, schwannomas, and other skull base lesions. Gross total and near total removal was achieved in 87.5% (28/32) of patients, and subtotal removal was performed in 12.5% (4/32) of patients. The microdebrider allowed efficient debulking and removal of solid and fibrous tumors, such as meningiomas, that were not responsive to standard ultrasonic aspiration. There were no complications of orbital or neurovascular injury, or thermal injury to the nostril. The rotation–suction microdebrider is a useful tool for endoscopic endonasal removal of skull base tumors. This is particularly useful for solid and fibrous tumors that are not responsive to standard ultrasonic aspiration. For intracranial tumors, it is critical to remain inside the tumor capsule during debulking so as to avoid injury to the surrounding neurovascular structures.     

扩大前颅底入路显微手术切除前颅底鼻窦沟通瘤

目的报告经扩大前颅底入路切除前颅底鼻窦沟通瘤的手术效果。方法回顾性分析35例前颅底鼻窦沟通瘤的临床特征、手术方法及疗效。结果26例肿瘤全切,9例次全切。术后15例行放射治疗。随访0．5～9年,5例恶性肿瘤患者死亡,30例健在。结论扩大前颅底手术入路的优点是肿瘤全切率高,显露广,不易损伤周围正常组织,不影响面容,便于颅底重建。     

Endoscopic endonasal resection of sinonasal and skull base malignancies in children: feasibility and outcomes

Background

The aim of this study is to present our experience in treating paediatric sinonasal and skull base malignancies with exclusively endonasal endoscopic approach and measure its feasibility.

Methods

This study is a retrospective review of seven patients under age of 19?years who have sinonasal and skull base malignancies and treated with endoscopic endonasal approach. The main outcome measures are the surgical resection, complications, survival rate, recurrence and gross facial growth.

Results

Radical tumour resection was achieved in all cases with negative margins; no major complications were observed. Mean follow-up was 65?months and no evidence of recurrences. Facial growth assessment showed no gross changes.

Conclusion

In selected cases, endoscopic endonasal approach of paediatric sinonasal and skull base malignancies could be an alternative approach. Despite of our few cases, it showed a feasibility of this technique with satisfactory oncological control. A further collaborative study with larger number is needed to have more valid conclusion.     

大型前中颅窝颅底沟通瘤的显微手术切除与颅底重建

本文报告7例大型前中颅窝沟通瘤,其中3例肿瘤直径超过11cm,全组病人均采用显微神经外科手术一次全切肿瘤,同时行颅底重建,全组病人均治愈.经7个月～4.5年随访,无肿瘤复发.作者指出,认真处理供瘤血管,分块切除肿瘤,保护重要血管和神经,根据颅底骨质缺损大小采取相应重建方法是确保手术成功的关键.另外,强调根据肿瘤生长特性及发展方向选择手术入路,有助于显露及全切肿瘤.     

内镜经鼻前颅底肿瘤的外科治疗

目的总结内镜经鼻入路切除前颅底肿瘤的经验。方法回顾性分析2003年11月～2006年5月18例肿瘤侵犯前颅底的临床资料．其中14例单独采用内镜经鼻手术入路．4例采用颅鼻联合入路进行了治疗。病理类型包括：脑膜瘤2例，脊索瘤1例，视神经鞘瘤1例．骨纤维异常增殖症1例．鳞状细胞癌3例，嗅神经母细胞瘤3例，腺样囊性癌1例，恶性骨巨细胞瘤1例，脊索肉瘤1例．神经内分泌小细胞癌1例，透明细胞癌1例，甲状腺癌颅底转移1例，腮腺癌颅底转移1例。结果经术中镜下及术后影像学检查证实17例肿瘤被全部切除．1例大部分切除。2例术后出现脑脊液鼻漏，经保守治疗后痊愈。无颅内出血、感染及死亡病例。结论内镜经鼻入路能够充分显露和切除前颅底肿瘤．且大多数病例无需处理硬脑膜及进行颅底重建。